电气工程专外教学.ppt

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1、专业外语,南京工程学院电力系 蒋志平,2007年2月,英译中,中译英,词汇,ApplicationBreaker pole position discordance can occur on the operation of a breaker with independent operating gears for the three poles.The reason may be an interruption in the closing or trip coil circuit,or a mechanical failure resulting in a stuck(卡住的，不能动的)

2、breaker pole.A pole discordance can be tolerated for a limited time,for instance during a single-phase trip-reclose cycle.The pole discordance function detects a breaker pole discordancy not generated by auto-reclose cycle and issues a trip signal for the circuit breaker.,1.Pole discordance protecti

3、on(PD),三相不一致保护（PD）,应用在操作有三相独立操作机构的断路器时，可能会发生断路器位置不一致的情况，可能是由于跳闸线圈回路断线，或是由于机械原因使断路器某一极被卡住。三相不一致可以容许在有限的时间内，例如在单相跳合闸周期内。三相不一致功能检测自动重合闸周期之外产生的断路器三相不一致，并向断路器发出跳闸信号。,FunctionalityThe operation of the pole discordance logic,PD,it based on checking the position of the breaker auxiliary contacts.Three paral

4、lel normally open contacts in series with three normally closed contacts in parallel of the respective breaker poles form a condition of pole discordance,connected to a binary dedicated for the purpose.In addition,there is an automatic detection criterion based on comparison of currents in the break

5、er poles.This function is enabled for just a few seconds after close or trip commands to the breaker in order to avoid unwanted operation in unsymmetrical load conditions.,1.Pole discordance protection(PD),三相不一致保护（PD）,功能特性三相不一致逻辑PD动作基于检查断路器的辅接点位置，由断路器每相的三个常开并辅接点与三个常闭并辅接点串联构成三相不一致检查条件，然后与专用的开关量输入回路相连

6、。另外，有一个自动检测断路器电流的电路，该功能在合闸或跳闸几秒钟后投入，以避免不对称负荷时造成非预期的操作。,2.Breaker failure protection,ApplicationIn many protection applications local redundancy(冗余)is used.One part of the fault clearance system is however never duplicated,namely the circuit breaker.Therefore a breaker failure protection can be used.

7、The breaker failure protection is initiated by trip signals from different protection functions within or outside the protection terminal.When a trip signal is sent to the breaker failure protection fist,with no or a very short delay,a re-trip signal can be sent to the protected breaker.If fault cur

8、rent is flowing through the breaker still after a setting time a back-up trip signal is sent to the adjacent breakers.This will ensure fault clearance also if the circuit breaker is out of order.,断路器失灵保护（BFP）,应用在有多个保护时，采用就地冗余，但是却有一部分故障消除系统从不双重化，即断路器，因此要使用断路器失灵保护。断路器失灵保护由保护终端内外不同保护功能的跳闸信号起动。当跳闸信号送到断路

9、器失灵保护时，先不经延时或经很短的延时向保护断路器发重跳信号。如果经一整定时间后断路器仍流过故障电流，则向相邻的断路器发一个后备跳闸信号，这样即使断路器故障时也能保证清除故障。,2.Breaker failure protection,DesignThe breaker failure protection function is initiated by the trip commands from protection functions placed either inside the same terminal or externally,by connection to approp

10、riate binary inputs.A dedicated input is available for general starting.Three separate functional inputs are also available for single-phase starting.The operate value of the phase segregated current measuring elements is settable within a wide range.Three independent timers t2 are available for pha

11、se segregated breaker failure detection.,断路器失灵保护（BFP）,设计断路器失灵保护功能由同一终端内的保护装置或通过适当的开关量输入装置的外部保护装置的跳闸命令起动。可以有三个独立的功能输入用于单相起动，也有一个专门的输入用于三相起动。分相电流测量元件的动作值可以在很宽的范围内设定，对分相断路器失灵检测，可以有三个独立的定时器t2。,2.Breaker failure protection,An additional timer t1 for retrip command is available.Dedicated setting allows to

12、 enable or disable the retrip or to perform it by current check or not.Retrip to the faulty circuit breaker can be issued single phase or three phases.Special adaptive algorithm(ASD),together with RMS measurement,allow a fast resetting time of the current measuring elements.The current measurement i

13、s stabilized against transients which can cause unwanted operation with saturated current transformers.,断路器失灵保护（BFP）,重跳命令需要带一个附加的延时t1。有一个专用的整定值用于开放或不开放重跳闸，或确定进行重跳或者是否将经过电流检测。重跳故障断路器可以发单相跳令或三相跳令。特殊的自适应算法（ASD-）同RMS有效值测量一道使用，可快速复归电流测量元件的时间，电流测量元件可对由于电流互感器饱和可能会引起误动作的暂态过程进行制动。,3.Distance protection(ZM),A

14、pplicationThe ZM distance protection function provides fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks.For each independent distance protection zone,full scheme design provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-t

15、o-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-to-earth measuring loops.Phase-to-phase distance protection is suitable as a basic protection function against two-and three-phases faults in all kinds of networks,regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.Independent setting of th

16、e reach in the reactive and the resistive direction for each zone separately,makes it possible to create fast and selective short circuit protection in power systems.,距离保护（ZM）,ZM距离保护功能对各种电网中的架空线路及电力电缆提供快速、可靠的保护。对每一独立的距离段，全方案设计对三个独立的相相测量回路及3个独立的相地测量回路分别提供连续测量。相相距离保护适于不考虑中性点处理方式的名种电网中，作为两相故障、三相故障的基本保护

17、功能。对每一段分别在电抗、电阻方向上的独立整定使其作为电力系统中快速、有选择性的短路保护。,3.Distance protection(ZM),Phase-to-earth distance protection serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with directly or low impedance earthed networks.Together with an independent phase preference logic,it also serves as selective protection fun

18、ction at cross-country faults in isolated or resonantly earthed networks.Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-phase and for phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short circuit and earth-fault protection.,距离保护（ZM）,相地距离保护在直

19、接接地或低阻抗接地网络中可作为基本的接地保护功能，加上一个独立的选相逻辑，也可作为隔离接地或谐振接地网络中跨区域故障的选择性保护功能。在用不同保护继电器对短路及接地故障进行保护的电网中，相间及相地测量有独立的电抗设定范围，以保证距离保护有较高的选择性。,3.Distance protection(ZM),The distance protection zones can operate,independently of each other,in directional(forward or reverse)or non-directional mode.This makes it suita

20、ble,together with different communication schemes,for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations,such as double-circuit,parallel lines,multiterminal lines,etc.Zone 1,2and 3 can issue phase selective signals,such as start and trip.Basic distance protection function is

21、generally suitable for use in non-compensated networks.A special addition to the basic functions is available optionally for use on series compensated and adjacent lines where voltage reversals might disturb the correct directional discrimination of a basic distance protection.,距离保护（ZM）,距离保护段可以带方向模式

22、（正方向或反方向）或不带方向模式，彼此独立地动作，对复杂网络结构的电力线路、电缆线路的保护，如双回线、平行线、多端线等，这种特性与不同的通信方案组合在一起使其适宜上述情形。1段、2段、3段可以发选相信号，如起动、跳闸信号。基本距离保护功能通常适用于用在非补偿网络中。也可有一个可选的特殊附加功能，当电压反向使基本距离保护功能不能正确区分串补线路及串补相邻线路的方向时，作为补充功能。,4.Phase selection logic(PHS),ApplicationThe PHS is an independent measuring function.It comprises both imped

23、ance and current-based measurement criteria.Its main purpose is to augment the phase selectivity of the complete distance protection in networks with long and heavily loaded lines.It is generally intended for use in directly earthed networks,where correct and reliable phase selection for single-phas

24、e faults,combined with single-pole tripping and automatic reclosing,secures the stability of complete power systems.,选相逻辑（PHS）,PHS选相逻辑功能为一独立的测量功能，它由阻抗测量判别与电流测量判别组成。主要用于加强长线路重负荷线路网络中整个距离保护的选相性能，常用于直接接地的网络中。在这样的网络中，单相接地故障的正确可靠选相，与单相跳闸、自动重合闸组合在一起保证整个系统的稳定。,4.Phase selection logic(PHS),The independent m

25、easurement of impedance in all fault loops secures a high degree of phase selectivity in complex networks.This independent phase selection,combined with directional measurement for each fault loop,also secures selective operation for simultaneous close-in faults on parallel circuits.Independent reac

26、tive reach settings for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.,选相逻辑（PHS）,六个故障回路的独立阻抗测量保证对复杂网络有高度的选相特性。独立的选相与每个故障回路的方向测量组合在一起，也确保平行线近端同时故障有选择性地动作。对相相、相地测量，独立的电抗范围整定也保证用作网络中短

27、路故障、接地故障的不同保护继电器有高度的选相特性。,Autorecloser(AR),The majority of power line faults are transient in nature,i.e.they do not recur when the line is re-energized following disconnection.The main purpose of the AR automatic reclosing function is to automatically return power lines to service following their d

28、isconnection for fault conditions.To meet the different single,double or 1 and circuit breaker arrangements,one,two,three,or six identical AR function blocks may be provided within a single terminal.The actual number of these function blocks that may be included within any given terminal depends on

29、the type of terminal.Therefore,the specific circuit breaker arrangements that can be catered for,or the number of bays of a specific arrangement that can be catered for,depends on the type of terminal.Especially at higher voltages,the majority of line faults are single-phase-to-earth.Faults involvin

30、g all three phases are rare.The main purpose of the single-and two-pole automatic reclosing function,operating in conjunction with a single-and two-pole tripping capability,is to limit the effect to the system of faults involving less than all three phases.This is particularly valuable for maintaini

31、ng system stability in system stability in systems with limited meshing or parallel routing.,自动重合闸（AR）,大多数线路故障本身都是瞬时性的，即当线路被断开后重新加电时，故障不会重发。自动重合闸功能AR的主要用途是在线路发生故障跳闸断开后使电力线路自动恢复运行。为满足单母线、双母线，3/2断路器接线方式，在一个保护终端内可以有一个、两个、三个或六个相同的AR功能块。某一终端内实际AR功能块数量与终端的类型有关。因此，不同的终端类型可以适应特定的断路器布置方式、适应特定接线方式中不同的间隔数。尤其对高

32、压系统，大多数线路故障为单相接地故障，三相短路很少。单相、两相自动重合闸功能与单相、两相跳闸相配合，主要作用是降低非三相的故障对系统影响。这一点对保持有限线路联络的网状形或平行线连接的系统的稳定特别有利。,电力系统专业英语词汇1,电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 电动机 motor励磁 excitation 励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current 母线 bus 变压器 transformer 升压变压器 step-up transformer 降压变压器 step-down transformer 档位：tap position 空载损

33、耗：no-load loss 空载电流：no-load current 有功损耗：active power loss 无功损耗：reactive power loss 铁损 iron loss 铜损copper loss 输电系统 power transmission system 输电线 transmission line 配电系统 Power distribution system高压:high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 高压侧 high side,电力系统专业英语词汇2,稳定 stability 功角稳定 angle stabili

34、ty 电压稳定 voltage stability 暂态稳定 transient stability 静态稳定 steady stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer 交流 AC(alternating current)直流 DC(direct current)电网 power grid 落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation 高压并联电抗器 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度 margin 故障 fault 三相故障 three phase

35、 fault 分接头：tap 切机 generator tripping 高顶值 high limited value 静态 static(state)动态 dynamic(state)机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance 电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率）active power,电力系统专业英语词汇3,电容器capacitor 电抗器reactor 断路器breaker 电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator 功角power-angle 转子：rotor电压等级voltage grade 有功负载:activ

36、e load 无功负载：reactive load阻抗impedance电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance 电纳：susceptance,电力系统专业英语词汇4,上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit 正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance 无功（功率）reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流 reactive current 斜率 slope 额定

37、rating 变比 ratio 参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT电流互感器 CT,电力系统专业英语词汇5,仿真分析 simulation analysis 传递函数 transfer function框图 block diagram 受电端 receive-side 送电端 sending-side 同步 synchronization异步 asynchronization摇摆 swing 阻尼 damping 无刷直流电机：Brushless DC motor机端 generator terminal断路器 circuit breaker刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolat

38、or（disconnector）接地刀闸 earthing disconnector,电力系统专业英语词汇6,变电站 transformer substation 永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor 异步电机：Asynchronous Motor 三绕组变压器：three-column transformer双绕组变压器：double-column transformer 固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 双回同杆并架 double-circuit lines on the same towe

39、r 单机无穷大系统 one machine-infinity bus system,电力系统专业英语词汇7,励磁电流：magnetizing current电磁场Electromagnetic fields 失去同步 loss of synchronization 装机容量 installed capacity 无功补偿 reactive power compensation并联电容器：shunt capacitor线路补偿器 line drop compensation补偿度 degree of compensation 故障切除时间 fault clearing time 极限切除时间 c

40、ritical clearing time 强行励磁 reinforced excitation下降特性 droop characteristics 下降率 droop rate,电力系统专业英语词汇8,电机学 Electrical Machinery 自动控制理论 Automatic Control Theory 电磁场 Electromagnetic Field 微机原理 Principle of Microcomputer 电工学 Electrotechnics 电路原理 Principle of circuits,电力系统专业英语词汇9,电力系统稳态分析 Steady-State An

41、alysis of Power System 电力系统暂态分析 Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护原理 Principle of Power Systems Relay Protection电力系统元件保护原理 Protection Principle of Power System s Element 电力系统内部过电压 Past Voltage within Power system 模拟电子技术基础 Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique 数字电子技术 Digital Electroni

42、c Technique,电力系统专业英语词汇10,电路原理实验Lab.of principle of circuits 电气工程讲座 Lectures on electrical power production 电力电子基础Basic fundamentals of power electronics 高电压工程High voltage engineering 电子专题实践Topics on experimental project of electronics 电气工程概论Introduction to electrical engineering 电子电机集成系统electronic m

43、achine system 电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control 电力系统继电保护 Power System Relaying Protection,电力系统专业英语词汇11,Electric power system(电力系统)generator(发电机),generation(发电),generating unit(发电机组)thermal units,hydro units,boiler,turbine,turbine-generatorgenerating reserve capacity(发电备用容量),transformer(变压器),tap-ch

44、anging,phase-shifting start-and-stand-by auxiliary transformer(起/备变)transducer(变送器),CT(transformer),PT(potential transformer)DC(direct current),AC(alternating current)three-phase ac system(三相交流系统),voltage,current,frequency,phase angle,power(功率)nominal value(标称值),rating(额定值),per unit valueHV(high vol

45、tage),EHV(extra-high voltage)transmission system(输电系统),distribution system(配电系统)asynchronous motor(),synchronous motor/machinebus,feeder,underground cable,excitation system(励磁系统),field current(励磁电流),prime moverfield winding(励磁绕组),rotor(),stator(),resistance(电阻),resistor,capacitance(电容),capacitor rea

46、ctance(电抗),reactor,conductance(电导),conductor(导体)susceptance(电纳B),impedance(阻抗),admittance(导纳),synchronous condenser(同步调相机),SVC(static var compensator)variable(变量),function(函数),constrain(约束),equationdisturbance(),overload(过载),outage(停电),blackoutshifting(切换),security dispatch(安全调度)generator tripping(切

47、机),load curtailment(削减负荷),load shedding(甩负荷)dynamic performance(动态特性)planning,design,and operation of power systempower system operating states,电力系统专业英语词汇12,电力系统专业英语词汇13,SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)state estimation(状态估计)reliability,stabilityreclosing facilitypermanent phase-to-gro

48、und fault,circuit breaker(断路器),disconnecting switch(隔离开关)electromechanical oscillation(机电振荡)rotating magnetic field(旋转磁场)mechanical torque/power(机械转矩),electrical torque/powerdamping torque(阻尼转矩)automatic voltage regulator(自动电压调节)active power,reactive powerpower flow,load flow,power factorunderload t

49、ap-changing(ULTC)有载调节分接头reactive power compensation(无功补偿),电力系统专业英语词汇14,magnitude(幅值)short-term or transient:0 to 10 secondsmid-term:10 seconds t0 a few minutes long-term:a few minutes to 10s of minutesAGC(automatic generation control)protection,relaying,relaytransformer saturation(饱和)coordination of

50、 control and protection equipmentnonlinear time domain responsepower transfer capacitor of a transmission lineshunt compensation(并联补偿),电力系统专业英语词汇15,Main safety valve(主安全阀)control valve(控制阀)high-pressure(turbine)intermediate-pressure(turbine)low-pressure(turbine)reheater(再热器)intercept valve(截流阀)conde