2024剑桥雅思讲义Table_Completion_Practice_Questions_1_.docx

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1、j E 醐 IELTS ADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsCompletethetablebelow.WriteNOMORETHAN1WORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.AuthorPublicationYearPublishedorWrittenSummaryGalileoGalileiuSidereusNunciusw1.Galileoreportedwhathehadfoundbylookingintothenightskywithatelescope,whichwasthattheMoonwasinfacta2.

2、ofitsown.FrancisGodwin,TheManintheMooneorADiscourseofa3.Thither4.StoryofaSpanishexplorerwhowasstrandedonanislandandfoundawaytouselocalgeesetoenableflightandavisittotheMoon.JohnWilkinsDiscoveryoftheNewWorldintheMoo11hor“ADiscourseTendingtoProvethat,tisProbableThereMayBeAnotherHabitableWorldinthat5.As

3、eriousconsiderationofthepossiblewaysthat6.couldbeachieved.EdgarAllenPoeTheUnparalleled7.ofOneHansPfaalnThestoryofanunemployedworkerinRotterdamwhobuiltaballoon-supportedcarriageandfloatedtothesurfaceoftheMoon.JulesVerne,Fromthe8.totheMoon9.Tellsthestoryof3peopletakingatriptotheMoonwhichrequires10.day

4、s.IELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsAnswerKey:1. 16102. world3. Voyage4. 16385. Planet6. spaceflight7. Adventures8. Earth9. 186510. 3/threeLinktovideotutorial:https:Share.etcloudaDP.comz8uxvZ7mTranSCriPtSource:https:WWWIwanttotellyouastoryaboutstories.AndIwanttotellyouthisstorybecauseIth

5、inkweneedtorememberthatsometimesthestorieswetelleachotheraremorethanjusttalesorentertainmentornarratives.Theyrealsovehiclesforsowinginspirationandideasacrossoursocietiesandacrosstime.Thestorymabouttotellyouisabouthowoneofthemostadvancedtechnologicalachievementsofthemodernerahasitsrootsinstories,andh

6、owsomeofthemostimportanttransformationsyettocomemightalso.Thestorybeginsover300yearsago,whenGalileoGalileifirstlearnedoftherecentDutchinventionthattooktwopiecesofshapedglassandputtheminalongtubeandtherebyextendedhumansightfartherthaneverbefore.WhenGalileoturnedhisnewtelescopetotheheavensandtotheMoon

7、inparticular,hediscoveredsomethingincredible.ThesearepagesfromGalileosbookSidereusNuncius,publishedin1610.Andinthem,herevealedtotheworldwhathehaddiscovered.AndwhathediscoveredwasthattheMoonwasnotjustacelestialobjectwanderingacrossthenightsky,butrather,itwasaworld,aworldwithhigh,sunlitmountainsanddar

8、kmare,theLatinwordforseas.AndoncethisnewworldandtheMoonhadbeendiscovered,peopleimmediatelybegantothinkabouthowtotravelthere.Andjustasimportantly,theybegantowritestoriesabouthowthatmighthappenandwhatthosevoyagesmightbelike.OneofthefirstpeopletodosowasactuallytheBishopofHereford,amannamedFrancisGodwin

9、.GodwinwroteastoryaboutaSpanishexplorer,DomingoGonsales,whoendedupmaroonedontheislandofSt.HelenainthemiddleoftheAtlantic,andthere,inanefforttogethome,developedamachine,aninvention,toharnessthepowerofthelocalwildgeesetoallowhimtofly-andeventuallytoembarkonavoyagetotheMoon.Godwinsbook,TheManintheMoone

10、,oraDiscourseofaVoyageThither,wasonlypublishedposthumouslyandanonymouslyin1638,likelyonaccountofthenumberofcontroversialideasthatitcontained,includinganendorsementoftheCopernicanviewoftheuniversethatputtheSunIELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsatthecenteroftheSolarSystem,aswellasapre-Newto

11、nianconceptofgravitythathadtheideathattheweightofanobjectwoulddecreasewithincreasingdistancefromEarth.AndthatstosaynothingofhisideaofagoosemachinethatcouldgototheMoon.AndwhilethisideaofavoyagetotheMoonbygoosemachinemightnotseemparticularlyinsightfulortechnicallycreativetoustoday,what,simportantistha

12、tGodwindescribedgettingtotheMoonnotbyadreamorbymagic,asJohannesKeplerhadwrittenabout,butrather,throughhumaninvention.Anditwasthisideathatwecouldbuildmachinesthatcouldtravelintotheheavens,thatwouldplantitsseedinmindsacrossthegenerations.Theideawasnexttakenupbyhiscontemporary,JohnWilkins,thenjustayoun

13、gstudentatOxford,butlater,oneofthefoundersoftheRoyalSociety.JohnWilkinstooktheideaofspacetravelinGodwinstextseriouslyandwrotenotjustanotherstorybutanonfictionphilosophicaltreatise,entitled,DiscoveryoftheNewWorldintheMoon,or,aDiscourseTendingtoProvethat,tisProbableThereMayBeAnotherHabitableWorldintha

14、tPlanet.Andnote,bytheway,thatwordhabitable.,Thatideainitselfwouldhavebeenapowerfulincentiveforpeoplethinkingabouthowtobuildmachinesthatcouldgothere.Inhisbooks,Wilkinsseriouslyconsideredanumberoftechnicalmethodsforspaceflight,anditremainstothisdaytheearliestknownnonfictionaccountofhowwemighttraveltot

15、heMoon.Otherstorieswouldsoonfollow,mostnotablybyCyranodeBergerac,withhisnLunarTales.,Bythemid-17thcentury,theideaofpeoplebuildingmachinesthatcouldtraveltotheheavenswasgrowingincomplexityandtechnicalnuance.Andyet,inthelate17thcentury,thisintellectualprogresseffectivelyceased.Peoplestilltoldstoriesabo

16、utgettingtotheMoon,buttheyreliedontheoldideasor,onceagain,ondreamsoronmagic.Why?Well,becausethediscoveryofthelawsofgravitybyNewtonandtheinventionofthevacuumpumpbyRobertHookeandRobertBoylemeantthatpeoplenowunderstoodthataconditionofvacuumexistedbetweentheplanets,andconsequentiallybetweentheEarthandth

17、eMoon.Andtheyhadnowayofovercomingthis,nowayofthinkingaboutovercomingthis.Andso,forwelloveracentury,theideaofavoyagetotheMoonmadeverylittleintellectualprogressuntiltheriseoftheIndustrialRevolutionandthedevelopmentofsteamenginesandboilersandmostimportantly,pressurevessels.Andthesegavepeoplethetoolstot

18、hinkabouthowtheycouldbuildacapsulethatcouldresistthevacuumofspace.So,itwasinthiscontext,in1835,thatthenextgreatstoryofspaceflightwaswritten,byEdgarAIIanPoe.Now,todaywethinkofPoeintermsofgothicpoemsandtelltaleheartsandravens.Butheconsideredhimselfatechnicalthinker.HegrewupinBaltimore,thefirstAmerican

19、citywithgasstreetlighting,andhewasfascinatedbythetechnologicalrevolutionthathesawgoingonallaroundhim.HeconsideredhisowngreatestworknottobeoneofhisgothictalesbutratherhisepicprosepoemEureka,1inwhichheexpoundedhisownpersonalviewoftheCosmographicalnatureoftheuniverse.Inhisstories,hewoulddescribeinfanta

20、sticaltechnicaldetailmachinesandcontraptions,andnowherewashemoreinfluentialinthisthaninhisshortstory,TheUnparalleledAdventuresofOneHansPfaall.ItsastoryofanunemployedbellowsmakerinRotterdam,who,depressedandtiredoflife-thisisPoe,afterall-anddeeplyindebt,hedecidestobuildahermeticallyenclosedballoon-bor

21、necarriagethatislaunchedintotheairbydynamiteandfromthere,floatsthroughthevacuumofspaceallthewaytothelunarsurface.Andimportantly,hedidnotIELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsdevelopthisstoryalone,forintheappendixtohistale,heexplicitlyacknowledgedGodwinsAManintheMoonefromover200yearsearlieras

22、aninfluence,callingit,asingularandsomewhatingeniouslittlebook.Andalthoughthisideaofaballoon-bornevoyagetotheMoonmayseemnotmuchmoretechnicallysophisticatedthanthegoosemachine,infact,Poewassufficientlydetailedinthedescriptionoftheconstructionofthedeviceandintermsoftheorbitaldynamicsofthevoyagethatitco

23、uldbediagrammedintheveryfirstspaceflightencyclopediaasamissioninthe1920s.Anditwasthisattentiontodetail,ortoverisimilitude,ashecalledit,thatwouldinfluencethenextgreatstory:JulesVernesFromtheEarthtotheMoon,writtenin1865.AnditsastorythathasaremarkablelegacyandaremarkablesimilaritytotherealvoyagestotheM

24、oonthatwouldtakeplaceoverahundredyearslater.Becauseinthestory,thefirstvoyagetotheMoontakesplacefromFlorida,withthreepeopleonboard,inatripthattakesthreedays-exactlytheparametersthatwouldprevailduringtheApolloprogramitself.AndinanexplicittributetoPoesinfluenceonhim,Vernesituatedthegroupresponsiblefort

25、hisfeatinthebookinBaltimore,attheBaltimoreGunClub,withitsmembersshouting,nCheersforEdgarPoe!astheybegantolayouttheirplansfortheirconquestoftheMoon.AndjustasVernewasinfluencedbyPoe,so,too,wouldVernesownstorygoontoinfluenceandinspirethefirstgenerationofrocketscientists.ThetwogreatpioneersofliquidfuelrocketryinRussiaandinGermany,KonstantinTsiolkovskyandHermannOberth,bothtracedtheirowncommitmenttothefieldofspaceflighttotheirreadingFromtheEarthtotheMoonasteenagers,andthensubsequentlycommittingthemselvestotryingtomakethatstoryareality.