专业四级英语四六级阅读题型和对策.ppt
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1、英语专业四级阅读,希望对大家有帮助,Contents,阅读中存在的问题及对策阅读题型与解题技巧 不同体裁语篇及解读策略常用阅读技巧简介及运用范例,你是否读得非常慢,非常仔细,不相信自己能全部理解所读的东西。阅读时你的嘴唇和舌头是否在动。在阅读时你的头是否随着所读文字符号的位置而左右移动。你是否经常回读,即读过的东西又重新读一遍,甚至二、三遍。你是否有很多单词不认识,或不知道它在此处的含义。,阅读的误区与误解,专注于书上每个单词能帮助理解和记忆不管读什么都只能采取慢读、细读的方法回头复读刚读过的内容会加强理解阅读速度的提高会影响阅读理解效果,阅读中存在的问题,阅读速度慢理解有偏差,1影响阅读速度
2、的几个因素,(1)唇读、朗读。(2)回视或重复阅读。(3)视幅太窄。(4)查词的次数太多。,2影响正确理解的四个因素,(1)词汇知识贫乏(2)语法基础不扎实(复合句)(3)理解停留在单句水平上(上下文线索,整体理解效果)(4)对阅读理解试题的材料不适应。(考试的阅读材料篇幅短小、结构严谨、信息量大,是一些浓缩了的段落。),如何提高阅读,一、培养良好的阅读心理素质美国语言教育专家Kenneth Goodman指出,阅读是一种“心理语言学的猜测游戏”。在阅读过程中,首先要充满信心,心情平和,不要紧张,排除任何思想和心理负担。最关键的,阅读时思想一定要高度集中。,二、培养良好的阅读习惯,1按意群阅读
3、,扩大视幅 例如:When the Judge had finished what he was saying,Mrs.Young opened her handbag she was carrying and took out the sewingWithout saying a word she chose a needle with a very small eye and threaded it at her first try2少用或不用词典3默读,避免回视,三、掌握阅读技能和策略,(1)猜测词义(guessing)(2)跳读、略读(skimming)(3)审读、扫读(scannin
4、g)(4)推理(inferring):依据特定的语篇语境,在理解的基础上,经过逻辑推断,分析体会作者的思想,总结归纳作者的意图,了解文章的内涵和“弦外之音”。,四、其他必备条件,(1)努力扩大词汇量。(2)牢固掌握语法知识。(3)重视语篇阅读理解能力的训练(4)扩大阅读量。(数量,内容和题材范围。增加对英美国家社会、文化、历史、地理、风土人情以及科技知识的了解。)He is a real blue blood“blue”又可用来表示社会地位高、有权势或出身高贵:(他是真正的贵族。),五、标志词作为阅读的指示,快行道信号(go words)中速道礼让信号慢行道信号路端信号,后续内容标志词 Add
5、itionally,in addition,besides,again,also,furthermore,and,and so,likewise,more,moreover,as well例举标志词 An illustration of,to illustrate,for this reason,as an example,specifically,for instance,such as,快行道信号,这些标志词作者想表达:我想强调一些重要的事儿。阅读时要仔细,必要时可加快速度。“Stay Alert”Signals:A central issue/concern/factor,primari
6、ly,chiefly,more importantly,the basic factor,in fact,particularly,without question,中速道礼让信号,警示标志词(Caution Signals):这类词表示:我要改表想法,或提出与上文相反意见,这类词有:Although,on the contrary,but,otherwise,despite,unless,however,if,whether,in contrast,while,nevertheless里程标志词(Mile Markers):解释内容可能顺序排列:first,second,first of a
7、ll,last,in the first place,慢行道信号,这些标志词警示读者降低阅读速度:“我既将做个总结或指出要点。”Accordingly,last of all,basically,to summarize,consequently,therefore,finally,the effect,hence,the implication,in conclusion,the most important,thus,to recapitulate,路端信号,六、常用的猜词线索,1.语义线索和句法线索2.句子中的定义线索:直接解释句法线索3.句子中的对比解释4.利用自己的经验推测单词在句子
8、中含 义5.句子中的归纳解释6.句子中的例举解释,1.语义线索和句法线索,The flood was a calamitous event and resulted in the loss of many lives.根据语法线索calamitous event,可以知道单词calamitous是形容词;根据语义线索“导致大量人员丧生”,判定calamitous event 与大不幸有关。calamity n.:great or serious misfortune or disaster,2.定义线索,定义是猜词过程中常用的线索,有时作者直接用同义词来解释;另有些使用标志性词语做提示,如th
9、at is,is,is defined as,for example,namely,in other words,或者for instance.有时作者使用标点符号如逗号,破折号,或冒号来告诉读者。例如:,In the skeletal system,a foramen,that is,an opening through a bone,serve as a passage way for blood vessels,nerves or ligaments.Cyberphobia is the irrational fear of,and aversion to,computers.A num
10、ismatista collector of gold medalsneeds considerable capital to get started in business.,Famous as a writer and lecturer,he popularized transcendentalism,a romantic philosophical theory claiming that there was an ideal,intuitive reality transcending ordinary life.Aristotle said that rhetoric(argumen
11、tation)involves using all the available means of persuasion,and he defined the means of persuasion as ethos(personal credibility),logos logical organization and reasoning)and pathos(emotional appeal).,3.对比解释,通常,but,however,yet 或者in contrast表转折或相反。例如:Her sister was always at ease with everyone she me
12、t;Mary,however,was quite gauche in social situations.gauche:socially awkward;tactless,4.根据经验推测,利用自己熟悉的情景来帮助理解,解释单词,或预测它的意思。如:Scrooge was such a skinflint that he wouldnt give any of his employees a Christmas gift or even the day off from work.skinflint:miser,5.归纳解释,有时生词会以总结、归纳的形式被解释出来。如:There was bi
13、tterness in her voice,a scowl on her face,and then an angry replyas usual,she was in a captious mood as she spoke to the children.scowl:n.bad-tempered look(on the face)vi.(at):look in a bad-tempered waycaptious:(formal)(fond of)finding fault esp.about unimportant points,6.例举解释,作者常会举相关例子加以说明。例子有时能指出说
14、明单词词义的场合,特征或伴生事件。有时会使用标志词,如like和for instance.例如:Dieseling happens when you shut off the engine and it keeps running.It will chug,jump,smoke and cough,and,if you turn the key back on,the engine will just keep running.dieseling:汽油机停机后继续运转的倾向 diesel oil:heavy fuel oil 柴油,略读(Skimming),所谓略读,是指以尽可能快的速度阅读,
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