专题十名词性从句.ppt

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1、主语从句,1.主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词如下：who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether，why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。What I want to drink is coffee.我想喝的是咖啡。,That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。When they will come hasnt been made public.他们来的时间没有公布。2

2、.主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式。即：Itbeadj./n.thatclause，但what,whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。It is possible that I may not be able to come.我有可能不来了。It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.很遗憾你错过了如此美好的谈话。,3.whoever,whatever,whichever引导的主语从句：whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表

3、示“任何的人都”。whatever相当于anything that。whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可跟of短语连用。Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都会欢迎。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切都要保密。Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me.你选哪本书不关我的事。,(1)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别。what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而t

4、hat引导从句，不充当成分。What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。(what引导主语从句，作said的宾语)That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着真是一件令人慰藉的事情。(that引导主语从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略)(2)主语从句若含有“是否”意义，其引导词只能用whether，不能用if。Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.他明天是否能来仍然是个问题。,(1)(2011重庆，22)It is still un

5、der discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.解析句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。考查名词性从句。“It”作形式主语，“the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether.or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。,whether,(2)(2013北京，31)makes the bo

6、ok so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.解析本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书如此与众不同的是作者创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知，makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用What引导。,What,(3)判断正()误()我们队比赛获胜使我们很高兴。Our team won the match pleased us very much.()It pleased us very much that our team won the match.()That

7、 our team won the match pleased us very much.()分析以从句作主语的句子常用“it”作形式主语，但也可直接用这个从句作主语，这时连接词that一般不能省略。,宾语从句,1.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有：that,what,whether,if,where,when,whatever，whoever等。We must find out who did all this.我们必须查明谁做了这个。He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrel

8、la when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿用伞。,2.由whatever,whichever,whoever,whosever引导的宾语从句。You may do whatever you like.你可以做任何你喜欢的事。Return the book to whosever name is on it.把书还给书上写名字的人。,3.由whether或if引导的宾语从句，要保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”讲时，一般可以换用，但在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if。(1)引导的从句作介词宾语时。Everything depe

9、nds on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。(2)从句后有or not时。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。(3)后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留吗？,4.宾语从句中的形式宾语it。在“及物动词宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。I made it clear that I was determined

10、to carry out the plan.我很清楚，我已下定决心实施这项计划。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。,5.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：(1)desire愿望，demand要求，insist坚决要求，order命令，request请求，suggest建议，propose提议，这些词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式：shoulddo，should可以省略。He insisted that she(should)stay

11、here for another week.他坚持要求她应该在这再待一周。They suggested that we(should)start at once.他们建议我们立即开始。(2)wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。,一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾

12、语是很少有的，只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.,(1)判断正()误()The teacher can tell us if the meeting will be held tomorrow.如果明天召开会议，老师会告诉我们。()老师能告诉我们明天是否召开会议。()分析if引起的从句如果位于主句之后，可能是条件状语从句，也可能是宾语从句，这要根据具体语言环境决定。这里if从句谓语用了一般将来时，不可能是条件状语从句(条件状语

13、从句在这里要用一般现在时表将来)，仅是宾语从句；此外，tell习惯带双宾语。,(2)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.解析考查名词性从句。句意：许多西方年轻人都把人生中最主要的决定婚姻几乎都归因为运气。what一词作从句的主语，并引导宾语从句，作动词leave的宾语。,what,表语从句,在复合句中放在系动词之后，作表语的从句称为表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look

14、,remain,seem等。1.表语从句的引导词主要有：that(不可省略),whether(不能换成if),what,who,which,how,why,when,where，whoever,wherever等。The reason is that he missed the early bus.原因是他错过了早班车。The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是我们是否可以在如此短的时间内做好准备。,Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。This is whe

15、re our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。2.as if/as though,because,why引导表语从句。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。This is why we missed the early bus.这就是为什么我们错过了早班车。Thats because he got up late.那是因为他起床晚了。,(1)(2011山东，26)I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is he never finishes anything.解析考

16、查表语从句。句意：我恐怕他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句，根据句意用“why”引导。,why,(2)判断正()误()他病了，这是由于他吃得太多的缘故。He got ill;this was why he had eaten too much.()He got ill;this was because he had eaten too much.()分析why和because用作连词，引导表语从句都是上文所得的结论。它们的含义都由上下文的关系而定。即：当主句表示原因，从句表示结果时，要用why引导；反之主

17、句为结果，从句为原因，用because引导。,同位语从句,1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief等词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment hasnt been solved.我们是否应该继续做实验这一问题还没解决。,2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的

18、内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释news的内容)The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，修饰news),(1)(2013浙江，16)The only wa

19、y to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.解析本题考查同位语从句。句意：通往最高水平的成功之路就是拥有坚定的信念：在运动场上你比任何人都更棒。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，故用that。,that,(2)判断正()误()有消息说会议将在星期五举行。Words came that the meeting will be held on Friday.()Word

20、came that the meeting will be held on Friday.()分析word一词作“消息”或“通知”解时，前面不加冠词，也没有复数形式。,易错点1what与that在名词性从句中的区别,(1)(2013天津，15)I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.解析本题考查主语从句。句意：我想对你说的是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。句子谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what。,What,(2)(2013北京，33)Experts b

21、elieve people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.解析本题考查宾语从句。句意：专家们相信人们只在必须的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故用that。,that,【即时小练】(1)(2013烟台模拟)Tell me something about your adventure in the rainforest,please.We lost our way in the forest and made matters worse wa

22、s night began to fall.解析第一空引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故用what；第二空引导表语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，故用that。句意：请跟我说说你在雨林中的冒险经历吧。我们在森林里迷了路，更加糟糕的是天开始黑了。,what,that,(2)(2013临沂模拟)After five days climbing in the mountain,they reached they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.解析分析句子结构：they thought为插入语。所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，故用what。,

23、what,以题说法that在其引导的名词性从句中只起引导作用，不作句子成分；而what在名词性从句中起双重作用，既作成分，又能引导句子。故做题的关键在于分析从句中是否缺少成分。突破指南分析句子成分是解题关键。在that/what间，若从句缺成分就选what，反之that。,易错点2whatever与what;whoever与who的区别,(1)(2012福建，35)We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.解析考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我们允诺向任何参加聚会的人提供一个和那位

24、电影明星合影的机会。参加聚会的任何人whoeveranyone who,whoever引导的从句作promise的宾语，同时whoever又在从句中充当主语。,whoever,(2)(2012辽宁，34)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain.解析考查宾语从句。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever。,whatever,【即时小练】The employers often give the job to th

25、ey believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.解析考查宾语从句。句意：雇主们往往把工作给那些有工作经验又有强烈责任感的人们。根据句意可知此处泛指并做主语，又因从句中谓语为has，故用whoever(anyone who)。,whoever,以题说法在名词性从句中，引导词whatever,whoever均泛指，分别可转换成anything that,anyone who并将其代入，这样解题便轻松多了。突破指南whever与wh的区别是考查的难点，这需要同学细读句意，分清语境是泛指还是特指。,易错点3名词性从句与其他从句混淆不

26、清,(2013河北保定市期末调研)Were living in people call“Information Age”，so everything is possible.解析句意：我们生活在信息时代，所以一切皆有可能。介词in后跟宾语从句。在从句中动词call后缺宾语，故用what。,what,【即时小练】There is much truth in the idea kindness is usually served by frankness.解析句意：的确，坦率通常也表明了友善。本题考查同位语从句。分析题干可知空格处引导同位语从句，解释truth的内容，从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。,that,突破指南弄清连接代词与连接副词的区别。关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。when,where,why,how有词义，在从句中作状语。that无词义，不作成分。if/whether有词义，在名词性从句中不作成分。,while,whether,that,完成短文后，你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇80词左右的小短文？_,