美国名人 作家 苏珊·桑塔格.docx

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1、美国名人作家苏珊桑塔格SusanSontag:OneofAmericasMostInfluential20th-CenturyThinkersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:57repeatByJiIIMoss2006-3-11(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutawriterwhohelpedinfluencemodernculture.HernamewasSusanSontag.(MU

2、SIC)VOICEONE:SusanSontagwasconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialliberalthinkersintheUnitedStatesduringthetwentiethcentury.Shewroteseventeenbooks.Theyhavebeentranslatedintothirtylanguages.Theyincludenovels,shortstories,essaysandfilmscripts.Shewasalsoafilmmaker;playwrightandtheaterdirector.Andshewasahuman

3、rightsandanti-waractivist.Shewassaidtoownfifteenthousandbooksinherpersonallibraryinherhome.ShewasbornSusanRosenblattinNewYorkCityinnineteenthirty-three.Herfather,JackRosenblatt,wasatraderinChina.SusansmotherspentmostofhertimeinChinawithherhusband.FamilymembersraisedSusanandheryoungersistecJudithzwhe

4、ntheywereveryyoung.WhenSusanwasfive,herfatherdiedoftuberculosis.HermotherreturnedfromChinaandmovedthegirlstoTucson,Arizona.There,MissusRosenblattmetNathanSontag.ThecouplemarriedandthefamilymovedtoLosAngeleszCalifornia.VOICETWO:SusanSontagwasanextremelyintelligentchild.Shecouldreadbyagethree.Shefinis

5、hedhighschoolattheageoffifteen.Twoyearslater,SusancompletedhercollegeeducationattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois.Whileattheuniversity,sheattendedaclasstaughtbyPhilipRieff.Hewasatwenty-eightyearoldexpertonhumansocietyandsocialrelationships.Thetwoweremarriedinnineteenfifty,tendaysaftertheyfirstmet.Sus

6、anwasseventeenyearsold.ThecouplemovedtoBoston,Massachusetts.Innineteenfifty-two,theyhadason,David.Hegrewuptobecomeawriterandtheeditorofhismothersworks.VOICEONE:SusanSontagcompletedtwomastersdegreesfromHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.ThefirstwasinEnglish;thesecondwasinphilosophy.Shealsobeg

7、anadoctorateprograminreligionatOxfordUniversityinEngland.Howevecshenevercompletedthatprogram.SusanandPhilipendedtheirmarriageinnineteenfifty-eight.Severalmonthslater,SusanmovedwithhersontoNewYorkCity.Sheheldseveraljobsteachingatuniversitiesandwriting.VOICETWO:SusanSontagbeganherprofessionallifewriti

8、ngcreativeliterature.Shepublishedherfirstbookinnineteensixty-three.ItwasanexperimentalnovelcalledTheBenefactor.Itexamineddreamsandhowpeoplethink.Fouryearslater;shepublishedhersecondnovel,calledDeathKit.ThestoryincludedsharpcriticismoftheUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWar.Sontagwroteseveralbookso

9、fcreativeliterature.Yet,shebecamefamousforhercriticalessaysthatexamineddifferentkindsofsocialandartisticissues.Shewroteseriousstudiesaboutpopularartforms.Shewroteessaysaboutbooks,moviesandphotography.Shealsowroteessaysaboutsickness.VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-four;shewroteanessaycalledNotesonCamp.Itwas

10、animmediatesuccessthatmadeherfamous.Campisaformofartorpopularculturethatishumorousbecauseitispurposelybad,falseorcommon.Intheessay,Sontagarguedthatapieceofartmaybebadyetconsideredgoodifitcreatesemotionalfeelingsinthepersonlookingatit.Theessayalsoincludedtheideaaboutpopularculturethatsomethingcanbeso

11、baditisgood.NotesonCampisstillwidelyreadtoday.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-nine,SusanSontagwroteTheStyleofRadicalWill.Itexploredmoderncultureincludingdrugs,filmandmusic.Sheoncesaidittookbetweenninemonthstoayeartowriteonethirty-pageessay.Hercollectionofsixessaysaboutphotographyasanartformtookfiveyearstow

12、rite.OnPhotographywaspublishedinnineteenseventy-seven.ItreceivedtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforcriticism.Heressaysexploredthevalueofthephotographicimageandtheactofpicturetakinginmodernculture.Photographs,shewrote,haveshapedhowpeopleseetheworld.Shewrotethatphotographsmakeusunabletosympathizewith

13、humansuffering.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthenineteen-seventies,SusanSontaglearnedshehadbreastcancer.Doctorsdidnotexpecthertosurvive.However,shewentthroughaseriesofdifficulttreatmentsandshesurvived.Herexperiencewiththediseasebecamethesubjectofoneofhermostfamousworks.IllnessasMetaphorwaspublishedinnineteensev

14、enty-eight.Ametaphorisawordorphrasethatusuallymeansonethingandisusedtomeananotherthing.IllnessasMetaphorisacriticalstudyofmodernlife.Sontagarguedthatmodernculturecreatesmythsorstoriesaboutsickness.Shealsocriticizedthelanguagethatpeopleusewhentheytalkaboutsickness-suchasbattlingadiseaseorthewaroncanc

15、er.Sontagfeltthesetermsmadesickpeoplefeelresponsiblefortheircondition.Herbookgavereadersthepowertodemandmoreinformationfromdoctors.Tenyearslater,sheextendedheropinionstothediseaseAIDS.HershortstoryHowWeLiveNowwaspublishedinnineteeneighty-sixintheNewYorkermagazine.HerbookAIDSanditsMetaphorswaspublish

16、edtwoyearslater.Itwasaboutthesocialandpersonaleffectsofthedisease.SusanSontagwasalsopoliticallyactive.Duringthelatenineteeneighties,sheservedaspresidentoftheAmericangroupofaninternationalwritersorganization.Sheledanumberofcampaignstosupportoppressedandimprisonedwritersaroundtheworld.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:

17、Inherlaterlife,SusanSontaggrewtiredofwritingessaysandcriticalstudies.Innineteenninety-twoshewroteahistoricallovestory.Thenovel,calledTheVolcanoLover;spenttwomonthsontheNewYorkTimeslistofbest-sellingbooks.ThestoryisaboutaneighteenthcenturyBritishdiplomatinItaly,hiswifeandherfamouslover.Intwothousand,

18、Sontagwasaccusedofcopyingtheworkofsomeoneelseinherfinalbook,calledInAmerica.Shestronglydeniedtheaccusations,InAmericaisbasedonthelifeofanineteenthcenturyPolishactress.TheactressmovestotheUnitedStatesandtriestoestablishaperfectcommunityinCalifornia.ThenovelreceivedaNationalBookAward.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:P

19、ublicreactiontoSontagswritingswasoftendivided.Attimes,heressaysangeredreaders.Forexample,sheoncepraisedthecommunistsocietiesofCubaandNorthKorea.Yearslater;shedenouncedcommunismasaformofoppression.AftertheterroristattacksagainsttheUnitedStatesintwothousandone,SontagwroteanarticleintheNewYorkermagazin

20、ecriticalofAmericanpolicies.ShewrotethattheterroristattacksweretheresultofsomeAmericanalliancesandactions.Shealsowrotethattheattackersshouldnotbeconsideredweakbecausetheywerewillingtodie.Manypeoplecriticizedthearticle.Sontaglaterapologizedforhercomments.HerlastbookwasRegardingthePainofOthers/publish

21、edintwothousandthree.Itwasalongessayontheimageryofwaranddisaster.OneofherlastpublishedessayswascalledRegardingtheTortureofOthers.ShewroteitintwothousandfourinreactiontothemistreatmentofIraqiprisonersbyAmericansatAbuGhraibprison.VOICETWO:SusanSontagreceivedmanyawardsintheUnitedStatesandfromothercount

22、ries.Israel,GermanyandSpainhonoredherwithawards.Intwothousandfour,twodaysafterherdeath,themayorofSarajevoannouncedthecitywouldnameastreetafterher.ThemayorcalledherawriterandahumanistwhoactivelytookpartinthecreationofthehistoryofSarajevoandBosnia.SusanSontagwasdifferentfromothersocialcriticsandintell

23、ectuals.Sheoftenappearedontelevision.Shemadepublicstatements.Sheappearedinfilmsandinadvertisements.SusanSontagdiedofleukemiainNewYorkCityintwothousandfour.Shewasseventy-oneyearsold.OnecriticpraisedSusanSontagswritingeventhoughhesaidheoftendisagreedwithwhatshewrote.Hesaid,Sheshowedyouthingsyouhadnotseenbefore.Shehadawayofreopeningquestions.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyJillMoss.ImBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.