英语课堂语言任务设计:概念与类型.ppt
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1、1,英语课堂语言任务设计,文 旭2013-08-05,2,1.引言,在某中学,有一个女生因为考试没有考好,她的老师当着全班同学的面说:“你的脑子是猪脑吗?怎么这么简单的题目都做错?我看你真的没救了”。那位女生听了这话,当即冲出教室,然后失魂落魄地在马路上行走,甚至连汽车的喇叭声都听不到。结果,她在一个十字路口被一辆小车撞倒在地,在被送往医院的路上停止了呼吸。,3,这个悲剧的导火线是什么呢?就是因为那个老师的语言或话语不恰当。学生的考试考得不好,老师可以批评,但不应该说那些过火的话。如果那位老师能把批评的话说的委婉些,比如私下这么说:“你这次考试考得不怎么好,是不是最近有什么心事啊?这样可不行,
2、要认真学习,希望下次能看到你的进步,其实你还是蛮聪明的”。,4,如果那位老师能这样说的话,那位女生一定能接受老师的批评,并且在接下来的学习中更加努力,那么悲剧就不会发生。,5,著名教育家夸美纽斯说:教师的嘴,就是一个源泉,从那里可以发出知识的溪流。这句话隐含了课堂语言的重要性。我们常见这样的老师,他们的专业知识都很好,但因不善于口头表达,常常使得听众大所失望。这说明课堂语言的恰当使用是开发学生“非智力因素”的一个重要因素。,6,英语教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。但由于英语教师处在西方尤其是英美文化与中国文化相互碰撞的最前沿,因此,在课堂组织、课堂语言的使用以及文化心理等方面都会受到约束或更多
3、的挑战。何以见得?,7,中国英语教师的两难境地,第一,师生在课堂上相互问候、打招呼时,学生应该对教师非常尊重。传统上教师有权惩罚不守纪律或不够努力的学生。可如今,任何形式的体罚都是违法的,教师也不该嘲笑、讥讽或责骂学生。,8,第二,在中国,英语教师往往面临这样的问题:教师应该按照西方文化理念实施英语教学,对待学生非常民主、平等、礼貌、绅士、关心个体需求,还是遵从中国传统,树立教师的权威?这些问题在其他学科的教学中基本上是不存在的,或者是不需要多加思考的。,9,“哲学的全部任务,就是启人思”海德格尔“教育不是灌输,而是点燃火焰”苏格拉底,10,启人思也好,点燃火焰也罢,都需要载体。这个载体当然就
4、是语言。,11,教师的教学就是通过语言、表情、姿态等手段进行的师生间的心灵对话,使双方在相互了解中各自成长。正如苏霍姆林斯基说:学校里的学习不是毫无热情地把知识从一个头脑装进另一个头脑里,而是师生间每时每刻都在进行心灵的接触。,12,教师在课堂上如何组织和实施有效的课堂教学,用语言去启发学生思考,启迪他们的智慧。所有这些都离不开老师的课堂语言设计。因此,作为英语教师,在课堂里我们如何才能成为一位优秀的“语言设计师”呢?这就是我今天的要讲的内容。,13,2.课堂语言的定义,英语教师的课堂语言,顾名思义,就是教师用于进行课堂组织和管理、知识讲解、师生互动时所使用的话语本身,其中主要是英语,也包括母
5、语(如汉语)。它是教学过程中最重要的知识传授和信息传播的媒介和方法。,14,对英语教师而言,课堂语言在大多数情况下是学生理解和学习英语的主要途径,甚至语言本身也是学生学习英语的一个主要来源。,15,在课堂上教师到底如何组织语言能更高效?教师应该十分注意自己在学生面前的言谈,因为我明白也许因为我的一句话会改变学生的命运。这就是教师的话语,用语言去发蒙,用语言去启智;用语言去激励,用语言去引悟;用语言去赞美,用语言去督促。,16,3.课堂语言的类型,要想让课堂生动有趣,实现有效或高效的教学,每一位教师都必须在课前做好精心的涉及,其中课堂语言的设计不容忽视。英语课堂中常用的课堂语言有:,17,(1)
6、一般用语Quiet,please.Please open your books and turn to page 5.Put up your hands if you have any question.Any question?,18,Who wants to have a try?Stop reading.教师使用这样的语言可以引起学生注意,对学生行为起规范作用。一般用在每节课开始或结束时,或在教学过程中起衔接作用。,19,(2)课堂计划用语Today,well pick up a new lesson.Well first study the new words.Then,well st
7、udy the text.After that,you will try to finish the exercises.,20,This morning well have a dictation first.Please take out your pen and a piece of paper.教师运用这些语言可以使学生了解本课堂的教学安排、教学目的和进度,从而由针对性、有条理地跟随教师的教学。,21,(3)授课用语(包括讲语音、词汇、语法、课文、练习时)What is the past form of this verb?This is a verb.It can also be u
8、sed as a noun.What do you think the author wants to tell you?Ill explain the difficult sentences.,22,教师通过这些语言可以将教学信息有条理、有重点地传递给学生,还可以随时通过提问来了解学生对教学内容的理解程度,即使对教学进度或内容的难易程度进行调整,从而使教学活动成为有序而重点突出的过程。,23,当然,我们也可以根据课堂语言的功能进行分类。(1)问候学生和开始上课(Greeting the class and beginning the Lesson)1)问候全班学生(Greeting the
9、class)Good morning/afternoon,everybody/everyone/class.,24,Hello,everyone.How are you?Did you have a good weekend?Hw did you enjoy your weekend?How was your holiday/(vacation)?How did you like the three days off?Did you have a wonderful time?Had a nice weekend?,25,2)问候新班级学生(Greeting a new class)Its a
10、 pleasure to meet you.Im pleased to be with you.its really good to see you.Nice/glad to meet you.,26,3)问候单个学生(Greeting individual students)Hello there,Tom.How are you today,Linda?How are you getting on?How are things with you,John?How is your cough?Are you feeling any better today,John?,27,4)宣布上课(An
11、nouncing the start)1)用陈述句宣布开始上课(Announcing the start with statements)There goes the bell(whistle).Thats the bell.Thats the bell for getting ready.The bell has rung.Its time for class.Its time to begin class.Class begins.,28,2)用问题的形式宣布开始上课(Announcing the start with questions)What is the time by your
12、watch?Are you ready(for class)?Is that the bell?Has the bell rung?Did you hear the bell?,29,Is everybody ready to start?Why dont we begin our lesson?Would you stop talking/chatting?Wont you stop shouting and be quiet?Still remember what we learned yesterday?,30,3)用请求和命令句式宣布开始上课(Announcing the start
13、with requests and commands)Come into the classroom,everybody.Come in and close the door.Lets get down to work.Lets get started.Lets begin.,31,Stop talking/chatting/shouting/laughing,so we can start.Lets begin our lesson now.Attention,everyone!Pay attention,everybody.Settle down now,so we can start.C
14、alm down.Hurry up so that I can start the lesson.,32,Everybody,please take your seat.Dont slam the boor.Shut the door with care.Close the door behind you.No talking bow.Be quiet.Silence,please.Listen carefully.Lets begin a new lesson.Lets begin some warm-up exercises.,33,(2)介绍(Instructions)1)介绍英语这门语
15、言(Introducing the English language)English is a global language or a world language.A good command of the English language is like a pair pf wings for us.You will soon learn that English is a beautiful language.You will find Chinese is very beautiful,too,when you learn English.,34,2)教师的自我介绍(instruct
16、ors self-introduction)You can call Jack.Call me Miss Li.Im Mr Zhang.Im your new English instructor.Im very happy to take up this post.,35,3)介绍新同学(introducing a new student)Can I introduce a new member of the class to you?May I introduce a new comer in our class?May I introduce Xiao Li?Allow me to in
17、troduce a new student.,36,(3)检查出勤情况(checking attendance)Is everyone here?Is everybody present?Who is missing today?Who isnt here today?Who is absent today?,37,Lets have a roll call.I shall check on attendance.I shall take the register.I shall call the register.Whats the matter with Bill today?Whats
18、wrong with Jim today?What happened?Whats wrong/the matter?,38,(4)宣布下课(Closing the lesson)1)课间休息(Taking a break between periods)Lets have a break.Take your break.,39,2)即将下课(approaching the end of the class)Lets do another dialogue before we call it a day.Would you finish this exercise before we take
19、a break?There are three minutes left/to go.We still have three minutes to go.Its about time to finish the class.,40,3)宣布下课(Announcing the end of the class)Thats the bell for dismissal.Thats the bell,everyone.Its time to go.You may leave now.Its about time to stop.Lets stop here today.,41,Thats all f
20、or today.So much for today.Lets call it a day.Class is over.The lesson is over.Class is dismissed.You are dismissed.,42,4)告别(saying goodbye)See you tomorrow.Until next week.Until next time.Its time to say good-bye.Take care.Good-bye.Bye-bye.,43,5)学期结束Thank you for your support during our work togeth
21、er.Many thanks for your cooperation throughout the term.I thank you for your attention.I appreciate your patience during the whole semester.,44,Have fun in English during your vacation.Be happy.Enjoy your vacation.,45,(5)检查课堂练习和布置家庭作业(checking on classroom practice and assigning homework)1)布置课堂练习任务(
22、Assigning classroom practice)This is a period of review and practice.You may do your homework or review what e have just learned.,46,Read the text aloud.Retell the story in groups.2)检查课堂练习(checking on classroom practice)How far have you got?How much is left?Are you finished?Are you done?,47,3)核对答案(c
23、hecking the answers)Lets run a check of your work.Lets go through the exercises.Lets check the answers.Check your work against the reference key.Check your answers against the key.Add up your scores.Count up your points.,48,4)布置家庭作业(assigning homework)I am not going to set any homework for today.Her
24、e is your homework for today.No written work for today.Recite the first paragraph.Learn the whole story by heart.,49,Review what we have learned today.Prepare Lesson five.Do Exercises 1 and 2.Finish this exercise as your home work.Keep a diary in English.Write a composition about 100 words.,50,5)检查和
25、评论家庭作业(Checking and commenting on homework)The deadline for the composition is this coming Friday.Hand in the assignments.Turn in your homework.Show me your homework.Time to check your homework.,51,This is good piece of work.You left out Exercise 2.Im impressed by your work.,52,(6)维持课堂纪律(keeping dis
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