unit1英语句子成分.ppt

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1、,1、会学 1）制定适合自己的学习计划（学期计划、月计划、周计划和日计划）。2）勤动脑，多思考，找到适合自己的高效学习方法。3）合理分配学习和休息时间。2、会合作 学习过程中，同学之间要多交流彼此的学习方法、学习内容、心得感受等，学会互帮互助。3、会自我调节 面对压力、困难、不顺心的事情、与专升本无关的 事，不慌乱、不气馁，能迅速调整心情顺利学习。4、坚持到底 不到专升本考试结束，绝不能放弃学习。中途 放弃一定失败，坚持到底才能成功！,学习英语的注意事项,1、主动掌握英语词汇。任务：1）本学期结束时，能识记3500个基础词汇中的 90%（约2800个词汇）；2011年3月前掌握全 部基础词汇。

2、2）2011年3月起至专升本考试，背诵大学英语四 级词汇，词汇量约为5000（3500+1500）。方法：从单词手册的第一个词开始，每个词背35遍，集中精力识记词的拼写、音标、词性、词义；每天 背120词左右，30天背完所有单词和短语；背诵过 程中，标记出所有已经掌握的词汇，到此，第一轮 结束，之后按先前方法开始第二轮背诵、第三轮背 诵直至2011年12月专升本考试开始。,2、主动训练英语听力。任务：1）截止本学期期末，将新概念英语第二册第一、二、三单元的每篇课文听得滚瓜烂熟。2）每天至少进行半个小时的听力训练。方法：1）最初阶段，先阅读听力资料，解决所有生词 后再一遍遍听音频资料，直至听清所

3、有词句。2）跟着音频作听写练习，一句一暂停。,3、主动阅读英语文章。任务：三四百字长度的文章，每周阅读二至三篇。方法：阅读中英文对照的文章，解决文中的生词和 短语，摘抄好句和难理解的句子，进行中英 文翻译练习。4、认真听讲，主动求教老师和同学。5、尽最大努力完成各项学习任务，不可知难而退。,Unit 1 英语句子成分,英语句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语八种。,一、主语,主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。1、名词担任主语 A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.Th

4、e first truck is carrying a few baskets.The temperature will stay above zero.The doctor looked over Mrs.Brown very carefully.China does not want to copy the USAs example.,2、代词担任主语 Its a young forest.I dont know if it will grow.Thats a bit expensive.Youd better buy a new pair.They want to learn Engli

5、sh.3、数词担任主语 One and two is three.One is not enough for me.I want one more.One of them is English.Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.Two will be enough.,4、不定式担任主语（常以 Its adj.to do sth.形式出现）To give is better than to receive.Its glad to see you again.It was difficult to see.But its good to swi

6、m in summer.5、动名词作主语 Swimming is a good sport.Playing with fire is dangerous.6、从句作主语（主语从句）What he said at the meeting is very important.When we will hold the sports meeting is not decided.That the earth goes around the sun is a truth.,二、谓语,谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。1

7、、简单谓语 不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如：I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)I made your birthday cake last night.(一般过去时主动语态)It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.(一般现在时被动语态),2、复合谓语可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词、助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语。I can speak English.What does this word mean?I wont do it

8、 again.Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.Youd better catch a bus.,第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。You look the same.We are all here.The weather gets warmer,and the days get longer.Keep quite and listen to me.He looked worried.We have to be up early in the morning.Is Bill in?School is over.Lets g

9、o home.My pen is in my bag.I feel terrible.He seemed rather tired last night.注：连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割。,主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧

10、跟其后。,三、宾语,宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。（注：在英语中，一些形容词与定冠词the连用，在句子中起到连词的作用，这种现象叫做名词化的形容词。）I saw a cat in the tree.There are a lot of cows on the farm.He told us a story.How many do you want?-I want two.The new is going to replace the old.新事物将取代旧事物。They sent the inju

11、red to hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。I want to go shopping.They asked to see my passport.他们要求看我的护照。We like playing basketball.I enjoy working with you.我和你们一道工作很愉快。He said he could be here.Did you write down what he said?你把他的话记下了没有？,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,

12、show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加to或for。My father bought me a book.(My father bought a book for me)Give the rubber to me.(Give me the rubber.)Please give the letter to XiaoLi.,有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语

13、的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。We all call him LaoWang.我们都叫他老王。Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色。We found the little girl listening to music.我们在山上找到了小女孩。,四、定语,用于修饰限定名词和代词的性质、特征、范围等情况的词叫做定语。定语主要由形容词担任，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句都可以作定语。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面；如果是短语或句子，定语放在被修饰词的后面。1、形容词作定语 The little boy needs

14、a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.2、数词作定语数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.The four boys are students.,3、代词或名词所有格作定语：His son needs Toms pen.My name is Tom.4、介词短语作定语The student near the window is reading a book.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，

15、三个10岁的男孩。5、名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.The football match is very exciting.,6、副词作定语The bike there needs repairing.The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom。7、不定式作定语The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today.今天没有事要

16、做。8、分词（短语）作定语 The smiling boy comes from Linyi normal school.The pen bought by her is made in China.,9、定语从句 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个。,五、状语,状语说明动作发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、

17、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。1、副词作状语 He speaks English very well.他英语说得非常好.We always go to the park on Sundays.2、不定式作状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.To improve their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning Eng

18、lish.,3、介词短语作状语 Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.They went to Jinan.4、从句作状语（状语从句）When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.5、分词作状语 Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.T

19、he two girls came into the classroom,laughing and talking.6、名词作状语 We will go to camp tomorrow.We must get together again some day.,六、补语,英语中，补语的作用对象是主语和宾语，补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语，还有主语补足语。名词、形容词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。1、宾语的补语 1）名词作宾补At the meeting we elected him monitor.I think your brother a clever

20、 boy.2）形容词作宾补 What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty,3）不定式(to do)作宾补Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。We made him copy the sentence.I felt my hands tremble.4）现在分词作宾补 We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lyi

21、ng in bed,sleeping.5）过去分词作宾补 He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard the song sung in the next room.,2、主语的补语He is made to copy the sentence.The dog is called Karl.He was found the right man for the job.The door was painted white.He is often heard reading English.The classroom is always kept c

22、lean every day.,七、表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词、形容词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词-ing形式和从句担任。John is a student.These desks are yellow.I feel very good.I am all right.The sun is up.Its over.She is ten.She was the first to learn about it.My work is teaching English.The dictionary

23、 is in the bag.My question is how you knew him.,八、同位语,当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语也可以由从句来担任（同位语从句）。This is Miss Chen,our English teacher.My parents both are teacher.We all like sports.The news that our team won the game is very exciting.We must face the fact that there are a lot of difficulties and troubles on the way to success.,