八年级定语从句专项讲解谭海迪.ppt

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1、,The Attributive Clause,定 语 从 句,主要要点,定语从句的定义定语从句的作用和结构定语从句引导词的作用定语从句专项练习,定语从句的定义,1.在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。它位于被修饰的词后面，其作用相当于一个形容词。2.如何区分定语从句？简单句 a red coat 定 语（作coat的定语，起限定的作用）定语从句复合句I have a coat which is red 定语从句（来限定说明coat）先行词 关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）,定语从句的作用和结构,1.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词.Do you know

2、 everybody who came to the party?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.2.在定语从句中,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。关联词在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词做状语。3 主要的关系代词who,whom,whose，关系副词有why,where,when,关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I

3、 met a girl who knew your sister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin,he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,that代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person(who,whom,that)I complained to is the manager.我向他投诉

4、的那个人是经理。,关系代词的作用,关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的This is the house whose windows were broken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whose children are in college,is trying to get a job.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house,whose windows were all broken,was

5、 a depressing sight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。,关系代词which的用法,which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Is this the book（which）you are looking for？(look fo

6、r寻找)这是你要找的书吗？,关系代词that用法,一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：A driver that has knocked someone down must stop.撞人的司机必须停车。He is the man that you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。He is not that man that he was.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the

7、 afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。She was annoyed by something that I had said.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。,1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something 除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Have you taken down eve

8、rything(that)Mr.Li has said?(2)There seems to be nothing(that)seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little(that)I can do for you.注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,只能用t

9、hat的地方,2、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen.4、当形容词被the very,the only，the same,the last,any,little等修饰时(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2)After the fire in his house,the old car is the on

10、ly thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？,5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Who is the man that is standing there?(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have

11、learned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which,不用that的情况,(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/

12、which we get our food from.,关系副词,关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配),when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)Shangha

13、i is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitat

14、ion is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.,Exercise 1:用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father b

15、ought last month is very beautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,w

16、hose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I h

17、ave seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,Jack saw a bicycle advertisement in a newspa

18、per.The price was 68 dollars.So he went to the shop and asked to see the bicycle.The salesman was happy to show him.Jack checked the bicycle carefully.Soon,he said,“There isnt a lamp on this bicycle,but there was one on the bicycle in the ad.”“Yes,sir,”answered the man,“but the lamp isnt included in

19、 the price of the bicycle.“Not included in the price of the bicycle?”Jack said angrily,“but the lamp was in the ad.It should be in the price.”“Well,sir,”answer the shop owner coldly,“there was also a girl on the bicycle in the ad,but we cant give you a girl with the bicycle,either.”It is an ad _ Jac

20、k is a person_The bicycle in the ad is the one _,A guessing competition,Its an invention which is used for keeping off the rain.,飘,Its a book that was written by Margaret Mitchell.,Gone with the wind,Its the Wall that was built by Chinese people.,Its an animal that/which.,Match the two sentences1.Im

21、 reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man wh

22、o is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,1.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball.2.The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.3.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.4.The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom.5.The meeting _ we shall take part in will

23、 be held in a hotel.6.The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed.7.The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in the city 8.The person _ won the race was a woman from Sichuan.,who,whom,who/whom,who/whom,that,which,that,who,Discussing,Topic 1:What kind of teacher do you lik

24、e?Topic 2:What kind of books would you like to read?Topic 3:What kind of classmate do you like?Topic 4:What kind of students do you think the teachers like best?,The house that they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.I will never forget the poor boy who have no arms.We have done everything

25、 which can be done.He is the only man who I know in the city.I have been to the park which there are a lot of flowers.The park where the old people usually go to is called Zhongshan park.Jim asked that who won.Look!The tree where Jack is climbing is quite tall.,改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）,Thank you very much!,