2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit2 Making a difference单元考点突破学案.docx

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1、名师原创：Unit2单元考点突破词汇精讲1. contributionn.捐款；捐献物；贡献；稿件；作品【原句再现】.Talkaboutthecontributionthesepeoplemadetosociety.【词块积累】contributevt.&vi.捐助；捐献；贡献；造成/促使(某事发生)；投(稿)；撰(稿)contributorn捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素contribute(sth)tosth对.奉献.contribute(money)totheRedCross向红十字会捐钱contributeto对做出贡献，对.起作用【精品例句】Itwasgenerousofhertoco

2、ntributesuchalargesumofmoney.她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱Henevercontributes(ideas)tothediscussion.他在讨论时从不发表意见Alcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillnesses.压力是诸多疾病的致病因素Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章Igaveacontributionof$100to/towa

3、rdthechurch.我给教堂捐了100美元Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。【高考链接】IadmireEdisonalotbecauseofhisgreatcontributiontheWOiid.(湖南卷)(to/toward)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式ImmigrantshavecontributedtheBritishcultureinmanyways,(to/toward)2. reliefn.减轻，缓解【原句再现】Thea

4、mountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried,isoneofthecommonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.【词块积累】relievevt.使减轻，使解除(痛苦/忧愁)toone,srelief令人宽慰的是/令人释怀的是inrelief如释负重,松了口气【精品例句】Toourgreatrelief,theaccidentcausedlittledamage.令我们宽慰的是，事故造成的损失很小Thedoctorsaiditwasonlyasl

5、ightwound.Whatarelief.医生说，只是轻伤，谢天谢地Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheygetrelieffromthismedicine.那些饱受头疼折磨的将会发现使用这些药物可以缓解疼痛Hearingthathehadpassedtheexam,hesighedinrelief.听说自己通过了考试，他松了口气IfeltgreatreliefwhenIheardIhadpassedtheexamination.当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.

6、能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了【高考链接】Dontworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.(江苏卷)!lltellDadthere,snothingserious.A.WhatareliefB.CongratulationsC.HowsurprisingD.msorry（八）【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Muchherrelief,shesawthedooropen.(to)Shelongedforsomethingto(reliethetirednessofeverydaylife,(relieve)3. short

7、agen.短缺，不足，缺乏【原句再现】Freshwatershortagelessthan1,OOOm3capitayear【词块积累】shortadj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的shorts短裤ShOrtenVt.使变短，缩短；反义词是：Iengthenshortlyadv.立刻，不久shortlyafter后不久shortcomingn.缺点，短处overcomeshortcomings克月艮缺点inShort总之，简言之cut/makealongstoryshort长话短说food/water/housingshortage.食物/用/住房短缺beshortfor是简称，缩写beshort

8、of缺少【精品例句】HeistooshorttobecomeabasketballPIayer.他太矮，当不了篮球运动员Thebusstopisashortwayoff.公交站离这里不远HisanswerwasshortandtothePOint.他的回答简明切题UNisshortforUnitedNations.UN是UnitedNations的缩写Heisshortoffundsrightnow.他目前缺资金Thereportseemedtobeshortoffacts.这个报告似乎缺乏事实依据Inshort,Iwilldomybesttohelpmakethesportsmeetinga

9、success.总之，我会尽力促成此次运动会的成功Toovercomeashortageofmedicalstaff,10doctorshavebeenemployedfromoverseas.为解决医务人员不足问题，已从海外聘请了十名医生Smokingshortensyourlife.吸烟会减寿Hefinishedadifficulttaskonhisownshortlyafterheenteredthecompany.他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨任务【高考链接】Whydidn,tyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?Ihadplannedto,butIwas5

10、0A.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.short(D)TheshopkeepergaveUSweightwegot9kilosinsteadof10kilos.A.scarceB.shortC.lightD.slight(B)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式WHOisshortWorldHealthOrganization,whichisdevotedtohelpingimprovetheworldshealthcondition.Butnowitisshortenoughexperiencedmedicalworkers.Anditalsofinds

11、theoffreshwatermadethelivingconditionsworseinsomecountries.(for;of;shortage)4. effectiveadj.有效的；生效的【原句再现】NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.【词块积累】effectn.结果；效力；作用；影响effectivelyadv有效地efficiency效率;效能greenhouseeffect温室效应bring/put.,intoeffect实施;实行ineffect在实施中;有效t

12、akeeffectivemeasures/steps采取有效措施takeeffect,相当于ComeintoeffeCt生效；起作用【精品例句】Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响Somelawsfromtheeighteenthcenturyarestillineffect.一些18世纪的法律至今仍然有效Thesemeasuresarejustbeginningtotakeeffect.这些措施刚开始见效【高考链接】Th

13、emoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecame(effect)atfindingandcatchingthem.(广东卷)(effective)Ifyoucanfindwhateverlearningmethodsuitsyou,yourlearning(effective)islikelytoimprovegreatly.(上海课改卷)(efficiency)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Itisuncertainwhatside(effectively)themedicinewillbringabout,(effect)5. ea

14、rnvt.挣(钱)；赚得，挣得；博得；.赢得【原句再现】Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.【词块积累】earnings薪水，工资earnascholarship获得奖学金earnanincome/afortune挣收入/大钱earnmoney=makemoney挣钱earnones/aliving谋生earnonesfame/areputation赢得名声【精品例句】Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.他因诚实而赢得了赞扬Rentingyourhouseoutasa“filmset“c

15、ouldearnyouhundredsofpoundsaday.把房子租出去作为拍摄背景一天能挣几百英镑Heearnsa/hislivingbydoingoddjobs.他靠打零工谋生Howmuchdoesacookearninyourcountry?在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？IwanttoearnalotofmoneywhenIgrowup.长大后，我想挣大钱Heworkshard,buthedoesnotearnmuchmoney.他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多【高考链接】Youareoldenoughtoyourownliving.(辽宁卷)A.winB.gainC.takeD.ear

16、n(D)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Howdoessheearn(she)livingaftersheleftherfamily?(her)He(earn)agoodreputationasateachersincehegraduated,(hasearned)6. undercontrol在控制中；情况正常【原句再现】.itsthebestsmileintheworld；andthere,snobodyhurt,andthewellisundercontrol.【词块积累】“under+九”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义，其中名词前不用冠词。under

17、construction正在建设中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在讨论中undertreatment正在接受治疗【精品例句】Ifourneighborcontinuestorefusetokeephisdogundercontrol,wehavetotakehimtocourt.如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们就不得不控告他了1.uckily,thebigfirewasundercontrolassoonasthefirefighterscame.幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了【高考链接】Therearefourundergroundlinesi

18、nthiscity,andseverallinesareCOnStRICtion.(浙江卷)(Imder)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Thequestionunder(discuss)isabouteducationofpreschoolchildren,(discussion)7. giveup放弃，停止【原句再现】Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney，butRyandidntgiveup.【词块积累】givein(to)屈服(于)giveout分发；用光；放出giveaway赠送；泄露【精品例句】Hegiveuphissea

19、ttoapregnantWoman.他把座位让给了一位孕妇Thefollowingaresomeideastohelppeopletogiveupsmoking.下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法Shewillgiveupthisjourneyiftheweatherisntsosatisfying.如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行Noonecanmakehimgiveuphisdreamofbecomingabasketballplayer.没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想【高考链接】Bodylanguagecanalotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyour

20、armsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.A.takeawayB.throwawayC.putawayD.giveaway(D)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Canyougivethepaperstothestudentspresent,please?(out)Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep,hisactionwillgivehimduringtheday.(away)8. breakintoasmile突然笑起来【原句再现】Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmil

21、e.【词块积累】breakinto破门而入；强行闯入breakdown出故障；垮掉breakout（瘟疫/火山/火灾/争吵/战争）爆发；突然发生【精品例句】Heisalwaysseriousanditisveryhardtomakehimbreakintoasmile.他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来Whilereadingastorybook,theyounggirlbrokeintoasmilesuddenly.读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来Thestudentbrokeintoabigsmileasshecametoherclassroom.这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来【高考链

22、接】Ourcarbrokeonthewayandwhatsworse,itwasgettingdark.（全国卷）A.upB.downC.outD.into（B）【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Thewarbrokeshortlyaftertheylefttheircountry.（out）9. realityn.现实【原句再现】Thisinsightgrewfromthedeterminedattitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.【词块积累

23、】realize/realisevt.实现；使.成为现实；认识到，意识到realization/realisation实现realadj.真的，真实的，天然的reallyadv.真实地，确实；当真inreality实际上，事实上inreallife在现实生活中notreally不是realizeone,sdreams/hopes/ambitions实现某人的梦想/希望/抱负realise+that/wh-从句，认识到；意识到【精品例句】Thisisnotimagination,butreality.这不是想象，而是事实Outwardlysheseemedconfidentbutinrealit

24、yshefeltextremelynervous.她表面上似乎自信，其实她感到极其紧张Herwishtobecomeamoviestarwasfinallyrealized.她当明星的愿望终于实现了OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.知道离开父母去意大利时，我才明白自己有多爱他们Ihaverealizeditisyourpersonalitythatdecideswhoyoutrulyare.我意识到，正是你的个性决定了真正的你Ineverrealizedhowharditistorunonsand.我从没有意识

25、到在沙滩上跑有多困难【高考链接】Youknow,Imetmygirlfriend,sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.（陕西卷）?Ithoughtyou,dmetthembefore.A.SowhatB.PardonC.ReallyD.Whatfor（C）Thisapplepieissosweet,don,tyouthinkso?（山东卷）.Ithinkit,sjustright,actually.A.NotreallyB.IhopesoC.SoundsgoodD.Nowonder（八）【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Wh

26、enIgotonthebus,I（realize）Ihadleftmywalletathome.（山东课改卷）10. sensen.感官；感受；意识；理解力；判断力；见识；通情达理；理智;心智；意思；意义；Vt感觉到；察觉到【原句再现】He,ssensitiveandratherserious,whichsometimesmakeshimappeartobealittlebookish.【词块积累】sensitiveadj.善解人意的；体恤的敏感的；易受他人影响的senselessadj.失去知觉的；无意义的；不明智的sensibleadj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的fallsenseless

27、失去知觉asenselessargument无意义的争论asensibleanswer/option明智的回答/选择asensibleincreaseintemperature温度的明显上升ahighlysensitivetopic高度敏感的话题灵敏的thesenseofsight/hearing/taste/touch视/听/味/触觉asenseofloss/responsibility失落感/责任感asenseofdirection/rhythm/humor方向/节奏/幽默感commonsense常识amanofsense通情达理的人cometoonessenses恢复理性；苏醒loseo

28、nessenses失去理智inasense从某种意义上说innosense决不makesense讲得通；有道理；合乎情理makesenseof弄懂.的意思thereisnosensein（doing）sth（做）某事是没道理的【精品例句】Hegetsagreatsenseoffulfillmentfromhiswork.他从工作中获得了极大的成就感Theresalotofsenseinwhatshesays.她说的话很有见地HetriedtomemorizethesenseofeverywordandPhraSe.他试图记住每个词语的意思Hewritesstoriesallthetime,so

29、inasense,he,sawriter.他总是在写故事，因此从某种意义上说，他是个作家InnosensedoIagreewiththissuggestion.我决不赞成这个建议。Thehotelwasinnosensecomfortable.这家酒店一点儿也不舒适。（温馨提示：innosense用于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense-somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.提前这么久做计划没有意义，许多事情到第二年可能都已经变了Canyoumakeanysenseofthisarticle?你能看懂这篇

30、文章吗？There,snosenseingettingupsetaboutitnow.现在没有必要为这件事烦恼Thedeersensedthedangerandranintothewoods.小鹿察觉到危险，跑进了树林Hedidnotappeartobesensibleofthedifficultiesthatlayahead.他看上去并没有意识到面前的困难Theresnodoubtthattheconsumersarestillverysensitivetotheprice.毫无疑问，消费者仍然对价格十分敏感【高考链接】See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!I

31、tdoesn,tsensetobuythecheapestbrandofComputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(天津卷)A.haveB.makeC.displayD.bring(B)Dogshaveaverygoodofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.(浙江卷)A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea（八）3. Whatstheofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan,teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?(福建卷

32、)A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion（八）4. Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmoreto,andmoreeasilytroubledby,emotionalandrelationshipproblems.(江苏卷)A.comfortableB.addictedC.availableD.sensitive(D)【考点训练】IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary-hehasaprettygoodofdirection.A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense(D)ILg

33、enerousadj.慷慨的；大方的【原句再现】She,susuallyveryshy,butshe,sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.【词块积累】generosityn.慷慨；大方generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地begeneroustosb.对.慷慨begenerousWith在.上慷慨/大方(反义词组：bemeanwith.)Itisgenerousofsb.todosth.某人慷慨做某事【精品例句】Sheisalwaysverygeneroustothekids.她对小孩总是很慷慨Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhich

34、Iwasgrateful.他十分慷慨地给与我时间，我为此非常感激Itwasgenerousofyoutoshareyourfoodwithme.你把食物分给我吃，真是慷慨啊Icouldnthavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段艰难时光【高考链接】Hedidn,tselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Instead,hemadeacontributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercialB.gen

35、erousC.comparableD.profitable(B)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Theoldmanofferedthepoorchildrenallhismoney(generous).(generously)12. hesitatevi.迟疑，犹豫；踌躇；顾虑【原句再现】She,susuallyveryshy,butshe,sgenerousandneverhesitatestohelp.【词块积累】hesitationn.踌躇；犹豫withouthesitation亳不犹豫hesitateabout/over.就犹豫不决hesitateto

36、dosth.犹豫做某事【精品例句】Hehesitatedbeforehereplied.回答前，他犹豫了一下Ihesitatetotellyouthetruth.我不大想告诉你真相Ifyouneedanyhelp,don,thesitatetocallus.要是你需要帮助，随时给我们打电话Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.她对到底选择这两件衣服中的哪一件犹豫不决Iacceptedthejobwithouthesitation.我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作【高考链接】Weareatyourservice.Don,thesitat

37、e(turn)tousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.(福建课改卷)(toturn)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Theystillhesitatedgoingabroad.(about/over)13. assistancen.帮助，援助【原句再现】InChina,volunteersarealsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection,disabilityassistanceandmanyotherfields.【词块积累】assistvt.&vi.帮

38、助；协助assistant。.I助手；副手；助理；店员；adj.助理的；辅助的anassistantmanager/director助理经理/主任ateaching/shopassistant助教/店员medical/technicalassistance医疗援助/技术支持giveofferprovideassistancetosb.帮助某人【精品例句】WerelookingforpeopleWhowouldbewillingtoassistin/withthegroupswork.我们正在寻找顾意帮助该小组工作的人Withtheassistanceofhisbrother,hesoldone

39、painting.在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画Canwebeofassistanceinanyway?我们能帮上什么忙吗？辨析：assist,help,aid三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同assist侧重“协助、助理”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。Anurseassistedthesurgeonduringtheoperation.一位护士在手术中协助外科医生help指给予各方面帮助。Iwillhelpyou(to)finishthehousework.我来帮助你做完家务aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难Sheisalwaysaidingthestudentwi

40、thmoney.她一直在资助那个学生【高考链接】IswamtoDadquicklyandassistedhim(climb)ontotheboat.(重庆课改卷)(inclimbing/toclimb)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Sheisanexcellent(assist)manager.(assistant)14. achievementn.成绩；成就【原句再现】1.ater,Wintonreceivedvarioushonoursforhisachievement,includingaknighthoodin2003.andtheCzechgove

41、rnmentshighesthonor,theOrderoftheWhiteLion,in2014.【词块积累】achievevt.取得；完成；实现achievesuccess取得成功achieveone,sgoal/dream实现目标/梦想greatscientificachievements伟大的科学成就asenseofachievement成就感【精品例句】Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.为了实现我的学习目标，我曾尝试过一些有效的方法Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.没有人不努力

42、就有所成就Hehadachievedwhathethoughtwasimpossible.他做成了自己以为不可能的事Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.他是位优秀律师，具有好的头脑和取得成功的决心Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.看见亲手种下的一排排树，我们大家都有一种成就感HewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinPhySiCS.他因在物理学上的成就而获奖【高考链接】1.ucyhas

43、allofthegoalsshesetforherselfinhighschoolandisreadyfornewchallengesatuniversity.(湖南课改卷)A.acquiredB.finishedC.concludedD.achieved(D)【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Wealltakeprideinhis(achieve)inmath.(achievements)15. treatmentn.治疗；疗法；对待【原句再现】In1969,(TilYouyou)workedastheleaderofaresearchteamaimingto

44、discoveratreatmentformalaria.【词块积累】treatvt.对待，看待；医疗，治疗；处理；招待，款待treatsbsth.as把看作treatsb.to用招待某人；以款待某人fair/specialtreatment公平对待/特殊处理undermedicaltreatment正在接受治疗【精品例句】Treatotherpeopleasyouhopetheywilltreatyou.你希望别人如何对待你，你就如何对待别人Allvisitorstothisvillagearetreatedwithkindness.到这个村子的所有游客都受到善待Ireallycan,tun

45、derstandyoutreatingherlikethat.我真不明白你为何那样对她Goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits.好的公众演讲训练应该把你当做一个有着个人习惯的特殊个体来对待Don,tworryaboutthecost;lltreatyou.别担心费用，我请客Sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofchocolates.她离开了医院，并给自己买了一盒巧克力糖吃Fistaidisaveryimportantfirstst

46、epinthetreatmentofburns.在治疗烧伤过程中，急救处理是非常重要的第一步【高考链接】Youngpeopleshouldalwaystreattheeidersrespect.（陕西卷）（with）【考点训练】在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Wouldyoupleasetreatmeeggs?（to）本单元其他重要考点16. lookacross.（目光）扫过Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.（教材）Afterhelpingcleanthewindow,helookedacrosstheroo

47、mtoseeiftherewasanythingelsehecoulddo.17. turnout出席，参加；生产，制造；证明是，原来是Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.（教材）Thefactoryturnsout900carsaweek.Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.18. makeone,sdreamareality=achieveone,sdream=one,sdreamcometrue=turnone,sdreamintore