大学英语新编第一册unitcreativity.ppt

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1、2023/11/13,New College English,1,Unit 4Creativity,2023/11/13,New College English,2,Useful information(1),Creativity is a rather vague ability that usually implies originality and imagination.Although one normally associates creativeness with artists and poets,people of all ages can demonstrate creat

2、ivity in a wide variety of ways.A child can create an imaginary village from an odd assortment of sticks and stones.A factory worker can solve a complex mechanical problem in an inventive fashion.An advertising agent can think up an inexpensive and humorous way to reach a new clientele.,2023/11/13,N

3、ew College English,3,Useful information(2),As a general rule,creativity does not necessarily require sophisticated skills or great intelligence.The creative process often involves intuitive perception,lateral thinking,and experimentation by trial and error.In other words,a creative person might gues

4、s at a possible solution,pull in comparisons from totally unrelated fields,and accept mistakes as a normal part of problem-solving.Are there situations or attitudes that inhibit or prevent creativity?Teachers who regard energetic and inquisitive children as naughty probably discourage creativity.A b

5、oss who feels threatened by employees questioning old ways and who calls suggestions a nuisance is not favoring creativity in the workplace.Parents who expect their children to draw or paint like great masters will not tolerate messy or ugly artwork.,2023/11/13,New College English,4,Useful informati

6、on(3),Education-Chinese and Western-involves learning skills and acquiring a body of knowledge in many fields.This aspect of education does not enhance creativity which is generally considered to be one of the key aims of Western education.Certainly since the 1960s in the United States,Canada and Au

7、stralia increasing efforts have been made to integrate strategies into the educational system that help children to learn by doing,by hands-on class work and by special projects.All of these student-centered activities are designed to teach children to draw conclusions from their own observations or

8、 from those of their group and especially to learn how to research a topic on their own.Science fairs and science Olympics encourage middle school and high school students to invent all kinds of things.Children are also expected to ask questions and to work independently at a very young age.Creative

9、 writing classes allow children to write short stories and novels.The quality may be questionable,but the aim is to give students total freedom to experiment.,2023/11/13,New College English,5,Useful information(4),An educational system that fosters creativity presupposes the positive value of indivi

10、dualism.Cultures that stress collectivism and group solidarity may not place great importance on individual expressions of creativity.Societies or institutions based on a hierarchical distribution of power may regard individual creativity as irrelevant and destabilizing.Strategies that encourage chi

11、ldren to experiment and think for themselves are often criticized because they slow down the learning process and the acquisition of skills.In other words,they are considered to be inefficient.Certainly they do imply a tolerance for guess work,errors and imperfection.,2023/11/13,New College English,

12、6,Part One Preparation,1.What Is Creativity?“Being creative means one can think of things that others cannot.Being creative means one can solve problems in a simple and original way.Being creative means one can think and do things in an unusual way.Being creative is not limited to scientists or arti

13、sts.Actually,ordinary people also do creative work in their lives.It is carried on all the time by amateur inventors who find new and more convenient ways of doing everyday things.For example,the paper clip was invented by a man who kept losing his paperwork.Thanks to his own invention,hes now very

14、well organized.,2023/11/13,New College English,7,2.Creativity and Inventions,The typewriter replaced pens and pencils and enabled people to write much more quickly and much more neatly.The calculator replaced mental calculations,tables and the abacus.The results are more accurate,the problems can be

15、 done more quickly,and complex operations with large sums can be done easily.The lightbulb replaced candles,lamps and torches.Electricity can be used at any time of the day or night.With electric lights,people no longer had to depend on sunlight.The ballpoint pen replaced pen and ink.It is more conv

16、enient,easy to carry and often neater.The refrigerator replaced other ways of preserving food such as ice,salt and drying.It enables people to keep vegetables and other foods fresh for many days.,2023/11/13,New College English,8,3.Whats My Line?,1)ACTRESS,2)WAITER,3)ARTIST,4)BUTCHER,5)BANKER,6)ACTOR

17、,2023/11/13,New College English,9,Part Two Reading Activities,Pre-reading Reference answers to discussion tasks:1.No.They made the decisions and I obeyed.If I did not obey,I would be punished.They meant well and wanted to teach me the right moral values and not to make mistakes.But sometimes,I think

18、 they should have let me discover things by myself.I think that children are very clever and should be encouraged to make some decisions by themselves.2.Yes.I could talk freely with the guests of our family.If I had not been allowed to speak to them,I would have felt like a little child or an outsid

19、er even though I was not really young,and I would not have felt like part of the family.,2023/11/13,New College English,10,In-Class Reading The Case for Creativity Encouraging Children to Think,2023/11/13,New College English,11,参考译文,关于创造力的培养一一鼓励孩子思考（1）教育和商业界的专家们说,具有创造性是通向光明前程关键。本文将介绍一下学校和家长如何才能鼓励孩子发

20、展这一至关重要的能力。如果1925年迪克德鲁听从了他老板的意见,也许就不会有遮护股带这种用品,现在我们几乎离不开它。德鲁当时就职于明尼苏达制造和矿业公司,通常称为3M公司。在工作中,他研制丁一种用于胶带有黏性的一面的物质,它的黏性很强,能使物体粘在一起。但是老板却不让他做进一步的研究o最后德鲁只好利用自己的时间改进了这种胶带。这种胶带现已被人们广为使用。而他原来工作过的3M公司也从自己的失误中吸取了教训:现在该公司鼓励员工抽出15%的工作时间专门用来开动脑筋搞创新。现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用,而且全国(指美国)各地的专家认为,对孩子也应仿效这种做法,无论是在家里还是学校里。他们认为,

21、如果我们教育孩子进行创造性思维,他们就能在明天的社会中更好地发挥作用。创造性的禅益不只限于音乐和艺术领域。凡是能取得成功的学生和成人都是那些会寻求各种办法去解决问题的人.创造性并非与生俱来,也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一个人智力高并不意味着他必然能创造性地发挥才智。创造性就是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子,而这些点子会给某方面带来好处。,2023/11/13,New College English,12,关于创造力的培养一一鼓励孩子思考（2）,不幸的是,学校往往并不促使学生发挥创造性。许多教育者十分看重考试分数,强调阅读、写作和数学能力,往往因追求正确的答案而牺牲了对创造性的培养。其结果是孩子们能

22、够反馈所学的知识,却不知道如何灵活应用所学知识。比如,他们可能熟记乘法表,却不会用它来解决数学应用题。然而,在有些学校里,教育者们正逐渐认识到这一问题,并致力于研究能启发学生创造性的新的教学方法。一些教师把基础知识和要求学生发挥忽像力的活动结合起来。比如,教师不再简单地问学生哥伦布何时发现了新大陆,他们可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比地区而是纽约,情况会是如何。回答这一问题,学生必须应用他们关于哥伦布、纽约和加勒比地区的知识。教师们认为即使学生的回答会很可笑,也,毫无关系,这也许是通向创造性的重要一步。专家认为,在课堂以及在家里,必须允许孩子们有些荒唐的念头。家长和教师们则有责任和

23、孩子共同努力,使那些念头成为切实可行的想法。最好的办法是通过提问来鼓励孩子,同时对他们的怒法和新点子表示赞赏。专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造刀的氛围,一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞恕法的环境。,2023/11/13,New College English,13,关于创造力的培养一一鼓励孩子思考（3）,在家里,家长可以做一些鼓励孩子发挥创造力的事情。如果遇到适合讨论的问题,家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见,让他们参与决策。家长可以帮助孩子了解不同的决策将会带来的各种的后果。家长还应鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情。思维能力是和语言能力紧密相关的。大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能力。

24、具有幽默感对于帮助开发孩子的创造力也非常重要。当家长表现出幽默时,孩子们就看到丁最地道的创造性。从本质上看,幽默就得跨越常规界限,打破圄有模式.要创造往往也得如此。给孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩子自己做决定并清楚其后果,要让孩子从尽可能平的年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力,即使只是在午餐的两种食物的选择丰做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长大,家长应让孩子自己做主支配时间或金钱;当他们做出错误的决定时,不要主动地给予过多的帮助。这样做可能会使孩子莫名其妙,但这不是个问题。因为富有创造刀的人有一个最重要的特点,他们有很强的动刀去使杂乱无章的事情变得井然有序。,2023/11/13,New

25、 College English,14,2.Language Point,1)The case for creativityencouraging childrenCase在此意为“与某事物有关的情况”该词作名词使用可表事例Thats not the case.Its not true.病历；病案 there were five cases(five persons suffering from)of influenza 案件；讼案 When will the case come before the court?Case book 病例本；个案记录本；事例本 箱；盒 a dressing c

26、ase梳妆盒 suit case;book case,Language Point,2023/11/13,New College English,15,Case 固定短语几常见搭配,It may rain,youd better take an umbrella(just)in case.可能会下雨，你最好带把雨伞,以防万一。（若；如果；万一）In case I forget,please remind me of my promise.In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.万一失火的话，请按警铃。in this/that case 若是这样/那样的话 in

27、no case决不/in any case 无论如何,Language Point,2023/11/13,New College English,16,Creativity,n.创造力 派生 create v.创造；创建 creation n.创造；作品；宇宙万物 creative adj.富有创造力的 Creator n.创造者 creature n.动物；人（尤指女人）To be an artist involves creativity.作艺术家得有创造力。译文：关于创造力的培养-鼓励孩子思考。,2023/11/13,New College English,17,2)this vital

28、 skill in children(line 2):,vital:adj.必不可少的；非常重要的；有生命力的；生死攸关的 be vital to sb./sth.对 必不可少的 在It is vital that句型中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气(“should+do.”)形式。词类形容词还有important,necessary,essential,desirable,advisable,urgentIt is vital that enough money(should)be collected to fund the project.,Language Point,2023/11/13,

29、New College English,18,Vital,派生Vitality n.活;vitalize(se)v.给予生机 vitally adv.极为,甚 另：vitals n.身体的主要器官 vital force生命力Environment is vital for a childs growth.环境对一个小孩的成长是至关重要的。,2023/11/13,New College English,19,3)If Dick Drew.,(line 3),practically:adv.a.)actually实用地；b).almost;nearly几乎派生 practical adj.实际的

30、practicality n.实用性;practicable adj.可行的;practice(se)n.实践v.实行;practiced/practised adj.老练的;practitioner n.开业者（医生或律师）You can learn practically nothing from your experience in that factory.你在那个工厂几乎什麽也不会学到。,2023/11/13,New College English,20,mask:v.遮住；掩藏 n.面具；伪装,派生masked adj.（人）戴面具的 He did all his hatred f

31、or his master under a mask of loyalty.He masked all his hatred for his master under loyalty.他伪装忠实，掩饰他对住人的仇恨。译文；如果在1925年迪克。德鲁听从了他老板的意见，也许就不会有遮护胶带这种用品，现在我们几乎离不开它。,2023/11/13,New College English,21,4)At work,(line 5),At work,he developed a sticky-side substance strong enough to hold things together.sti

32、cky-side substance:粘胶（胶带呈粘性那面的物质）译文:在工作中，他研制了一种用于胶带有粘性的一面的物质，它的粘性很强，能使物体粘在一起。,2023/11/13,New College English,22,5)Drew perfected the tape,(line 7),perfect:make sth.faultless in every way使完美；改进 eg.She needs to perfect her English before going abroad.,2023/11/13,New College English,23,6)It is a strate

33、gy that.(line 11),It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school.这个句子由两个强调句组成1)It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing.2)Its a strategy that experts arou

34、nd the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school.译文；现在，这种策略已被经越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国（指美国）各地的专家认为，对孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是学校里。,2023/11/13,New College English,24,7)the feeling is that(line 13),the feeling is thatthey will be better able to function in tomorrows society.fun

35、ction:作为可数名词使用主要表示“职责；功能；作用”例：the functions of a judge法官的职责;the function of education 教育的功能 the functions of the nerves神经的机能 作动词使用表示“尽职责；起作用；有效用”例：The telephone was not functioning.电话坏了。Some English adverbs function as adjectives.英语的某些副词有形容词的作用。译文：他们认为，如果我们教育孩子进行创造性的思维，他们就能在明天的社会里更好的发挥作用。,2023/11/13

36、,New College English,25,8)Creativitys benefits(line 15),Creativitys benefits reach beyond music and art.reach：达到，触及 译文：创造性的裨益不止限于音乐和艺术领域。9)a number of ways to approach problems(line 15)approach:1）方法，途径 2）靠近，临近E.g.New year is approaching.,2023/11/13,New College English,26,10)Creativity is not(line 17

37、),Creativity is not something one is just born with,nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence.这儿nor后面的句子是倒装句。当某些表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时（否定词修饰主语时除外），句子要部分倒装，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则要全部倒装。Eg.Neither at the meeting nor at the previous one did anyone raise the question.She wont leave,nor will

38、she allow him to continue threatening her badly.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Never have I seen such a nice movie.译文：创造性并非与生俱来，也并不一定就是高智慧的特征。,2023/11/13,New College English,27,11)Creativity is the matter of(line 19),Creativity is the matter of using the resources one ha

39、s to produce original ideas that are good for something.original ideas:本源的思想;全新的观念该句中 one has 是定语从句用来修饰resources。从句that are good for something 用来修饰original ideas译文：创造性就是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子，而这些点子会给某方面带来好处。,2023/11/13,New College English,28,12)With strong emphasis on.(Line 21),With strong emphasis on test

40、scores and the development of reading,writing and mathematical skills,many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers.Sacrifice v.牺牲 n.牺牲；献祭物 sacrificial adj.供奉的；牺牲的 sacrilege n.亵渎神圣 sacrilegious adj.亵渎神圣的 成功也不应以牺牲健康为代价。译文：许多教育者十分看中考试分数，强调阅读，写作和数学能力，往往因追求正确的答案而牺牲了对创造性的培养。,2023/11/13,New Coll

41、ege English,29,13)The result is that.(line 24),The result is that children can give back information but cant recognize ways to apply it to new situations.译文；其结果是孩子们能反馈所学的知识，却不知道如何灵活应用所学知识。,2023/11/13,New College English,30,14)They may know(line 27),They may know their multiplication tables,for exam

42、ple,but they are unable to apply them to story problems.story problems：指（数学中的）应用题（参见200页例题）译文:比如他们可能熟记乘法表，却不会用它来解决数学应用题。,2023/11/13,New College English,31,15)new approaches to teaching(line 32),approach n.接近；渐进eg.The enemy ran away at our approach.当我们渐进的时候，敌人就逃窜了。an approach to perfection接近完善.通路；通路；

43、引道All the approaches to the Palace were guarded by soldiers.所有通至王宫的道路都有士兵防守。v.走近；接近 eg.A boy of 18 is approaching manhood.18岁的男孩快接近成年。He is rather difficult to approach.他是一个不易接近的人。,2023/11/13,New College English,32,16)For example,instead of.(line 34),For example,instead of simply asking When Columbu

44、s discovered the New World,teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area.instead of doing sth.不做某事 WHEN大写以示强调 The New World 新大陆，指美洲 what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first

45、instead of to the Caribbean area是think about的宾语从句，用虚拟语态，表对过去发生事情的假设。译文：例如，现在有些老师不会只问学生哥伦布何时发现的新大陆，他可能会让学生想一想如果哥伦布到的不是加勒比海而是纽约情况会怎样。,2023/11/13,New College English,33,17)In the classroom as well as at home,experts say.(line 40),as well(as)除外；同；并；也 He give me money as well as advice.他除了给了我忠告外，还给我钱。He

46、give me advice,and money as well.他给了我忠告，并给了我钱。We shall travel by night as well as by day.我们将日夜赶路。译文：专家认为，在课堂以及在家里，必须允许孩子们有些荒唐的念头。,2023/11/13,New College English,34,18)Then it is up to(line 41),Then it is up to parents and teachers to work with the children to develop those thoughts into workable ide

47、as.be up to:be the duty or responsibility of sb.（是某人的）责任，职责Eg.Its up to us to help those in need.该短语还可表示“由决定”eg.“Shall we go out?”“Its up to you.”Whether he took it or not was up to him.Whether you learn or not is entirely up to you.workable切实可行的译文：家长和教师们则有责任和孩子共同努力，使那些念头成为切实可行的想法。,2023/11/13,New Co

48、llege English,35,19)Experts say that.(line 44),Experts say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creative-a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.scorn v.despise;mock 轻蔑；鄙视refuse;ignore 拒绝；不屑于 n.UC contempt轻蔑；蔑视 dismiss v.f

49、ire;sack 开除；解雇 neglect,disregard,ignore 对不予理会或不屑一顾 release,free解散；把打发走译文：专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会荒诞想法的环境。,2023/11/13,New College English,36,20)involve children in(line 48),involve in:使某人参与；使某人加入 eg.Dont involve me in solving your problems.21)When parents show a sense of humor,children

50、 can see creativity in its purest form.(line 47)译文：当家长表现出幽默时，孩子们就看到了最地道的幽默性。,2023/11/13,New College English,37,22)By its nature,(line 55),By its nature,humor crosses conventional boundaries and breaks patterns.by its nature：本质上；从本质而言nature:自然Eg.Man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.,2023