乌鸦赏析.docx

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1、Poespoetictheoriesareremarkab1.eintheirc1.arity（诗歌理论简洁明朗）aboutevenifthey1.ackwhatJosephWoodKrutchtermsinte1.1.ectua1.detachment,anddatho1.icityoftaste.（尽管缺乏Kruteh所说的学问分子的超脱和大众品尝）ThCSCarebeste1.ucidated（最好的证明）inhisHiePhiIosophyofCOn1.PoSition（创作原理）andThePoeticPrinCiP1.e.”（诗歌原则）Thepoem,hesays,shou1.db

2、eshort,readab1.eatonesitting（一口气能读完）（oras1.ongasTTieRaven”或及诗歌乌鸦的长度相当】）.Itschiefaimisbeauty,name1.y,toproduceafee1.ingofbeautyinthereader.Beautyaimsate1.evatingexcitementoftheSoU1,（震撼灵魂）and6autyofwhateverkind,initssupremedeve1.opment,invariab1.yexcitesthesensitivesou1.totears.（无论何种形式的美，只要达到最高境界，就能令敏

3、感的灵魂落下泪来）Thusme1.ancho1.yisthemostIegitimateofa1.1.thepoetictones.（所以哀痛是诗歌最好的基调）Andheconc1.udesthatthedeathofabeautifu1.womanis,unquestionab1.y,themostpoetica1.topicinthewor1.d.,Poestressesrhythm,definestruepoetryas“therhythmica1.Crea1.ionofbeauty,（真正的诗歌是富有美妙旋律的作品）anddec1.aresthat“musicistheperfecti

4、onofthesou1.,oridea,ofpoetry.,（音乐是诗歌灵魂和思想的最高境界）Poewasunabashedtoofferhisownpoem“TheRaven,asani1.1.ustrationofhispoint.“TheRaven“isabou1.1081in”，perfociIyreadab1.eatOneSiUing.SenSeOfme1.ancho1.yOVerthedeathOfabe1.ovedbeautifu1.youngwomanpervadesIheWhc1（、poem:IhCpw1.raya1.aycungmangricvinforhisIOSt1.e

5、nore,（早逝的漂亮女友1.enOre）hisgriefbeingturned1。madnessUndCrtheSteadyCncfordrepe1.i1.ion（）IheIa1.kingbirdintroducedrigh1.atthebeginningOfthepoem：Onceuponamidnightdreary,whiIeIpondered,weakandweakry.Overmanyaquintandcuriousvo1.umeofforgotten1.ore*Whi1.eInodded,near1.ynapping,sudden1.ytherecameatapping,Asof

6、someonerapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.”Tissomevisitor,wImuttered,“tappingatmychamberdoor一more.”Afterheseesthebird,itsresponse-oritsimaginedone“nevermore”-keepsbreakingupontheyoungmanSpsychicwoundruth1.ess1.yandcease1.ess1.yasdothewavesontheseashoreunti1.hisdepressionreachesitsbreakingpoint:Andtherav

7、en,neverf1.itting,sti1.1.issitting,sti1.1issittingOnthepa1.1.idbustofPa1.1.asjustabovemychamberdoor;Andhiseyeshavea1.1.theseemingofademonthatisdreaming,Andthe1.amp-1.ighto,erhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthef1.oor:Andmysou1.fromoutchatshadowthat1.iesf1.oatingonthef1.oorore!Theyoungman,aneuroticontheb

8、rinkofamenta1.co1.1.apse,（精神几近崩溃）outpourshissorrowinhissemi-s1.eep（半梦半醒之间）ontheappearanceofthebird.Poeticimaginationexterna1.izesitse1.f（诗歌的想象力表现在）inthephantomofabird（幻象中的小鸟）andinterming1.eswithittoenhancetheeffectoftbetragedyofthebereavement.（失去挚爱的悲剧）ItisgoodtonotethatPoe,spoemsareheavi1.ytintedina

9、dreamy,ha1.1.ucinatoryco1.or.（Poe的诗歌中具有一种浓烈的梦境和幻觉的色调）“TheRaven,isagoodexamp1.easthenarratorisinastateOfsemistupor.（神志几近不清的状态）Inaddition,Poeinsistsonanevenmetrica1.f1.owinVerSifiCation.（主见运用规则的韵律创作）,TheRavenisamarve1.ofregu1.arity:W.1.Wernerrecordsthat,ofits719comp1.etefeet,（全诗有719个音步），705areperfectt

10、rochees,（其中705个是完全的抑扬格）tendoubtfu1.trochees,（十个牵强可算是抑扬格）andon1.yfourcIeariycEys.（只有四个是强弱格）Poerare1.ya1.1.owshimse1.ftwenty-fivepercentofirregu1.arfeetasisfoundinIsrafe1.”.（Poe几乎不会让诗中出现四分之一以上的不规则音步，就像在诗歌Israfe1.里一样）Forthesakeofregu1.arityinrhythm,Poedisapprovesoftheuseofarchaisms,contractions,inversi

11、ons,andsimi1.ardevices.（POe反对运用古体、缩写、倒置等技法）TheRaven,isthusaperfecti11.ustrationofhistheoryonpoetry.*TheRavenOnceuponamidnightdreary,whi1.eIpondered,weakandweakry,Overmanyaquintandcuriousvo1.umeofforgotten1.oreWhi1.eInodded,near1.ynapping,sudden1.ytherecameatapping,sofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychambe

12、rdoor.“Tissomevisitor,“Imuttered,wtappingatmychamberdoorOn1.ythis,andnothingmore.”有一天阴沉的半夜时分，当我疲乏郁闷，面对一堆占籍奇书，想把失传的奇妙揭开，当我打着盹几乎睡着，忽听得一声剥啄，仿佛有人轻轻敲着，轻敲在我的房门外。“谁敲门呢？我喃喃道，“肯定有客人来，一一别无其他，不必费疑猜。”Ah,distinct1.yIrememberitwasintheb1.eakDecember,ndeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthef1.oor.Eager1.yIwi

13、shedthemorrow;一vain1.yIhadtriedtoborrowFrommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthe1.ost1.enore-Fortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheange1.sname1.enoreName1.esshereforevermore.啊，记得清清晰楚，那是十二月寒冷刺骨，行将熄灭的余烬投射的鬼影在地上摇摆。我着急地盼望天亮，我徒劳地搜寻书章，想从书中借良方，止住失去丽诺尔的哀痛一一天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱，一一人间此名已永不存在。ndthesi1.kensaduncertainrus

14、t1.ingofeachpurp1.ecurtainThri1.1.edme-fi1.1.edmewithfantasticterrorsneverfe1.tbefore:Sothatnow,tosti1.1.thebeatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating,”,Tissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor一Some1.atevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor;more.”每幅紫红的丝绸帘幕，发出哀痛的簌簌,使从未体验的荒诞的恐怖向我袭来；此刻为了止住心悸，我站若再次说道：“这

15、是有人来找，敲着我的房门要求进来，“这是半夜的客人，敲着我的房门要求进来，一一别无其他，不必费疑猜。Present1.ymysou1.grewstronger;hesitatingthennoIonger,“Sir,saidI,*orMadam,tru1.yyourforgivenessIimp1.ore：ButthefactisIwasnapping,andsogent1.yyoucamerapping,Andsofaint1.yyoucametapping,tappingatmychamberdoor,ThatIscarcewassureIheardyou”-hereIopenedWide

16、thedoor;hingmore.刹那间我鼓足了志气，于是我不再迟疑，“我恳切地请你宽恕，”我说，“先生或太太，事实我是瞌睡朦胧，而你乂敲得太轻，那么模糊不清地敲着敲着，在我房门外，我不知是否真的听见，这时我把房门大开，一一一无全部，一片阴霾。Deepintothatdarknesspeering,1.ongIstoodtherewondering,fearingDoubting,dreamingdreamsnomorta1.everdaredtodreambefore;Butthesi1.encewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken,ndtheon1.y

17、wordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,“1.enore!”ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,1.enore!”gmore.我向这片黑暗张望，我愣在那儿，惊疑惊慌，凡人从不敢做的怪梦纷纷向我袭来，但四周一片宁静，黑喑中宅无迹象可寻，唯有低语“丽诺尔”的声音在黑夜里徘徊1,这是我低呼“丽诺尔！”而回声又传了回来，别无其他，除此以外。Thenintothechamberturninga1.1mysou1.withinmeburning,SoonIheardagainatappingsomewhat1.ouderth

18、anbefore.“Sure1.y,saidI,“sure1.ythatissomethingatmywindow1.attice：1.etmesee,then,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexp1.ore-1.etmyheartbesti1.1.amomentandthismysteryexpIore;,Tisthewind,andnothingmore!于是我转身进房，整个灵魂像着了火一样，立刻乂听到一声剥啄，响声超过了刚才。“我敢断定，我说，“有东西在敲我的窗格，让我看看那儿有什么，好把这神奇解开，一一让我的心略微静一静，就把这神奇解开，一一准是风声，岂有他战

19、！”OpenhereIf1.ungtheshutter,when,withmanyaf1.irtandf1.utter,Intheresteppedastate1.yravenofthesaint1.ydaysofyore：Notthe1.eastobeisancemadehe;notaninstantstoppedorstayedhe;But,withmienof1.ordor1.ady,perchedabovemyChamberdoor-PercheduponabustofPa1.1.asjustabovemychamberdoor一Perched,andsat,andnothingmor

20、e.这时我大敞了百叶窗，于是，抖动着翅膀，跨进一只肃穆的乌鸦他属于神圣的古代；他亳无谦恭的礼仪，也亳不停步或迟疑，却摆出贵族的神气，跑到我房门顶上呆，在我门顶的才智女神雅典嫄的像上呆，呆在那里，再不下来。Thenthisebonybirdbegui1.ingmysadfancyintosmiIing,Bythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore.*Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,Isaid,“artsurenocraven,Ghast1.ygrimandancientravenwanderingfromt

21、heNight1yshore-Te1.1.mewhatthy1.ord1.ynameisontheNightsP1.utonianshore!Quoththeraven,“Nevermore.这头乌檀木的大鸟，一副庄重的外表，他的肃穆高雅驱散我的忧思，逗我开怀；“哪怕拔光你的毛发，我说，“你胆识可真大，你这阴森森的古代乌鸦，来F1.夜的彼岸，请教你的尊姓大名，在夜的冥府之岸！”乌鸦说道：“永不再。”MuchImarve1.edthisungain1.yfow1.toheardiscourseSop1.ain1.y,Thoughitsanswer1.itt1.emeaning-1.itt1.er

22、e1.evancyhore：Forwecannothe1.pagreeingthatnosub1.unarybeingEveryetwasb1.essedwithseeingbirdabovehischamberdoor-Birdorbeastuponthescu1.pturedbustaboveIuschambcrdoor,ermore.这只难看的大鸟听得懂话，使我大为惊异，（尽管他的回答不得要领，意思不甚明白，）因为我们不能不承认，普天下的世人谁也未曾有幸见到大禽在他的房门上呆，一一有幸见到鸟或兽在他门顶的雕像上呆，而且名叫“永不再。”Buttheraven,sitting1.one1.y

23、onthep1.acidbust,spokeon1.yThatoneword,asifhissou1.inthati1.1.wordhedidoutpour.Nothingfartherthenheuttered-notafeatherthenhefIuttered-Ti1.1.Iscarce1.ymorethanmuttered,“Otherfriendshavef1.ownbefore-Onthemorrowhewi1.1.1.eaveme,asmyhopeshavef1.ownbefore.more.但栖在雕像上的乌鸦，只说了这一句话，仿佛是他整个武魂在这句话里吐了出来。接下去他什么也不

24、说，没有一根羽毛抖动，一一宜等到我喃喃地说：“其他挚友都已离开，像我飞走的希曳一样，到早晨他也会离开。”乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Wonderingatthesti1.1.nessbrokenbyrep1.ysoapt1.yspoken,“Doubt1.ess,“saidI,“whatituttersisitson1.ystockandstore,”Caughtfromsomeunhappymasterwhomunmercifu1.DisasterFo11owedfastandfo1.1.owedfaste1.-so,whenHopehewou1dadjure,SternDespairreturn

25、ed,insteadofthesweetHopehedaredadjure-more!”这一应答如此聪慈，不禁使我大吃一惊，无疑地，”我说，这句话就是他的全部口才，得自某位倒楣的主子灾祸对他亳不怜悯，步步紧跟越跟越紧，直到他的歌身负重载，直到他全部希望的挽歌都身负同一个重载，这重载就叫永不再。”Buttheravensti1.1.begui1.inga1.1mysadsou1.intosmi1.ing,StraightIwhee1.edacushionedseatinfrontofbird,andbust,anddoor;Thenupontheve1.vetsinking,Ibetookmys

26、e1.ftoIinkingFancyuntofancy,thinkingwhatthisominousbirdofyore-Whatthisgrim,ungain1.y,ghast1.y,gaunt,andominousbirdofyorermore.”但乌鸦还在逗我快乐，消遣我的苦闷，我干脆把软垫座椅推到大鸟跟前来；往天鹅绒上一坐，吧种种幻想连成线索。把这阴森怪异，恐怖难看的不详占鸟猜，为什么他说“永不再。”ThisIsatengagedinguessing,butnosy1.1.ab1.eexpresSingTothefow1.whosefieryeyesnowburnedintomybo

27、som,score;ThisandmoreIsatdivining,withmyheadateaseree1.iningOnthecushion,sve1.vet1.iningthatthe1.amp1.ightg1.oatedofer,Butwhoseve1.vetvio1.et1.iningwiththe1.amp1.ightg1.oatingo,er,evermore!我猜着，聚精会神，但对大禽我一声不出,他那如火的眼睛止匕亥U已烧透了我的心怀：凭宜觉我感知了很多，当我的头轻轻竟者,靠着灯光的幸灾乐祸之下的天鹅绒座垫，但座垫的主子呢，这淡紫色的天鹅绒座垫她不再靠了，永不再！Then,me

28、thought,theairgrewdenser,perfumedfromanunseencenserSwungbyange1.swhosefaintfoot-fa1.1.stink1.edonthetuftedf1.oor.wWretch1Icried,1.hyGodhath1.entthee-bytheseange1.shehathsenttheeRcspite-respitoandNepenthefromthymemoriesof1.enore!1.etmequaffthiskindNepentheandforgetthis1.ost1.enore!”more.我觉得空气变得稠密，无形香

29、炉散出香气，那是天使们摇着香炉，丁丁当当隐隐走来。“可怜虫！”我喊道，“上帝派天使给我送来了安眠一一安眠和忘忧药，让我把丽诺尔忘怀！让我饮尽忘忧刑药，把失去的丽诺尔忘怀！乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Prophet!”saidI,thingofevi1.!-prophetsti1.1.,ifbirdordevi1.!-WhetherTemptersent,orwhethertempesttossedtheehereashore,Deso1.ate,yeta1.1.undaunted,onthisdesert1.ande11chanted-OnthishomebyHorrorhaunted-te1.1.

30、metru1.y,Iimp1.ore-Isthere-isthereba1.minGi1.ead?(1.)-te1.1me-te1.1me,Iimp1.ore!*more.“先知！”我说，“一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔！不管是诱惑者派你来，还是风暴把你抛来一一来到这被魔法迷住但未吓住的荒芜国土,来到这恐怖的小屋一一求求你，向我坦白：基列有没有止痛香膏?求求你，向我坦白！”乌鸦说道：“永不再。”基列：据圣经传闻，约旦河东的基列出产灵药，系树脂制成。“Prophet!”saidI,thingofevi1.!-prophetsti1.1.,ifbirdordevi1.!BythatHeaventhat

31、bendsaboveus-bythatGodwebothadore-Te1.1.thissou1.withsorrow1.adenif,withinthedistantidenn(2),Itsha1.1.c1.aspasaintedmaidenwhomtheange1.sname1.enore-C1.asparareandradiantmaidenwhomtheange1.sname1.enore,more.(2) idenn：阿拉伯语的And,即EdCn(天堂，乐园)“先知！”我说，“一个先知!尽管你越鸟或恶魔！靠着上天，靠着上帝(咱俩对他同样膜拜)，请告知我哀思的灵魂：在遥远的伊甸园中，我

32、能不能把升天的少女丽诺尔抱在胸怀？一一天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱！”乌鸦说道：“永不再。“Bethatwordoursignofparting,birdorfiend!”Ishrieked,Upstarting-GettheebackintothetempestandtheNight,sp1.utonianshore!1.eavenob1.ackp1.umeasatokenofthat1iethysou1.hathspoken!1.eavemy1.one1.inessunbroken!-quitthebustabovemydoor!Takethybeakfromoutmyheart,a

33、ndtakethyformfromoffmydoor!”more.“用这句话告辞吧，恶魔或乌！”我跳起来狂叫，“回到你那风暴之夜，Im到你那冥府之岸！连一根黑羽也别留下，让我忘却你的谎话！别再对我的孤寂打岔!从我的雕像离开！别再啄我的心了，从我门上的雕像离开！乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Andtheraven,neverf1.itting,sti1.1.issitting,sti1.1.issittingOnthepa1.1idbustofPa1.1.as(3) justabovemychamberdoor;Andhiseyeshavea1.1theseemingofademonthatisdrea

34、ming,Andthe1.amp-1ightoerhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthef1.oor;Andmysou1.fromoutchatshadowthat1.iesf1.oatingonthef1.oore!(3)Pa1.1.as:即雅典娜,才智女神乌鸦仍旧栖在门上，苍白的雅典娜像上，呆坐不动，不匕不动，看来再也不想离开；他的那副眼睛，纯粹像个恶魔陷入了梦境，而吊灯把他的投影映在地上轻轻摇摆，我的灵魂啊被这黑影覆盖，再也起不来，一一要想摆脱?一一永不再！(1) Ihadtriedtoborrowfrommybookssurceaseofsorrow:我竭力读

35、书，想以此排遣心中的哀伤。SUrCCaSC是占体，意思是终止阻挡(2) abustofPa1.1.as:帕拉斯女神的胸像,帕拉斯就是希腊神话中的雅典娜希thena).(3) theNight,sP1.utonianshore:黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸(4) suba1.unarybeing地球上的人们。SUba1.Unary意思是月球之下的,地球之上的。有的版本改为1.ivinghumanbeing(5) stockandstore:库存物品。此处指乌鸦仿照的人语(6) Nepenthe希腊神话中的忘忧药。后泛指一切是人遗忘忧愁的东西。(7) ISthereba1.minGi1.ead?这里讥

36、讽的引用了圣经中的一句:Istherenoba1.minGi1.ead:isthere1noPhysicianthere?莫非基列没有止痛药？莫非那里没有医生吗？(基列是死海边的一片山区，生长着很多药用植物)(8) Aidenn这是坡虚拟的一个地名，暗指伊甸园(Eden)Symbo1.isminTheRavenmain1.yoccursintheimagesoftheravenitse1.f,theroom,themonthofDecember,thetimeofnight,thestatueandperhaps1.essobvious1.y,thecushion,thewindowandth

37、edoor.Fromtheverybeginningofthepoem,themoodandtone,whichissettoprepareusforthesymbo1.sissombreandg1.oomy.Thephrase,onceuponapreparesusforthefactthatweareabouttohearastory,butfastonthehee1.softhephrasewe1.earnthatthisisnotgoingtobeoneofthosehappyfairystories.Thenextwordsare,midnight,anddrearyandDecem

38、ber.,Thereforeweseethattheravenisnotthefirstsymbo1.tobeintroduced.Midnight,downthroughouttheages,hasa1.waysbeenreferredtoasadark1.ymagictime,symbo1.isingtheendofthe1ight,anddeathastheendof1.ife,asortof,witchinghour.,Oftenatthistimethosewhosituptoo1.ateworkingcanbecomedrowsyandstarttoseevisions,night

39、maresordreams.A1.so,Decemberinpagantimeswasthe1.owpointordyingtime,oftheyear.Thedoorandthewindowinthispoemaresymbo1.softheporta1.fromthiswor1.dintothenext,ofthethoughtsofrea1.itycrossingintothethoughtsofthedreamwor1.d.Thedoorisreferredtoinde1.iberate1.yantiquated1.anguageasa,chambergivingthewho1.epo

40、emaGothicfee1.,rightfromthestart,andtheword,visitorisreminiscentofWa1.terDe1.aMarcssupernatura1.poem,The1.isteners.Thepictureofthemedieva1.sty1.eofdoorthatWCimagineisreinforcedbytheimageoftheheavyve1.vetcurtains,fortheyarenotatthewindow,butmostprobab1.ydrapedasdraught-proofingoverthedoor.Theirrust1.

41、ingcreatesexcitementanddramaaroundthesymbo1.icopeningofthedooropensouttoadark,otherwor1.d.,Thewindow,however,istheopeningthroughwhichthenextsymbo1.,theraven,eventua1.Iyappears.Thisopeninga1.soisgiventheGothictreatment,asitisdescribedasa,1.atticeaquainto1.d-fashionedtermfornu1.ti-panedantiquewindows.

42、Thetappingremindsusoftheghost1.yCathytryingtogetinthewindowinBronte*s,WutheringHeights,.Throughouthistoryand1.iterature,ravenshavebeensymbo1.sofmanythings-bad1.uck,death,theb1.ackmagicpowersofWiZardSsuchasMer1.in,orasthefami1.iarsofevi1.-doers.InEdgarA1.ienPoes,TheRavenpoem,thebirdrepresentssomeora1

43、.1ofthesethingsbuttheya1.1.haveonethingincommon,fear.Thenarratorofthestorypoemornarrativepoemfearsgreat1.ythathewi1.1.neverseethebeautyofhisbe1.oved1.enoreagain.Hegivesventtothesefearsandindu1.gesinthese1.f-pityofde1.iberate1.yaskingc1.osedquestionstowhichhehasg1.eanedthatthebirdhason1.yoneanswer,ne

44、vermore.,Itiswe1.1documentedthatbirdsofthecrowfami1.y,beingthemostinte1.1.igentofthebirdkingdom,canuttersimp1.esoundsthattouscansound1.ikewords.Inhistiredpre-s1.eepmood,thenarratorconvinceshimse1.fthatthissoundis,Nevermoreandusesthisfacttomakehissorrowatthe1.ossof1.enore,s1.ifeandbeautydeeper.Theque

45、stionsbecomemoreandmoreintense,signifyingthesymbo1.icdeepeningofhisfear,bereavementissues,and1.one1.iness.ThebustofPa1.1.asisastatuewhichrepresentson1ytheheadandshou1.dersofaveneratedsubject,inthiscasePa1.1.as,Greekgoddessofwisdom.Ina1.ightinguponitshead,theravenappearstoaddcredencetohisprophecy.wis

46、esourceaddsweighttothemeresquawksofabird.Theroomofthebereavedisgivenmuchattentionbythepoet.ReferredtoinGo1.hic-Sty1.e1.anguageasachamberitappearsfora1.1.thewor1.d1.ikeafunera1.par1.ourofVictoriantimes.Particu1.ar1.yinEng1.and,wheretheon1yp1.ushfurnishingsapoorpersonmightseemightbeeitherthedoctors,bo

47、ss*sorundertakerspar1.our,theseroomsweredecoratedinthetraditiona1.bereavementco1.orssymbo1.icofdeathvio1.et,b1.ack,mauve,purp1.eandgrey.Withduepompandceremony,therewou1dhavea1.sobeenevidentthefashionsofthetimecoa1.-b1.ackfunera1.draysorhorses,ebony-b1.ackcoffinhearsesandwagonswithg1.ass-sidedwindows

48、,attendants1.iveriedinb1.ackp1.umesoffeathersfromnear-extinctbirds,vio1.etsi1.ksandsatins1inedcoffinsanddeath1.ys1.owfunera1.marcherswearinghighsooty-b1.acktophats.Themoodwou1dhavebeenca1.mandsombreandthisistheatmospherePoecreatesforhisroomthesymbo1.forfunera1.s.Eventhe1.uxuryofacushionisadded,asymbo1.ofthepresenceof1.