大学英语语法之基本结构.ppt

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1、大学英语语法与练习,College EnglishGrammar and Exercise,基本句型Basic Sentence Patterns,SVC(主动主补)SV(主动)SVO(主动宾)SVOiOd(主动间宾直宾)SVOCo(主动宾宾补),主语(subject),名词与名词词组做主语代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动词ING形式、名词从句做主语“the+形容词/ed分词”也可作为名词词组做主语,谓语（predicate）动词/动词词组及其后续成分作谓语,His greatest pleasure is helping others(连系动词+主语补语)The crowd cheered.（

2、不及物动词）The burnt child fears the fire.（及物动词+宾语）The boy gave me a letter.（及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）I thought this action unnecessary.（及物动词+宾语+宾主补语）They were sitting the fireplace.（及物动词+状语）He will have received the letter by now.（及物动词+宾语+状语）,SVC结构,主语补语构成Necessity is the mother of invention.（名词词组）Whos this?Its me

3、.（代词）One from three is two.（数词）The food is sweet.（形容词）Tom is not in.（副词）Granny is in good health.（介词短语）My intention was to help him.（不定式短语）The important thing is knowing what to do.（动词ING）We are all concerned about her safety.（分词短语）The question under discussion now is where they should build the fac

4、tory.（名词从语）,SVC结构,连系动词（Link Verb）become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn等表示“变得”，“成为”的动词；Continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词；Appear,look,seem等表示“看起来”，“好象”的动词；Feel,smell,sound,taste 等表示“实感”的动词；,EXERCISE,Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs given:looking remain sounds became

5、seem When you listen carefully,his story _ true.You should dress warmly because the wether will _ cold for the next few days.John thinks his new neighbours _ very pleasant.After he stopped working,his physical condition _ worse.The student in the back row was _ sleepy.,SV和SVO结构,及物动词(transitive verb)

6、与不及物动词(intransitive verb)enjoy,ignore,complete(vt.)arrive,struggle,vanish(vi.)e.g.Suddenly the processtion stopped.(SV)The police stopped the procession.(SVO),SVA与SVOA结构,SV和SVO结构后跟有状语构成SVA与SVOAe.g.The sun has set.The sun set in the west.e.g.Has he taken a seat?Is he taking the chair out?,几个词形相似容易混淆的

7、动词,及物动词lay(laid,laid,laying)e.g.Ann laid the book on the desk.raise(raised,raised,raising)e.g.The farmer raised the price of vegetable.shine(shined,shined,shining)e.g.I shined my shoes yesterday.,不及物动词lie(lay,lain,lying)e.g.The book is lying on the desk.rise(rose,risen,rising)e.g.Prices are rising.s

8、hine(shone,shone,shining)e.g.I polished my shoes till they shone.,EXERCISE,Circle the correct one of the two words in the bracketsThe difficulty(laid,lay)in the lack of time.You can sit on that big rock that is(lying,laying)on the bank over there.We(lay,laid)the blame on ourselves.If her temperature

9、(rises,raises),call the doctor.If the cost of living(raises,rises),the company will(raise,rise)the wages.The moon(shined,shone)into my room.He often(shines,shone)his shoes before gooing out.,SVOiOd结构,SVOiOd结构的语序间接宾语后移时,必须在它的前面加to,for等介词;e.g.Ann gave a beautiful doll to her daughter.Ann made a beauti

10、ful doll for her daughter.2.直接宾语为代词,必须紧跟在动词后面;e.g.The mother bought it for the girl.The mother bought it for her.3.少数动词只有一种语序e.g.The repairman charged me ten dollars.The repairman charged ten dollars to my account.,SVOCo结构,宾语补语的构成情况The team chose Tom captain.(名词)He proved her wrong.(形容词)I supposed h

11、im upstairs.(副词)They considered her above others.(介词短语)We belive Tom to be a fine player.(不定式)I found John sleeping.(ING形式)She thought the house deserted.(分词)常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有:appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,declare,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,know,leave,make,name,need,nom

12、inated,prefer,prove,see,selct,suppose,think,vote,EXERCISE,Fill in each blank wil an appropriate word or pharse given below:medium,over,free,speechless,to be reliable,economic adviser,repaired immediately,smoking in the playground,mildDick set the caged animals _.The group has appointed Mr Jones as _.I prefer my steak _.The chairman has declared the meeting _.I know Jane _.The boys sharp remark left the teacher _.A teacher caught them _.I want this watch _.I find the climate her _.,