美国名人 画家 温斯洛·霍默.docx

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1、美国名人画家温斯洛霍默WinslowHomer:AmericasPainterplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:14repeatByMarioRitter2006-3-4(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleInAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutWinslowHomerzconsideredtobethegreatestAmericanartistofthenineteenthcentury.Homercreatedpicture

2、sthatshowedtherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.Thestrong,clearimageshedrewandpaintedmatchedthewild,developingandproudUnitedStatesofthelateeighteenhundreds.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WinslowHomerwasthesecondofthreesonsofHenriettaBensonandCharlesSavageHomer.HewasborninBoston,Massachusettsineighteenthirty-sixan

3、dgrewupinCambridge.Hisfatherwasanimporteroftoolsandothergoods.Hismotherwasapainter.Winslowgothisinterestindrawingandpaintingfromhismother.Buthisfatheralsosupportedhissonsinterest.Once,onabusinesstriptoLondon,CharlesHomerboughtasetofdrawingexamplesforhissontocopy.YoungWinslowusedthesetodevelophisearl

4、yskill.VOICETWO:WinslowsolderbrotherCharleswenttoHarvardUniversityinCambridge.ThefamilyexpectedWinslowwouldgo,too.But,atthetime,Harvarddidnotteachart.SoWinslowsfatherfoundhimajobasanassistantinthetradeofmakingandpreparingpicturesforprintedmedia.Atagenineteen,Winslowlearnedtheprocessoflithography.Thi

5、sworkwastheonlyformaltrainingthatWinsloweverreceivedinart.VOICEONE:Winslowdidthisworkforabouttwoyears.Thentheyoungmandecidedtobecomeanindependentillustrator,someonewhomakesdrawingsandpicturesforaliving.HeworkedinBostonforafewyears,drawingillustrationsforstoriesinseveralnewspapers.Healsodidworkforama

6、gazinethatwasdifferentfromanyotherofthetime.HarpersWeekly,inNewYorkCity,neededgoodillustrationsandhadlotsofspaceforthem.TheyoungWinslowbegantoestablishhimselfasanartistindemand.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty-nine,WinslowHomermovedtoNewYorkCitytoworkforHarpersWeekly.Homeralsostartedtopaintseriously.Hehoped

7、togotoEuropetostudypainting.But,somethingwouldintervenethatwouldchangethedirectionofWinslowHomersartisticwork.HarpersmagazinewouldsendhimtodrawpicturesofthebiggesteventinAmericanhistorysinceindependence.ItwastheCivilWarbetweentheUnionandtherebelsouthernstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WinslowHomerwenttoWashin

8、gton,D.C.,ineighteensixty-one.HedrewpicturesofthecampaignofUnionArmyGeneralGeorgeMcClellanthenextyear.Hispicturesofthewarshowedthemanywaysthatconflictsaffectpeople.Inoneillustration,heshowedUnionsoldiersonhorsesadvancingheroically.TheSouthernConfederatesoldiersareshownforcedunderthefeetofthehorses,w

9、hilethehorsemenholdtheirswordshigh.TheillustrationiscalledTheWarfortheUnion,EighteenSixty-Two-ACavalryCharge.VOICETWO:Inanotherfamousillustration,TheArmyofthePotomac-ASharp-ShooteronPicketDutHomershowedadifferentsideofwar.Asoldiersittinginatreeisholdingarifle.Heisaimingatatargetfarinthedistance.Many

10、criticssaythepictureshowsthecold,mechanicalnatureofwarfare,bringingdeathtotheunsuspecting.WinslowHomeralsomadeafamouspaintingcalledHome,SweetHome.Itshowstwosoldierslisteningtomusicplayedbymilitarymusicians.ThiswascommonduringtheCivilWar.Attheendoftheday,musiciansonbothsideswouldplaytoraisethespirits

11、ofsoldiers.OftentheywouldplaythesongHome,SweetHome.HomerpaintedtwoUnionsoldierspreparingameal.Themusiciansareinthedistance.Thetwosoldiersappeartobestoppedinthemiddleoftheirpreparationsbythoughtsofhomeandfamily.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CriticswidelypraisedHomersworkduringtheCivilWar.Hisworkgainedhimmembership

12、inwhatisnowcalledtheNationalAcademy.Onepainting,PrisonersfromtheFront,waschosentorepresenttheUnitedStatesattheExpositionUniverselle.ThiseventwasheldinParis,Franceineighteensixty-six.HomerwenttoEuropeforthefirsttime.However,littleisknownabouthisstayinEurope.VOICETWO:ThenextmajorchangeinWinslowHomersl

13、ifewasadecisiontoworkinanewmedium.Untilnow,Homerhadusedoil-basedpaints.Colorfulsubstancesaremixedwithoil.Thesethickpaintscanbespreadinlayers,oneoveranother,toproduceinterestingeffectsoflightandcolor.Oilpaintsareusuallyputoncanvascloth.Mostpeopleconsideroilpaintingseriouspainting.Butinthesummerofeigh

14、teenseventy-three,Homerbeganusingwatercolorpaint.VOICEONE:Watercolorpaintiscolor,orpigment,dissolvedinwater.Thepaintisthin.Sometimesyoucanseethroughthepainttothepaperunderneath.Watercolorpaintcanbeusedtocolordrawingsorbyitself.Itisamuchfastermediumthanoilpainting.Butitisadifferentanddifficultskillto

15、learn.Homersdecisiontousewatercolormayhavebeenconnectedwithanothermajordecision.Twoyearsafterhestartedusingwatercolor,hestoppedillustratingformagazineslikeHarpers.Indoingso,heendedagoodwaytoearnaliving.Instead,hedecidedtomakealivingonlyfromsellinghispaintings.Hewascompletelyindependent.Justashesaidh

16、ealwayswantedtobe.VOICETWO:OneofHomersbestpaintingsfromthisperiodiscalledBreezingUp,Itwasshownforthefirsttimeineighteentherudder,whichcontrolsthedirectionoftheboat.Thetwootheryoungerboysholdonfortheride.BreezingUp*isconsideredoneofHomersfinestpaintings.Today,itispartofthepermanentcollectionoftheNati

17、onalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthelateeighteenseventies,expertssayHomerexperiencedsomekindofcrisis.Before,hehadbeenaverysocialperson.Butafterthisperiod,hewithdrewfromsocialactivities.Somecriticssayhehadanunhappyrelationshipwithawoman.Whateverchangedhim,Homermusthavefeltaneedtoesc

18、ape.HetraveledtoBritainineighteeneighty-one.HespentmostofhistimeinthefishingvillageofCullercoatsznearNewCastle.Therehepaintedmanypicturesoflifeandeventsonandnearthesea.VOICETWO:HomerreturnedtotheUnitedStatesthefollowingyear.HesettledinProutsNeck,Maine.Hewouldcallithomefortherestofhislife.Hisbrothers

19、,ArthurandCharles,bothownedhousesthere.ItappearedthatHomerwithdrewfromsociallife.HeavoidedvisitsfrompeoplewantingtomeetAmericasgreatestlivingpainter.ButHomerslaterlifewasalsofilledwithtravel,whichprovidedsubjectsforhispaintings.Hevisitedwarmplaces-Bermuda,theBahamas,CubaandtheAmericanstateofFlorida.

20、Hemadeseveraltripstofishandtopaint.Intheseplaces,heusedbrightwatercolorpaints.VOICEONE:HomeralsospenttimeintheAdirondackMountainsinNewYorkState.Therehefoundrichsubjectmatterinthepeople,huntersandwildlifeofthearea.Butnow,anewsubjectbecamemoreimportantinhiswork.Ashegrewolder,Homerincreasinglypaintedsu

21、bjectsfacingdeath.OneofHomerslastpaintingsiscalledRightandLeft.Itshowstwoducksthathavejustbeenshotbyahunterastheyflyabovethesurfaceofawideexpanseofwater.Thepaintingisnamedforahunterstrick.Itdescribeshowahuntercanusebothbarrelsofashotguntobringdowntwobirdsveryquickly.Inthepainting,thewaterandskyaregr

22、ey.Itisveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoulookcarefullyatthepainting,youcanseetwosmallpointsofthecolororange.Lookingcloserstill,youcanseethatoneisasmallpartofarisingsun.Theotherismoresurprising.Itisthefiringoftheshotgun.Almosthiddenbehindoneofthefallingducksistheboatcarryingthehunter.Here,Homerdidsomethingv

23、eryunusual.Theobserverofthepaintingisdirectlyinthelineofgunfire.VOICETWO:WinslowHomerdiedatProutsNeck,Maine,innineteenten.HewasfirmlyestablishedasAmericasgreatestpainterofthetime.YoucanseemanypaintingbyWinslowHomeronlineattheNationalGallerysWebsite,www.nga.gov.ClickonSearchandenterthenameWinslowHomer.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyMarioRitter.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.