跨文化交际PPT 7- time.ppt

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1、Chapter 7Nonverbal Communication,Types of Nonverbal Communication（NVC）,Body movementsSpaceTimeTouchVoiceEye contactPhysical Appearance,NVC-Body movements,Physical behaviors such as:Facial movementGesturesPosture,NVC-Personal Space,people regulate intimacy by the use of interpersonal distance and spa

2、ce.Four spatial zones:Intimate(lovers)Personal(friends)Social Public,Edward Hall Father of ICC,Personal Space Scale,NVC-Touch,Touch is often used to indicate the feelings&emotions:Positive negative Patting on ones back:EncouragingThreatening,NVC-Voice,It Consists of tone,语调speed,语速pitch,音高volume,音量l

3、ength of pauses,disfluencies(“um”s,“ah”s),Voice,It tends to be more powerful than language.It affects how others perceive us.,NVC-Eye Contact,Your lips tells me no,but there is eye,Yes in your eye.-Shakespeare,Direct Eye Contact in USA,Informal occasion,such as daily communication:Sexual invitation,

4、Formal occasion,such as conference,class:Attention&interest,NVC-Physical appearance,Physically attractive people generally are perceived betterImportance placed on physically appearance can be very damaging“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”,NVC-Time,Time orientation:It refers to the value or imp

5、ortance placed on the passage of time.3 orientations:PastPresentFuture,Past Orientation(P148),On which is the emphasis placed?,How do people keep the past?,Tradition&wisdom passed down from older generations.,The past is kept alive in history,storytelling,language,music and dance,religious practices

6、 and customs.,Past Orientation,Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮既生瑜何生亮周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打一个愿挨“前所未有”、“前无古人后无来者”、“空前绝后”、“后继有人”、“继往开来”,May 5th in lunar calendar is the Dragon Boat Festival.And the traditional food is Zong-zi.It is said that the chasing of Dragon boat and the food Zong-zi is the true stor

7、y of great poet Qu yuan.,Past Orientation,Time goes like a cycle.Events are circular.Experiences for overcoming obstacles and dealing with problems can be applied to current difficulties.Therefore,elders are shown respect to.,Past Orientation,If you are asked to introduce China to the foreigners,wha

8、t will you say?,China is one typical past-orientated country.Why do we put so much emphasis on the past?Tip:economic system,Map of China,The natural resources and mild climate are fit for the development of agricultural economy.,Map of China,The large rivers and their tributaries facilitate the agri

9、cultural development,Suggested Answer:,In the farming process,the climate and the soil condition play a critical role.Therefore,experience are precious.The experience is generally passed down to the next generation from mouth to mouth.So the respect for the elders came into being.And tradition is st

10、ressed all the time.,Past Orientation,Greece is also past-orientated.Can you name a reason?,Greece holds a long history,which can be dated back to 2,000BC.,Western cultures,They originated from ancient Greek culture,which is closely connected to the sea.,Present Orientation(P149),How do people creat

11、e change?What are good reasons for doing something new?What is most important for them?How do people thing of the past&future?,Present Orientation,How do people create change?,With extraordinary means,What are the reason for doing something new?,overcoming the limitations of the past or surpassing t

12、he accomplishments of the past,Present Orientation(P149),What is most important for them?,current experiences,How do people think of the past&future?,The past is unimportant.The future is vague and unpredictable.foretell,Present Orientation,These people pay relatively little attention to what has go

13、ne in the past and what might happen in the future.These cultures place a major emphasis on spontaneity,immediacy and on experiencing each moment.,Present Orientation,Fate or luck controls their life.Time is cyclical.E.g.:Philippines Central AmericaSouth America,India,Marx said:“there is no history

14、in India.”Time has little to do with their life.关于世界名剧沙恭达罗作者的出生年代，在印度有两种意见，这两种意见之间，相差了1000年。印度人认为时空是循环的，每一次循环称作一次“劫波”，约为432，000万个世俗年。每次“劫波”又分为十四个“期”，每一“期”终了，宇宙再生。Taj Mahal,Future Orientation,What is important?How do they think of future?What are Americans focus and emphasis?How do they think of time

15、?,Future Orientation,What is important?,Tomorrow,What do they think of future?,It will be better.It is concrete&knowable.,Future Orientation(P149),What are Americans focus and emphasis?,focus on the newness of their culture emphasis on rapid change and idea of progress,How do they think of time?,Tim

16、e and money have an equal position.Time is regarded as a material that can be seen and touched.,How do you spend them?,Suppose there is a bank that credits your account each morning with 86,400.every morning it deletes whatever part of the balance you fail to use during the day?What would you do?Dra

17、w out every cent,of course!,Time is money!,Every morning,time credits you with 86,400 seconds.Every night it writes off,as lost,whatever of this you have failed to invest in good purpose.Each day it opens a new account for you.,Time is a material.,Time can be:Bought BabysitterhousekeeperBorrowedCont

18、rolled SavedKilled,Future Orientation,American pace of life is fast because time is so critical.For instance:Fast foodDrive-in bankProcessed food,the America,To Americans,punctuality is a way of showing respect for other peoples time.Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls fo

19、r an apology,and maybe an explanation.People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.,the America,Of course,the less formal the situation,the less important it is to be exactly on time.At informal get-togethers,for example,people often arrive as much as 15 minutes past

20、the appointed time.But they usually dont try that at work.,the America,American regard time as the limited resource,which should be fully used and wisely managed.Therefore,they often read books to learn the efficient ways to manage it.,the America,People use portable notebook and cellphone to write

21、down their time schedule so as to achieve more in the limited time.Franklin:“Do you love life?Then do not waste time,for that is the stuff life is made of.,the America,If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit,they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient.If you just dro

22、p by,you may probably be rejected.Seeing a doctor,meeting friends,the America,Sayings:Never put off till tomorrow what you can do todayTime and tide wait for no manMake hay while the sun shines,Americans Value of Time,We should value time!,We are having a good time!,I am living on borrowed time!,Dyi

23、ng man,Anecdote,President WashingtonHe often invited the members of parliament to dinner in the White House at 4 PM.Once it was the time,he would begin eating,which usually embarrassed the ones that were late.He said:“My chef never asks whether the guests are here or not.”,Americans Time Value,Man is the master of their own time.,In the west,no one can escape the control of time.In fact,all social activities and business activities and even sexual life are controlled by time.,THANK YOU!,