第14讲虚拟语气.ppt

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1、高考链接 体验考点梳理 精讲要点知识 点拨,第14讲 虚拟语气,高考链接 体验,返回目录,1.（2010高考英语江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused,【答案】B【解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。,返回目录,2.（2010高考英语上海卷）-Sorry,Professor

2、Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh,you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A.must B.mustnt C.should D.shouldnt,【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。,返回目录,3.（2010高考英语浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy.Awould h

3、ave been savedBhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved,【答案】A【解析】原形是：If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy.故选择A。,返回目录,4.（2010高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told,【答案】D【解析】主从句

4、都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用have done的结构，故选D。,返回目录,5.（2010高考英语陕西卷）If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken,【答案】B【解析】主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。,返回目录,might have arrived,6.（2010高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost

5、his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow,【答案】C,返回目录,7.（2010高考英语北京卷）-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died,【答案】D【解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句

6、用would/could/might/should+have done，即D项正确。,返回目录,考点梳理 精讲,返回目录,1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句动词的形式为should/would/could/might+动词原形。例如：If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not,解析：that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。,返回目录,考点一、虚拟语

7、气在条件句中的用法,were,would invite,注意干扰信息！,2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if引导的从句动词用过去完成时主句动词的形式为 should/would/could/might have done。例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining,解析：句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案

8、为A。,注意干扰信息！,3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中动词用一般过去时/should do/were to do，主句动词的形式为should/would/could/might+动词原形。例如：If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.would B.could C.had to D.ought to,解析：句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。,返回目录,虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,在有些虚拟条件句中，主从

9、句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall,解析：句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与

10、过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。,返回目录,考点二、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句,条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理；有be一律变成were,虚拟条件句型,虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。,这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it withou

11、t you.A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed,解析：对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。,返回目录,考点三、含蓄虚拟条件句,without you,虚拟条件不直言，都在上下文中联；要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，,but for要不是,without没有,in the absence of,缺乏时，or else否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则 suppose 假设 providing如果，假设,含蓄条件句,but for要不是,withou

12、t没有,1、在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句中2、在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是：necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：,返回目录,考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气,Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused

13、to.A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what,解析：问句的句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。,虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持两命令，三个建议四要求；It 做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行；,should do/do 型,（strange;important;natural),一个坚持：insist(坚决要求)两个命令：order,command 三个建议：suggest,adv

14、ise,propose 四个要求：demand,require,request,desire,具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+1）动词一般过去时（与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）2）动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）3）would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如：Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow,解析：描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。,考点五

15、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气,Wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层；As if/if only/would rather,时态也要退一层；Its high time that sb did sth.此种形式要记清。,虚拟条件句（if 从句）型,条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理；有be一律变成were,Wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层；As if/if only/would rather,时态也要退一层；Its high time that sb did sth.此种形式要记清。,虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持两命令，三个建议四要求；

16、It 做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行；,虚拟条件不直言，都在上下文中联；要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，,要点知识 点拨,返回目录,虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气（1）在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚持，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend推荐，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。,注意 sugges

17、t,insist等动词不表示建议、要求等解释时，其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气形式。（2）wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式或were对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形,返回目录,5.其他句型中的虚拟语气（1）would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.（2）It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚拟语气在句型“It is

18、(high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should+动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。,（3）if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could+动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！,1.(2011全国卷,32)They _ have arrived at

19、 lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should,2.（2011北京卷,28）Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been,D,A,3.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would

20、be able to give you more help.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying,4.（2011天津卷,15）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A.had come B.was coming C.would come D.would have come,D,C,5.（2011江苏卷,34）I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway

21、official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone _ it.A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen,B,6.（2011福建卷,34）Pity,you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.

22、would have attended,D,7.（2011陕西卷,22）I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone,A,8.（2011江西卷28）We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B.will have put C.would put D.would have put,D,Thank you!,