美国总统25 西奥多·罗斯福.docx

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1、美国总统25西奥多啰斯福TheodoreRoosevelt:Energeticplaystopmutemaxvolume00:0010:43repeatByKellyJeanKelly20August,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutTheodoreRooseveltzthe26thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.51VATheodoreRooseveltin1903byJohnSingerSargentManyAmericansliketocallhimTedd

2、yRooseveltorevenT.R.ThesenicknamesforthepresidentshowthatRooseveltwas,ingeneral,popularwiththepublic.HeisoneofthefourpresidentswhosefacecanbeseenonMountRushmorezamemorialtofamousU.S.leaders.HistoriansnotethatRooseveltsterminofficemarksthebeginningofthemodernpresidency.Inotherwords,heexpandedtheposit

3、ion,andusedthemediatoconnectwiththepublic.AmongAmericans,hispublicimageisoftenlinkedtoyouth,energy,strength,courage,andplayfulness.Buthisimagehasalsobeenlinkedtoastronglikingformilitaryaction-andforoneself.EarlylifeTheodoreRooseveltisalsooftentiedtotheAmericanWest,buthewasbornandraisedontheEastCoast

4、,inNewYorkCity.Hisfatherwasawealthybusinessman.HismotherwasfromaSouthernplanterfamilythatownedslaves.TheodoreRoosevelthadtwosistersandabrother.Hisfamilycalledhimbyanothernickname:Teedie.WhenhewasaboyzyoungTheodorewasoftensick.Hehadasthma,alungconditionthatcouldmakephysicalactivitydifficult.So,ashego

5、tolder,Rooseveltstrengthenedhisbody.Fortherestofhislife,hestronglybelievedinphysicalexerciseandvigorousactivity-whathecalledthestrenuouslife.YoungRooseveltalsohadhungerforlearning.Hestudiedwithprivatetutors,traveledoverseas,andstudiedmanysubjectswhileincollegeatHarvard.Afterhiscollegeyears,hestudied

6、lawbriefly,andthenbeganservinginpublicofficeinNewYork.Buttragedyhaltedhisearlygovernmentservice.RoosevelthadmarriedAliceHathawayLee,whosoonbecamepregnant.ButtwodaysafterthebabywasbornzRoosevelfswifediedofkidneydisease.Andzasithappened,Rooseveltsmotherdiedonthesameday,inthesamehouse.ShesufferedfromBr

7、ightsDisease,anotherdisorderaffectingthekidneys.Thefuturepresidentwasstruckbygrief.HelefthisbabydaughterwithhissisterandwenttotheAmericanWest.There,Rooseveltlivedasacowboy-hunting,ridinghorses,takingpartincattledrives,andevenchasingpeoplewhobrokethelaw.TheexperiencehelpeddefineRooseveltslifeandbelie

8、fs.ButaftertwoyearszhewasreadytoreturntotheEastCoast.There,hemarriedEdithKermitCarow,awomanhehadknownsincechildhood.TheysettledinahouseonLongIsland,NewYorkandraisedRooseveltsdaughter,Alice.HeandEdithalsohadfiveotherchildren.HisfamilysupportedRooseveltsriseinRepublicanPartypolitics,includinghiscampai

9、gntobecomegovernorofNewYork.ButsomeofthepartyofficialswerenothappywithRoosevelt.Theydidnotlikehisindependence,andtheydidnotwanthimtobere-electedasgovernor.SoztheyplottedtohavehimnominatedasU.S.vicepresidentintheelectionof1900.TheybelievedRooseveltwouldnotbeabletogivethemmuchtroubleinthatposition.Ast

10、heRepublicanleadershoped,Rooseveltandthesittingpresident,WilliamMcKinley,wonboththepopularandelectoralvoteinalandslide.Butlessthanayearlater,McKinleywasdead.Andwiththat,Republicanleadersfoundthatthemantheywantedtogetoutoftheirwaywasnowthecountrys26thpresident.PresidencyWhenhebecamepresident,Roosevel

11、twasonly42yearsold.Heisstilltheyoungestpersontoholdthatoffice.Atfirst,RooseveltpromisedtocontinuethepoliciesofMcKinIeyzwhowaszafterallzthepresidentvotershadre-elected.ButRooseveltquicklyputhisownmarkonthepresidency.Heisknownfortryingtobalancetheneedsofmanygroupsinsociety,includingbusinessowners,farm

12、ersandworkers.RooseveltcalledhisprogramtheSquareDeal.Inotherwords,hesuggestedthateveryonewastreatedfairly.However,someAmericansobjectedtoRooseveltreducingthepowerofbigbusinesses.Theysaidhisuseofgovernmentrules,ingeneral,didnotletmarketforcesoperatefreely.Rooseveltisalsoknownforprotectingthenationswi

13、ldernessareas.Hesetasidemorethan800,000squarekilometersoflandtoprotectnatureandwildlife.Inhisforeignpolicy,Rooseveltwasenergetic.HehelpedPanamawinindependencefromColombiainordertostartbuildingthePanamaCanal.HealsodefendedandevenaddedtotheMonroeDoctrine,anideafromthepresidencyofJamesMonroe.Rooseveltc

14、onfirmedthattheUnitedStateswouldbarEuropeanpowersfrominterveninginSouthAmerica.And,morethanthat,thattheU.S.wouldpolicetheWesternHemisphereandmakesurethatcountrieshonoredtheirinternationalobligations.Inotherwords,RooseveltbelievedtheUnitedStateshadtherightandresponsibilitytobeaworldpower.Ifdiplomatic

15、negotiationsdidnotwork,hewasnotafraidtothreatentheuseofforce.Hefamouslysaid,Speaksoftlyandcarryabigstick;youwillgofar.VotersapprovedofRooseveltsactions.Or,atleasttheyenjoyedhisleadership,andhisyoungfamilythatplayedallovertheWhiteHouse.In1904zRoosevelteasilywonthepresidencyinhisownright.Heisthefirstv

16、icepresidentwhotookpowerafterthedeathofasittingpresidenttoearnhisownterm.1.egacyAlthoughhewaspermittedtoseekanothertermaspresident,Rooseveltpromisednotto.HelefttheWhiteHousein1909zstillaveryyoungman.Forawhile,hetraveledoverseas.Butwhenhereturnedhome,hedidnotlikethedirectionthenewpresidentandtheRepub

17、licanPartywasgoing.SoRooseveltcreatedanewpoliticalgroup,calledtheProgressiveParty-or,assomecalledit,theBullMooseParty.Notsurprisingly,thetermbullmoosewasmeanttosuggestRooseveltandhisanimal-likestrength.Althoughheearnedmanyvotes,Rooseveltdidnotwinthe1912election.Instead,hesplitthevotesoftheRepublican

18、Party,andpermittedaDemocrattowinthepresidency.Rooseveltseffortswerenotentirelylost,however.Laterpresidents-includingFranklinRoosevelt,HarryTrumanzJohnKennedy,andLyndonJohnson-usedmanyofhisideasforreform.And,majorU.S.politicalpartiestodayoftenfindlessonsfromRooseveltspresidencytheyadmireorsupport.Bot

19、hDemocratBillClintonandRepublicanGeorgeW.BushsaidTheodoreRooseveltwasoneoftheirrolemodels.Intheyearsafterthe1912election,Rooseveltremainedactive.Hetraveled,campaigned,andcontinuedtotrytoinfluencepoliticsfromhishomeinNewYork,wherehediedunexpectedlyinhissleepatage60.Onepublicofficialobserved,Deathhadt

20、otakeRooseveltsleeping,forifhehadbeenawake,therewouldhavebeenafight.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStorynickname-n.anamethatisdifferentfromyourrealnamebutiswhatyourfamilyandfriendscallyouwhentheyaretalkingtoyouoraboutyouvigorous-adj.d

21、onewithgreatforceandenergystrenuous-adj.requiringorshowinggreatenergyandeffortgrief-n.deepsadnesscausedespeciallybysomeonesdeathlandslide-n.anelectioninwhichthewinnergetsamuchgreaternumberofvotesthantheloserobligation-n.somethingthatyoumustdobecauseofaIawzrule,promise,etc.inhisownright-n.becauseofhisownefforts,talent,etc.,andnotbecauseofhisconnectionwithsomeoneelselesson-n.somethinglearnedthroughexperience