实用英语写作practicalenglishwriting.ppt

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1、Practice:It is common knowledge that drug abuse leads to harmful consequences.Why then do people-particularly youngsters-continue to use drugs?Psychologists claims that there are three basic motivations that influence people to take drugs:curiosity,stress and environmental factors.,It is common know

2、ledge that drug abuse leads to harmful consequences.Why then do people-particularly youngsters-continue to use drugs?Psychologists claims that there are three basic motivations that influence people to take drugs:curiosity,stress and environmental factors.Sometimes,youngsters take drugs simply becau

3、se they are curious.In some cases,youngsters are depressed or frustrated because of problems related to parents,school or the opposite sex.In other cases,the environment is conductive to taking drugs.,It is common knowledge that drug abuse leads to harmful consequences.Why then do people-particularl

4、y youngsters-continue to use drugs?Psychologists claims that there are three basic motivations that influence people to take drugs:curiosity,stress and environmental factors.Sometimes,youngsters take drugs simply because they are curious.Taking drugs seems to be the“in-thing”for their generation.In

5、some cases,youngsters are depressed or frustrated because of problems related to parents,school or the opposite sex.They take drugs to escape from the stress brought on by all these problems.In other cases,the environment is conductive to taking drugs.For instance,other youngsters take drugs,he may

6、soon be tempted to follow suit,for fear of ostracism or non-acceptance.,Fundamental skills of English WritingHow to design an opening paragraph好的文章开头,要像渔夫用渔饵诱鱼上钩,得把读者的兴趣提得高高的,使之饶有兴趣地跟着你读下去.For example:Can you think of a sentence in which the word“and”appears five times without any words in between?T

7、here is one at the end of this story.There was once an inn which was called“The Horse And Cart”.It had a sign outside the door with a picture of a horse and cart on it,but the sign was getting very old,so the owner of the inn decided to have a new one made.He went to a painter and asked him to paint

8、 one,and to write“The Horse And Cart”on it in large letters.,A few days later,he went to see how the painter was getting on.He liked the picture of the horse and cart very much,but he did not like the writing at all.He said to the painter,”No,no!There is too much space between HORSE and AND and AND

9、and CART!”,开头段的几种形式：.经历以与主题相关的,简短的小故事开始，引起读者的兴趣,这样处理能建立起信任感.My purse strap suddenly left my hand,I turned,and saw the mans back just before he vanished behind a six-foot-high pile of earth across the street.I chased him,screaming,“Stop thief!”What is intelligence,anyway?When I was in the school I re

10、ceived a kind of aptitude test that all students took and,against a normal of 100,scored 160.No one there had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me.But it didnt mean any thing.,2.比喻-生动，引人入胜“Fathers and sons are just like gasoline and matches.Who knows at what ti

11、me they will explode.”Nowadays we can often hear the comments of this kind Habit may be likened to a cable;every day we weave a thread,and soon we cannot break it.A real friend is like a mirror that can help you see any dirt on your face.,3.引用-名人名言，箴言谚语，来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点 Knowledge is power.such is the

12、 remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people.It is no use crying over spilt milk.This proverb advises that it really is a waste of time to weep over mistakes that have already made.Instead,it is much better to Make the best of a bad job-to do your best whatever the situa

13、tion.,4.数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的或令读者感到惊异的数字来说明。这样能给人在这方面有权威的印象,令人信服.According to a survey,about 78.9of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.Of every four school pupils in Shanghai,one is shortsighted.The rate has been rising surprisingly sharply to 55%in middle sch

14、ools,and in high schools it is even as high as 70%.Consider what effect this high rate of eye problem will have upon the future of our society!,5.观点法 文章开门见山，直截了当提出作者对文章要讨论的问题的观点，也即文章的中心思想。Nowhere in the world has the issue of birth control been more evident than in China.The nation is faced with suc

15、h serious situation as the one in which its population is increasing much faster than the supply of food and available resources.Perhaps no issue in this world is as basic to individual and national survival as food.But China in recent years has experienced a serious waste of food in one way or anot

16、her.Especially in many big cities,this waste has become habitual and traditional,to the extent that people are seldom aware of it in their daily life.,6.现象法 对某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章往往在文章一开始首先引出这种现象或问题，然后评论。One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is the tide of the rural flood

17、ing the cities.They complain that the migrants have brought crime and prostitution,that they are putting pressure on population control and social order;that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages;and that they have worsened traffic and sanitation pr

18、oblems.True,these are the problems posed by the migration,but what about the contribution the rural worker have made to the citys development and prosperity?,7.设问：此类主要用于讨论一个有争议性主题的文章。文章的开头用一个要讨论或解答的问题设问，可以一下激起读者的兴趣。How do we think of the heavy burden a student has to carry from kindergarten through

19、graduate school?How do we measure success in education?How does education affect not only labor skills but the quality of life?In seeking answers to such questions,there is much room-indeed necessity-for consideration and robust debate.What is your most enjoyable entertainment?For a majority of peop

20、le,the answer is Television!For television presents a vivid world in front of us.,Rsum(Curriculum Vitae)When you apply for a job,most employers want to have an important document from you.That is a RSUM.Your rsum is usually the first impression that an employer has of you.And because an employer may

21、 have hundreds of job applications to consider,you have about 15 seconds to make sure that first impression is a good one.A rsum is a selective record of your background-your education,work experience,your certification,abilities and so on.Your rsum or CV is your visiting card,your ambassador and sh

22、op window.It represents you and it has a specific purpose.,So a rsum must be attractive,informative,persuasive and pushing sales of yourself.The focus of the rsum assignment is readability,effective design,and adaptation to audience expectations.If you make up a few details in your rsum,we think tha

23、t is okay.However,if you are just starting your college education and have little work experience,try using the techniques and suggestions to create a rsum that represents your current skills,abilities and background.Developing a decent-looking rsum based on what you are now is a challenge that you

24、have to deal with at some points.,The contents of a Rsum:1.heading 2.objectives(career,study)3.educational experience4.work experience5.activities,publications,interests,skills,scholarships,awards6.references,1、personal data(个人情况)：Name,Sex,Date of Birth,Place of Birth,Nationality/citizenship,Marital

25、 Status,Health,Height,Weight,Present Address,Permanent Address,postal code,telephone2、Objective/or Position Wanted(职业意向):A position as English Instructor,3、QUALIFICATIONS(资历):Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration,major in marketing.,4、Job Experience(经历）:一般逆序写（由近及远）。May 2006-Dec.2007 University

26、 of California Press,Berkeley,California May 2005-April 2006 Editorial and Marketing Trainee,California5.Education(文化程度):一般逆序写（由近及远,由高到低），例如：Sept.2004-July 2007 D.Lit.Dept.of English Beijing Foreign Studies UniversitySept.2002-July 2004 M.A.Dept.of English Xiamen University Sept.1998-July 2002 B.A.D

27、ept.of English Huazhong Normal University,6.Technical Qualifications/Special Skills(技术资历与特长)7.Publications and Patents(著作及专利)8.Social Activity(社会活动)9.Honours and Awards(荣誉与奖励)10.Hobbies and Interests(爱好及兴趣)11.References(证明人),The structure of Rsum:1.chronological structure（时序结构）按时间顺序，内容由近及远，工作经验长而稳定，

28、其中不乏骄人的成绩2.functional structure（功能结构）根据要突出和强调的内容的次序来安排，把对申请单位最有吸引力的内容放在最前面，如：骄人的成绩，技能，特长的经历等略写对自己不利的经历binative structure（混合结构）混合时序结构和功能结构，吸取两者的优点，实用性强,Professional Experience and Selected Achievements1999-present Senior Secretary,Marketing Department Baldwin Co.,Ltd.Secretary to two foreign managers

29、,Australian and America.Maintaining schedules,typing and writing letters,translating documents,interpreting in meetings and travel arrangements Preparing and conducting over 15 seminars for multinational companies Authoring training manuals for1993-1998 Consultant,Consultative Department Shao&Smith

30、International Business write training manuals for publication 1986-1992 Assistant Manager,Jack Green Sales Division AGT Co.Ltd.,RsumName:WANG GuangSex:MaleDate of Birth:June 21,1968Place of Birth:GuangzhouNationality:ChineseMarital Status:MarriedAddress:102 Haizhu Street,Guangzhou,510428 China Telep

31、hone:(020)81804587(O)(020)8129588(H),Education:June 1991 BA in Marketing Zhongshan UniversityExperience:,References:,CURRICULUM VITAELIN YINGPERSONAL DETAILS Sex:Female Age:26 Marital Status:Single Health:Excellent,Special Interests:Music,LanguagesActivities:Swimming,basketball,joggingAddress:231 Ba

32、iyun Street,Guangzhou,510443,EDUCATION1993-1995 Graduation Certificate Guangdong Foreign Studies University Secretarial Diploma1990-1993 Senior Middle School of Guangzhou1987-1990 First Middle School of Guangzhou,BUSINISS EXPERIENCE,REFERENCESMs.Huang Lan,Director of General Managers Office,Swan Hot

33、el 128 Xisheng Street,GuangzhouMr.Zhong Chuan,General Manager,Shengli Foods Company244 Guangyuan Road East,Guangzhou,Rsum Personal Details:Name:Wei Xiaomei Nationality:HanBirth date:Feb.8,1980 Sex:FemaleHealth:Good Telephone:027 8751 0211Address:Class0501,Contemporary Chinese Specialty Department of

34、 Chinese Language,Huazhong Normal University,Wuhan 430000Job Objective:reporterEducation:2003-2007 B.A.In Chinese Language at Huazhong Normal University Course completed:History of Chinese Literature,History of World Literature,Chinese Culture,Psychology,Public Relations Science,etc.1997-2003 No.1 M

35、iddle School,Guangzhou,Major Courses Work：Sociology Human RelationsPrinciples of Management Business LawPrinciples of Accounting Effective SpeakingSummer Jobs:Public Relations Department at Baiyun Hotel,Guangzhou,2004 Practicing Reporter,Guangzhou Daily,Guangzhou,2003Special Skills:College English T

36、est Band Four Computer Operation:Word&ExcelReferences:Available upon request,RsumChinese Name:Cai Xiaofen English Name:CathyPermanent Address:502APT Huanghe Residential Area,Hongshan District,Wuhan,ChinaCitizenship:Chinese E-mail address:Objective Seeking admission to graduate program of LawEducatio

37、n 2003-present Wuhan University Major in law 2000-2003 Wuhan No.I Middle SchoolExperience 2001-present Vice-president of Students Union 2000-2001 Editor of University Journal,Qualifications&Honors University Graduation certificate bachelors degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)College English

38、 Test Band 6(2005)TEM-4(Test of English Major Grade 4(2005)Certificate of Advanced Interpretation First prize winner of speech contest Sept.2004 Twice awarded scholarship by 2004&2005 Wuhan University Special Skills Good at public speech&debate Proficient in English Expertise in commercial law and c

39、omputer Word&Excel,Personal Date of Birth:March 7,1986 Sex:female Martial Status:single Citizenship:Chinese Health:excellentReference Jiang Po Li Yang Dean of Law Dept.Professor of English Wuhan University Wuhan University,CURRICULUM VITAENAME:Edward Lee HornbyADDRESS:1/F.,Hang Lung Bank Bldg.46-48

40、Granville Rd.Tsimshatsui,KowloonTELEPHONE:721-1428DATE OF BIRTH:Aug.8,1958MARITAL STATUS:SingleCTTIZENSHIP:U.S.,EDUCATION:Graduated Master of Business Administration August 1990 University of Central Florida,Orlando,Florida 32816 Graduated Bachelor of Business Administration April 1984 East Michigan

41、 University,Ypsilanti,Michigan 48197,WORK EXPERIENCE:April 1991 International Education Services,to Hong Kong Present Instructor Conducting education classes at different businesses at various locations.Classes include:English Language,International Business,Negotiation Skills,and Financial Statemen

42、ts.,August 1988 Tasco,Maitland,Florida to Vice President of Operations April 1991 Responsible for complete operation of all home building and home remodeling activity.Duties included setting up budgets,hiring subcontractors,materials estimation,purchasing of materials,budget maintenance,and review o

43、f financial statements.,October 1985 U.S.Home Corporation,Mailand,to Florida July 1988 Manager Responsible for complete management of construction site.Duties included setting up budgets,hiring of subcontractors,supervision of actual construction(scheduling,quality assurance and budget control),mate

44、rial estimation,and review of financials at job completion.,May 1984 Kelly Services,Orlando,Florida to Account Representative/SupervisorOctober 1985 Responsibilities included evaluation,hiring and placement of personnel in temporary positions.Established new accounts,serviced existing accounts,and m

45、aintained accounts receivable.LANGUAGES:Spanish,spoken and written(fluent)French,spoken(good)INTERESTS:Cycling,traveling,fishing,language studiesREFERENCES:Available/Furnished upon request,Stephanie Porter355 20th Ave.Columbus,OH 43201Telephone(614)421-5650Work ExperienceOct.1988 to present Ohio Sta

46、r,Columbus,OH Writing advertising copy and solicited ads.June-Aug.1987 The Mirror,Columbus,OHJune-Aug.1986 Full-time proofreader(substituted for head proofreader,1987).,June-Aug.1985 Grims Variety Store,Somerville,MA Part-time,20 hours per week.Sales clerk(with stocking and pricing duties).Also made

47、 deliveries and called in supply orders.EducationSept.1985-Illinois State UniversityJune 1988 Received B.A.in English Sept.1984-Springfield Community CollegeJune 1985Sept.1980-Holyoke High SchoolJune 1984,Scholastic honors:Nicholas Evans Scholarship in English Literature,1987-88.Illinois State Schol

48、arship,1984-88.Technical training:Attended a two-week seminar on Advertising in Todays Marketplace,sponsored by College of Business and Murray County Association of Commerce and Industry.,Personal DataAge 30 Married,one childHealth Excellent Willing to relocateMemberships Student Association for Wom

49、en.Journalism Club(President,1986-87)Hobbies Photograph,swimmingReferences,Practice:四个人一组，写一封求职信和相应的简历。,Letters of Application to a School,求学申请信是为了申请上某所学校而写给该校招生办公室或有关人员的信。中国学生申请到国外大学学习，首先要与学校有关部门或人员联系，索取入学申请表和有关资料，然后填好申请表并寄回学校。国外大学一般都要求申请人提供学历证书(如毕业证书和学位证书)和在校学习期间的成绩单，成绩单必须由申请人所在学校提供并直接寄往所申请的大学。如果申

50、请人没有获得国外大学的奖学金或其他经济资助，就要有经济担保证明。求学申请信要清楚地表明申请人希望到该校学习，态度要诚恳，语气要严肃而有礼貌。,求学申请信一般包括如下内容：,1简单介绍个人的情况；2说明所申请的专业和希望入学的时间；3请学校寄入学申请表和有关资料；4请学校介绍入学条件和要求；5若申请经济资助，可要求学校寄经济资助申请表。6信中要写上申请人的通讯地址和电话，以便对方回复。,Dear Sir:I am in my final year of senior high school at Nankai Middle School,one of the best schools in Ti