Translation总则 (2).ppt

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1、四级汉译英解题方法,第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态所谓形式包括：1词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）2.虚拟3.被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。,第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。,I felt disappointed because my father_(看来今天晚上没心思看我的成绩单）,seemed to be in no mood this evenin

2、g to look at my school report,2.（他以分期付款的方式买了房子），paying a certain amount of money each month.,He bought the house on installment,3._(人们宁愿付出大笔钱，也不愿让自己的毕生心血被毁）by gansters.,People would rather pay large sum of money than have their life work destroyed,4.We should _(把我们的精力和青春贡献给国家的发展）,Dedicate/devote our

3、 energy and youth to the development of our country,5.More than three million children have health insurance now,and _超过250万的家庭已经摆脱贫困.,more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty.,6.Some American colleges are stated-supported,others are privately endowed,_(还有一些宗教组织资助的。,

4、and still others are supported by the religious organizations.,7.We would not _(采取武力，如果不是谈判失败的话）,have resorted to force if negotiation hadnt failed,8.Other things being equal,_(一个善于表达的人要比一个语言贫乏的人更容易获得成功）,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more easily than a man whose language

5、 is poor,9._(因为暴风雪，所有的航班都取消了），many passengers could do nothing but take the train.,All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm.,10.If she doesnt tell him the truth now,_(他会追问下去直到她说出真相）,Hell simply keep on asking until she does,11._(重要的不是谁统治我们），but how he rules us.,It is not who rules u

6、s that is important,12.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to_(不论他的肤色如何，宗教信仰如何）,regardless of the color of his skin and the religion he believes in,一、倍数增减的表示法,Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍).This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).They _(计划

7、将投资增加一倍).,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than）reacts three times as fast as the other one（考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）is 49 times the size of the moon（考点：倍数+名词）wants to raise the rent by a third（考点：动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数）plan to double their investment（考点：double+名词）,二、时态,Be quick,_(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就

8、已经结束了).When she got home,_(孩子们已经睡着了).When I prepare for the college entrance examination,_(我姐姐将在海边度假).I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).Do you often go on holiday?_(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).He joined the army in October,2001._(他参军已五年了).,or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church（考点：将来完成时）the children ha

9、d fallen asleep（考点：过去完成时）my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考点：将来进行时）have been revising my resume all the morning（考点：现在完成进行时）No.It has been five years since I went on holiday（考点：It has been since sb.did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）He has been in the army for 5 years（考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接

10、一段时间）,三、被动语态,The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).When the bill of fare was brought,_(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料)._(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,is being replaced by the computer and the projector（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）will have been published by th

11、e end of this year（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work（考点：1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态）I was startled,for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated（考点：同“3”的考点2）Effective measures must be taken immediately（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）,四、虚拟语

12、气,I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed himself.Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).,I had had your opportunities when I was young（考点：I wi

13、sh后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）he had known this disease is curable（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同）painted it blue,and without any decorations（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams（考点：Its(about/high)time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时

14、候了”）as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考点：as if/as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）,It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).,more mobile shops

15、(should)be set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）they(should)set up a special board/committee to examine this problem（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）the mid-term exams(should)be canceled（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(t

16、hat)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),

17、suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等,we(should)be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考点：在It is/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desira

18、ble,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等）,But for his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).I used my calculator;_(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).Had it not been for their opposition,_(这项法案早

19、就通过了).Should there be another world war,_(人类的继续存在就会有危险).He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).,we could not have rent a house at such a low price（考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）otherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question（考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）I would seize the opportunity withou

20、t hesitation（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）this act would have been passed much earlier（考点：同上）the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：同上）lest he should awaken the baby（考点：lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.should do的形式表示虚拟）,五、不定式,The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划)

21、.The environmentalists are against _(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女).They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚).He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间).,ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（考点：不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chanc

22、e,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等）the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs（考点：同上）American woman to explore the outer space（考点：由only,last,next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名

23、词常用不定式作定语）only to drop it on their own feet（考点：不定式作结果状语）to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village（考点：不定式作原因状语）to have taken up so much of your time（考点：1.不定式作原因状语；2.不定式的完成时）,六、分词,_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),we stopped talking and began to study._(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),they decided to pay for his educatio

24、n._(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einstein was a simple,modest and ordinary man._(好久没有收到父母的来信了),he was worried about them.,Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语）Deeply moved by the boys deeds（考点：同上）Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语）Not having heard from his parents for a long t

25、ime（考点：1.分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）,七、动名词,They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场).It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷).We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).,making their daughter do what she didnt like to do（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：

26、admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,cant help,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,cant stand,stop,suggest）getting our goods into the international market（考点：

27、动名词作介词的宾语）crying over spilt milk（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：be worth,have difficulty(in),it be no good/use/worthwhile,there be no need/no point in,how/what about,whats the point of,whats the use of）having peeked at his neighbors test paper（考点：动名词的完成式）being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式）,八、名词性从句,It a

28、ll depends on _(他们是否会支持我们).You have yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票).Finally,the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).Obviously,there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议).,whether they will support us（考点：whether引导宾语从句）whether I can count on your vote（考点：whether引导同位语从句）that the Government co

29、uld do nothing to raise their wages（考点：同位语从句）that the chairman would agree to this proposal（考点：同上）,九、定语从句,Some of the roads were flooded,_(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).He introduced me to his students,_(他们大部分是英语专业的学生)._(众所周知),water is a liquid.which made our journey more difficult（非限制性定语从句）most of whom were English

30、 majors（考点：同上）As is known to all,十、状语从句,We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).The problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决).You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天发生的).,so that we might get a better view（考点：目的状语从句）that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it（考点：结果状语从句）as long

31、 as you promise to be back before 11 at night（考点：条件状语从句）as if it happened yesterday（考点：方式状语从句）,十一、倒装句,Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了).The husband was not hospitable to the visitor._(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).Only when you adjust down

32、your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖).,when a knock at the door awakened her（考点：Hardlywhen结构）than she fell ill（考点：No soonerthan结构）Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.（考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不”）did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）can we conclude the business（考点：同上）,十二、强调句,_(正

33、是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence._(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive._(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river._(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙)shouting at his mother in the dead of night._(直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williams knew anything about it.,It was Jefferson who wrote（考点：强调主语）It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）It was Jim,the heartless fellow,who was heard（考点：强调主语）It was not until I told her that（考点：强调状语从句）,