美国名人 作家 威廉·福克纳 （2）.docx

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1、美国名人作家威廉福克纳（2）WilliamFaulkner,Part2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByCynthiaKirk2004-12-11(THEME)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wefinishthestoryofthewriterWilliamFaulkner.HecreatedanareaandfilleditwithpeopleoftheAmericanSouth.(THEME)V

2、OICEONE:Innineteen-forty-fivezallseventeenbooksWilliamFaulknerhadwrittenbythenwerenotbeingpublished.Someofthemcouldnotbefoundeveninstoresthatsoldusedbooks.ThecriticMalcolmCowleysays,Faulknersearlynovelshadbeenpraisedtoomuch,usuallyforthewrongreasons.Hislaterandinmanywaysbetternovelshadbeencriticized

3、orsimplynotread.Eventhosewholikedhisbookswerenotalwayssurewhathewastryingtosay.Faulknerneverexplained.Andhedidnotgiveinformationabouthimself.Hedidnotevencorrectthemistakesothersmadewhentheywroteabouthim.Hedidnotcarehowhisnamewasspelled:withorwithoutau.Hesaideitherwaywasallrightwithhim.Oncehefinished

4、abookhewasnotconcernedabouthowitwaspresentedtothepublic.Sometimeshedidnotevenkeepacopyofhisbook.Hesaid,IthinkIhavewrittenalotandsentitofftobeprintedbeforeIrealizedstrangersmightreadit.VOICETWO:Innineteen-fort-sixzMalcolmCowleycollectedsomeofFaulknerswritingsandwroteareportabouthim.Thecollectionattem

5、ptedtoshowwhatFaulknerwastryingtodo,andhoweachdifferentbookwaspartofaunifiedeffort.CowleyagreedthatFaulknerwasanunevenwriter.Yetzhesaid,theunevennessshowsthatFaulknerwaswillingtotakerisks,toexplorenewmaterial,andnewwaystotalkaboutit.Innineteen-twenty-nine,inhisnovelSartoris,Faulknerpresentedalmostal

6、ltheideashedevelopedduringtherestofhislife.Soonafter,hepublishedthebookhelikedbest,TheSoundandtheFury.ItwasfinishedbeforeSartoris,butdidnotappearuntilsixmonthslater.VOICEONE:IntalkingaboutTheSoundandtheFury/Faulknersaidhesawinhismindadirtylittlegirlplayinginfrontofherhouse.Fromthissmallbeginning,Fau

7、lknerdevelopedastoryabouttheCompsonfamily,toldinfourdifferentvoices.Threeofthevoicesarebrothers:Benjy,whoismentallysick;Quentin,whokillshimself,andJason,abusinessfailure.Eachofthemfordifferentreasonsmournsthelossoftheirsister,Caddie.Eachhasadifferentpieceofthestory.Itisastoryofsadnessandloss,ofthefa

8、ilureofanoldSouthernfamilytowhichthebrothersbelong.Italsodescribestheprivateideasofthebrothers.Todothis,Faulknerinventsadifferentwayofwritingforeachofthem.Onlythelastpartofthenovelistoldinthenormalway.Theotherthreepartsmoveforwardandbackthroughtimeandspace.VOICETWO:ThestoryalsoshowshowtheCompsonfami

9、lyseemstocooperateinitsfailure.Indoingsothefamilydestroyswhatitwantstosave.Quentin,inTheSoundandtheFuryztriestopressurehissistertosaythatsheispregnantbyhim.HefindsitbettertosaythatabrotherandsisterhadsextogetherthantoadmitthatshehadsexwithoneofthecommontownboysofJefferson.Anotherbrother,Jason,accuse

10、sothersofstealinghismoneyandcausinghisbusinesstofail.Atthesametime,heisstealingfromthedaughterofhissister.MissusCompson,themotherinthefamily,saysofGodsactions:Itcantbesimplytohurtme.WhoeverGodis,hewouldnotpermitthat.malady.VOICEONE:SomeofthepeopleFaulknercreates,likeReverendHightowerinLightinAugust,

11、livesomuchinthepastthattheyareunabletofacethepresent.Othersseemtorunfromonedangertoanother,likeyoungBayardSartoris,seekinghisowndestruction.Thesepeopleexist,Faulknersays,inthatdreamstateinwhichyourunwithoutmovingfromaterrorinwhichyoucannotbelieve,towardasafetyinwhichyouhavenobelief.AsMalcolmCowleysh

12、ows,allofFaulknerspeople,blackorwhite,actinasimilarway.Theydigforgoldaftertheyhavelosthopeoffindingit-likeHenryArmstidinthenovelzTheHamlet.TheybattleandsurviveaMississippifloodfortherewardofreturningtostateprison-asthetallmandidinthestoryOldMan.Theyturnandfacedeathatthehandsofamob-likeJoeChristmasdo

13、esinthenovel,LightinAugust.Theyactasiftheywillsucceedwhentheyknowtheywillfail.(Music)VOICETWO:Faulknersnextbook,AsILayDying/waspublishedinnineteen-thirty.ItissimilartoTheSoundandtheFuryinthewayitiswrittenandinthewayitdealswithloss.AgainFaulknerusesaseriesofdifferentvoicestotellhisstory.Thelossthisti

14、meisthedeathofthefamilysmother.ThefamilycarriesthebodythroughfloodandfireinanefforttogetherbodytoJeffersontobeburied.NeitherAsILayDyingnorTheSoundandtheFurywasagreatsuccess.Faulknerdidnotearnmuchmoneyfromthem.HewasaddingtohisearningsbysellingshortstoriesandbyworkingfromtimetotimeonmoviesinHollywood.

15、Thentoearnmoremoneyhewroteabookfullofsexandviolence.HecalleditSanctuary.Whenthebookwasreadytobepublished,FaulknerwenttoNewYorkandcompletelyrewroteit.Thechangesweremadeafteritwasprinted.SoFaulknerhadtopayforthemhimself.VOICEONE:ThemainpersoninSanctuaryisamancalledPopeye.Heisakindofmechanicalman,aman,

16、Faulknersayszwithouthumaneyes.Faulknersaysheisapersonwiththedepthofpressedmetal.ForFaulkner;Popeyerepresentseverythingthatiswrongwithmodernsocietyanditsconcernwitheconomiccapitalism.Popeyeisacriminal,amanwhomademoneyandhadnothinghecoulddowithit,spenditfor.Heknowsthatalcoholwillkillhimlikepoison.Heha

17、snofriends.Hehasneverknownawoman.InlaterbooksheappearsasamemberoftheSnopesfamily.TheSnopesareagroupofkillersandbarnburners.Theyfearnothing,exceptnature.Theylovenoone,exceptthemselves.Theycheateveryone,eventhedevil.Theyliveinaprivatelandwithoutmorals.YetFlemSnopesendsasthepresidentofthebankinJefferso

18、n.1.ikePopeye,theygaintheownershipanduseofthings,buttheyneverreallyhavethem.FlemSnopesmarriesintoapowerfulfamilybuthiswifedoesnotevenhaveanameforhim.Shecallshimthatman.Faulknersaysthatnothingcanbehadwithoutlove.Loveistheoppositeofthedesireforpower.ApersoninoneofFaulknersstoriessays,Godcreatedman,and

19、hecreatedtheworldforhimtolivein.AndHecreatedthekindofworldhewouldhavewantedtoliveinifhehadbeenaman.Il(MUSIC)VOICETWO:LightinAuguststartswiththesearchbyawoman,LenaGrove,forthemanwhopromisedtomarryher.Thestoryisalsoabouttwopeoplewhodonotfitwithotherpeople.TheyareablackmannamedJoeChristmas,andaformermi

20、nisterJohnHightower,whohaslosthisbeliefinGod.Faulknertiesthethreelevelsofindividualpsychology,socialhistory,andtragedyintoawhole.Innineteen-thirty-six,FaulknerfollowedLightinAugustwithAbsalom,Absalom.Manyconsiderthishisbestnovel.ItisthestoryofJosephSutpen,whowantstostartafamousSouthernfamilyafterAme

21、ricasCivilWar.Itistoldbyfourspeakers,eachtryingtodiscoverwhatthestorymeans.Thereaderseeshowthestorychangeswitheachtelling,andthatthemeaningsarecreatedbyindividuals.Hefindsthatcreatingstoriesisthewayahumanbeingfindsmeaning.Thus,Absalom,Absalomisalsoaboutitself,asaworkofthemindofman.VOICEONE:Faulkners

22、greatwritingdayswereoverbytheendofWorldWarTwo.Neartheendofhislife,Faulknerreceivedmanyhonorsforhiswriting.Thelast,andbesthonor,wastheNobelPrizeforLiteratureinnineteen-fifty.Inaspeechacceptingtheaward,Faulknerspoketoyoungwriters.Itwasatimeofgreatfearsabouttheatomicbomb.Faulknersaidthatherefusedtoacce

23、pttheendofthehumanrace.Hesaidhebelievedthatmanwillnotonlysurvive,hewillrule.Manisimmortal/hesaid,becausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassion,sacrificeandendurance.Thewritersdutyistowriteaboutthesethings.,WilliamFaulknerdiedofaheartattackinnineteen-sixty-two.Hewassixty-fiveyearsold.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThormanandproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)