句子的英译-主语和谓语的确定.ppt

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1、Chapter 4 Translation of Sentences,The Differences Between Chinese Sentences and English Sentences,句子翻译之主语确定,如：校门口今天停满了小汽车。每隔两个铺面就是一条仿宋标语。在桌子上有两本字典。空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求。起大风了。,汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐含或无主语的情况时有发生。,We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms ar

2、e concerned.Despite the serious damage in flooding,China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.,英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名词性

3、词语或主格人称代词充当。在英语里，除祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语，否则就不成句子。,1.Borrowing the Subjects of Chinese Sentences Directly,S1.我是北京人。I came from Beijing.S2.我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。Our house was built over a hundred years ago.S3.人有失错，马有漏蹄。As a horse may tumble,so a man may make mistakes.S4.假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。The young people in pairs an

4、d couples rambled about the park on holidays.,Borrowing the Subjects of Chinese Sentences Directly,S5.基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力，将途径希腊，埃及，美索不达米亚，波斯，印度和中国，这些都以“共享和平，共享奥运”为主题。With a concept inspired by the Silk Road,our torch relay will travel through Greece,Egypt,Rome,Mesopotamia,Persia,India and China,carr

5、ying the message“Share the peace,Share the Olympics”.S6.我们每个人都知道，大气污染不仅影响了环境，而且严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment;it cripples and shortens the lives of human beings.,Borrowing the Subjects of Chinese Sentences Directly,S7.邮差先生走到街上来，手里拿着一

6、大把信。在这小城里他兼任邮务员、售票员，但仍旧有许多剩余时间，每天戴上老花镜，埋头在公案上裁剪花样。Mr.Postman would walk up the street with a bundle of letters in his hand.Working in a small town as postman and stamp seller,he still had lots of spare time.Every day he would sit bending over his desk scissor-cutting flower patterns,wearing a pair o

7、f glasses for farsighted old people.,。,Borrowing the Subjects of Chinese Sentences Directly,Mr.Right 对先生/白马王子/真命天子Mr.America 美国先生(指美国男子健美冠军)Mrs.America 美国太太(指美国已婚妇女的选美冠军)Mr.Baseball 棒球先生(由于表现出色而被评选出的棒球运动员),2.Finding New Subjects for the Corresponding English Sentences,S1.中国在四千年前就发明了指南针。The compass w

8、as invested in China four thousand years ago.S2.深圳经济特区正在采取措施抑制房地产投机热。Officials in Shenzhens Special Economic Zone are taking steps to cool a frenzy of property speculation.,Finding New Subjects for the Corresponding English Sentences,.,S3.世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。a.At the turn of the century,China is very acti

9、ve in its diplomatic activities.b.The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.S4.一九六四年十月，中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。a.In October,1964,China blasted its first atomic bomb,which shocked the rest of the world greatly.b.Chinas first atomic blast in October,1964 was a great shock to

10、the rest of the world.,Finding New Subjects for the Corresponding English Sentences,S5.胎又瘪了。a.The tire turns flat again.b.Weve got another flat tire.S6.鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness;this quality is invalua

11、ble among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.,Finding New Subjects for the Corresponding English Sentences,1.空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。In the wilderness,her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.2.她从来没有想到他是个不道德的人。It never occurs to her that he was an immoral man.3.他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。A little flatte

12、ry would get him carried away.4.他们的意见有分歧。They are divided in their opinions.5.那无赖什么都干得出来。Anything is possible with that rascal.,练习：,3.Adding Subjects to the Corresponding English Sentences,S1.起大风了。Its blowing hard.(表示时间、天气等自然现象的无主句，借用英语习惯使用的it来翻译。)S2.沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence,silence!Unless we

13、 burst out,we shall perish in this silence.(用泛指的人称代词we，you，he，she，one,anyone等充当主语。),Adding Subjects to the Corresponding English Sentences,类似地：,活到老，学到老。One is never too old to learn.知己知彼，百战不殆。If you know yourself as well as the enemy,you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.不承认这一定律，就

14、不是物理学家。Anyone who does not recognize this law is not a physicist.,有时这种情况的增补需要看语境：,到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南美景，觉得更为有趣。（刘鹗在老残游记中对济南的描述。）When he reached Jinan and entered the city,there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door,which delighted him even more than the scenery of

15、the south.,S3.除了枪声，再也没有其他声音。There was no sound but that of the gunfire.S4.现在很难说谁对谁错。At the moment,it is very difficult to tell who is right and who is wrong.(采用“there+be”或“it+be+to”的句型。),Adding Subjects to the Corresponding English Sentences,练习：,1.为了维持生计，有沉重和繁琐的家务要干。不少家庭主妇被家务活累坏了身体。In order to make

16、a living,there is a lot of heavy housework.As a result,many housewives break down.In order to make a living,many housewives have to do a lot of heavy housework so that they finally break down.,练习：,2.人们认为他翻译的这首诗不忠实于原文。People regarded him unfaithful in his translation of this poem.He was regarded unfa

17、ithful in his translation of this poem.His translation of this poem was regarded unfaithful.,练习：,3.上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得全世界人民的赞叹。The great changes of recent years in Shanghai have won admiration from people all over the world.That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people

18、all over the world.,句子翻译之谓语确定,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切(meaning)必须关照谓语与主语的语义关联以及主谓词语的搭配(collocation with the subject)也须考虑谓语与宾语的搭配，包括连系动词与表语的搭配，以及搭配的修辞效果。(collocation with the object),谓语的确定,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切,S1.中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.The

19、Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.S2.中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.The economy of China will converge with that of the world.,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切,S3.这事儿到了现在，还是时时记起。Even now,I still often think about this.Even now,this r

20、emains fresh in my memory.S4.我们大为惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈的地震而幸存下来的唯一的建筑物竟是砖木结构的。To our great surprise,the only building that fortunately existed after the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.To our great surprise,the only building that survived the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood

21、structure.,首先看谓语表意是否准确、贴切,S5.现在，连我们也欠饷啊！（老舍茶馆）Nowadays even our monthly pay is often in arrears.Nowadays even we arent always paid on time.S6.在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。When they talk to the press,the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree.You can hear Shanghai peo

22、ple using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.,选择谓语要注意时态、人称和数的变化,思想是炉火，炉火是墙上的树影，是冬夜的声音。,Thoughts Are the fire in a stove,The fire in a stove is the trees shadow on the wall.And the sound in the winter night.,选择谓语要注意时态、人称和数的变化,S7.过去的五十年并不是发明创新的黄金时期。The past

23、fifty years was not really a golden age for inventions and creations.S8.他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。He had given me the impression of absolute rigidity,as though he had swallowed a poker.,选择谓语要注意时态、人称和数的变化,S9.迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法。So far,there has been no way which is more effective and r

24、eliable than exams in education.S10.结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。The practice of giving lavish feast at weddings can well be dispensed with.,dispense with 省略，放弃：没有也行；放弃 Lets dispense with the formalities.让我们免去那些礼节吧。2.摒弃；废除 a country that has dispensed with tariff barriers 已废除关税障碍的国家,In-classroom Practice：Exercises B.on p.100-100Assignments：Exercises A.on p.99-100Preview：语序的调整&否定句的英译,