Unit19-20英语国家社会与文化入门.ppt
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1、,Unit 19WHISTLE-BLOWERS,P.297Par 1The pluralist theory of powerTransparency and accountability透明度,责任制.Citizens have the right to be informed about the way in which the country is being governed.,P.298Par 1The elite theory of powerA small group of people can control and manipulate resources,ideas,and
2、 information to stay in power.,P.297Par 2 and 3The elite might be a political,economic or knowledge elite.,P.297Par 3Ordinary people may be uninformed,politically passive,and easily distracted from key issues.,P.298Par 5Why was the role of the government increased from the 1880s to the 1980s?1.Expan
3、sion of education,health,and social welfare services2.Social security programs3.Regulation of business4.More complex legal systems,P.298Par 7A move away from“interventionism”.Rejection of“mixed economny”to a“competitive state”从混合经济到竞争经济,P.299Par 2Changes1.financial deregulation2.privatization of pub
4、lic services3.end of centralized wage fixing4.cuts in public sector,P.299Par 5Contradiction of bureaucracy and citizenship:Minister:appointed by prime minister,or elected,not experts,at a disadvantageDepartment heads:appointed and promoted as experts,experienced,P.200Par 1Lack of clarity between pol
5、icy decision-making and administrative decision-making部长:政策局长、处长:执行办法Example:Reduce domestic violence,P.200Par 4A relatively inexperienced minister may be influenced through his Head of Departments administrative expertise.,P.300Par 5 bureaucratic ascendancy权力集中Contradiction between bureaucracy and
6、citizenshipThe search for equality of the redistributive kind breeds bureacracy;bureaucracy breeds authority;and autority undermines the equality which bred it.,P.301Par 1-4 A study of power1.Fathers of elite persons have high social status;2.Three core elite groups:politicians,public servants,busin
7、essmen;3.The three groups disagreed among themselves.,P.301Par 5Self-recruiting elite:They are the same in:maintaining their power.,P.301Par 7 Recent changesMinisters appoint their own expert advisers;The bureaucratic authority gained through permanency has been undermined.,P.302Par 2The tension bet
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- Unit19 20 英语 国家 社会 文化 入门
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