定语从句语法(基础知识).ppt

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1、定语从句,The attributive clause,（基本知识）,从句的特点,1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构,2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的,3.从句的关联词是从句开始的标志,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,how,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why what,The man who is shaking hands wit

2、h my father is a policeman.,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,（二）关系词在定从中的作用,1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.,注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。,The man(whom/who)

3、you met just now is my oldfriend.,3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.,4that 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.,The season that/whi

4、ch comes after spring is summer.,5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,I visited a scientist whose name is known all over thecountry.,I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.,注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：,The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.,The classroom the door of which/of which the do

5、or is broken will soon be repaired.,6.as在定从中指整件事情，或是指受到the same,such,as,so 等修饰的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。,As is known to all,China is a developing country.,It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.,This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.,7.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,I still re

6、member the day when I first came to this school.,The time when we got together finally arrived.,8.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,Shanghai is the city where I was born.,The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,9.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,The r

7、eason why he was punished is unknown to us.,注意：关系副词引导的定语从句，从句中的关系副词一定可以分解成“介词+关系代词”。,Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born.,Please tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane.,注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，“介词+关系代词”不一定都有关系副词替代。,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.,The s

8、chool in which he once studied is very famous.,注意：1.介词+关系代词中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语与介词的习惯搭配，先行词和介词的习惯搭配，有时需要综合整个句子的句意。,This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.,The school in which he once studied is very famous.,The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working cond

9、itions.,The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.,有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of 等。,2.介词一般可放在定从之后也可放在引导词之前，但有些固定的短语动词一般不拆开，介词必需放在短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of 等。,This is the watch(which/that)I am looking fo

10、r.,The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.,The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.,（三）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。通常译成“的”。,B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删

11、除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上,通常译成主句的并列句。,China is a country which has a long history.,China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.,It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work out it.,比一比,This is the

12、same dictionary that I lost last week.,This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.,比一比,This is the same village where we spent our childhood.This is the same village as we visited last summer.,比一比,定语从句的解题办法：找出先行词。看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分，作主语，宾语，表语或是定语时要用关系代词，如果作状语，则要选用关系副词。如果没有相应的关系副词可用的话，就要根据句意选择适当的介词加关系代词。特殊情况记特殊规则。,