introduction论文引言.ppt

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1、How to Write a Thesisin English,1.introduction,Description of this course,Not interestingBut really practical:explaining the requirements and good approaches to the writingHelpful for your future graduate education:Showing how research is undertaken briefly,Teaching Objective,To describe,discuss,and

2、 exemplify the thesis writing for studentsTo show students how research is undertaken and how the writing of the thesis begins and endsTo show students the process of thesis writing(last for 8 months),1.Selecting a topic,Locating your research interestAssigning tutors to you according to your intere

3、stMeeting with the tutor to discuss the topicFilling in the table of selecting the topicSubmitting the topic,2.Writing a Proposal,Collecting dataPreparing a working bibliographyRaising the research questionChoosing the appropriate research methodWriting the literature reviewWriting the outlineFillin

4、g in the table of proposal,3.Writing the Thesis,Submitting the first draft to your tutor before May1st,2012Submitting the second and the third draft The first Thesis DefenseThe second Thesis DefenseSubmitting the relevant materials,需提交的材料,1论文题目申报表2论文开题报告表3开题答辩记录单4指导记录5论文一稿6论文二稿7毕业论文定稿（含电子稿）8毕业实习手册（含

5、实习报告）,Teaching Syllabus,The introduction to graduation thesis Choosing a research topic Reviewing related literature Writing a thesis proposal and an outline,Teaching Syllabus,Explaining elements of a thesis 1.Writing an abstract 2.Writing an introduction 3.Wring a conclusion Documentation Thesis de

6、fense,Final Mark,30%term mark：paying attention to your presence.16-hour courses really help you make the thesis writing easy70%paper mark:writing a thesis proposal,What is graduation thesis for BA,essay:article presenting ones thoughts,feelings,and opinions 短文；散文；小品文 paper:scholarly essay,article or

7、 dissertation,usually intended for publication 文章（尤指学术论文）-RANDOM HOUSE WEBSTERS DICTIONARY of American(1997),research paper 学术论文 academic paper 学术论文 course paper 学科论文 term paper 学期论文,thesis-a formal paper reflecting original research on a subject,esp.one presented by a candidate for an advanced degr

8、ee,as a masters degree 学位论文-RANDOM HOUSE WEBSTERS DICTIONARY of American English(1997),dissertation-a thesis,esp.one written by a candidate for a doctorate degree 学位论文-RANDOM HOUSE WEBSTERS DICTIONARY of American English(1997),Graduation thesis is a research paper which requires much more than perso

9、nal knowledge and experience.We need to search and gather materials from other resources and do research.So a thesis should draw on original conclusion based on information derived from research.,What is research?,Research is the systematic application of scientific methods to the study of problems.

10、,The procedure of doing research?,identifying and choosing a research topic locating and reviewing previous researchassimilating others findings and formulating your focusdeveloping your ideas clearly and convincingly with supporting materials,What has been done?What has not been done?What am I goin

11、g to do?What are my findings?Implications and limitations,Planning and writing graduation thesis is doing a research.,Types of Research,Primary research（初步研究/原始研究）collecting data that does not already exist through numerous forms,including questionnaires and telephone interviews amongst others,condu

12、cting experiments,etc.gathering new ideas and information on your own.,Types of research,Primary research（初步研究/原始研究）There are basic approaches to data collections using primary methods:Qualitative research includes interviews,focus groups,participant observations and ethnographies.(人种学是从人类学中借用的一个术语，

13、意味着对人类文化进行系统的浸入式研究)Quantitative research includes controlled laboratory experiments,field work,questionnaires and surveys.,Types of research,Primary research（初步研究/原始研究）empirical research（实验/证研究）field research（实地/现场研究）narrative research（叙事研究）,Types of research,field research（实地/现场研究）参与式的观察法，是从正在进行的活动

14、过程中发现有意义的事情，然后对其进行反复、深入的观察和实地调查后才形成观点。,Types of research,narrative research（叙事研究）由研究者本人（“我”）“叙述”自己的研究过程中所发生的一系列教育事件：包括所研究的问题是怎样提出来的；这个问题提出来后“我”是如何想方设法去解释问题的；设计好解决问题的方案后“我”在具体的解决问题的过程中又遇到了什么障碍，问题真的被解决了吗？如果问题没有被解决或没有很好地被解决，“我”后来又采取了什么新的策略，或者“我”又遭遇了什么新的问题？,Types of research,Second research/library/desk

15、 research 二次研究 gathering together and analyzing research findings from other peoples research,Types of research,Secondary research consists of summarizing previous studies,reviewing the literature in a given area,and synthesizing the research undertaken by others.Both library research and literature

16、 review belong to secondary research.In most cases,this kind of secondary research is a necessary prerequisite to the primary research because it provides necessary and important information.,By doing research you will learn how to investigate,review,and productively use information,ideas,and opinio

17、ns of other researchers how to use this information with your ideas and present your thoughts,opinions,and conclusions convincingly,Major components of a graduation thesis,preliminaries/front matter（正文前/开篇部分）text/body（正文/主体部分）reference materials/back/end matter（正文后/结尾部分）,The title page（题目页）Abstract（

18、摘要）Table of contents（目录）The body（正文）Notes（注释）Bibliography（参考文献）Acknowledgements（致谢),The title page,Front cover in ChineseThe title of the thesisThe full name of the writer,tutor,specialtyThe department or school,the university;the degree grantedThe month and the year in which the thesis is submitted

19、,Tip The responsible office of the university usually prescribe and prepare the form of the front cover for you.,Sample title pages论文封面.doc,Abstract,Abstract is a concise summary of your thesis.It is usually about 200 or 300 words with 4 or 5 key words.The major purpose of the abstract is not to eva

20、luate,but rather to describe the thesis.,The abstract therefore should have a brief statement of the topic,purpose,scope,and method of the paper,sometimes including the details of results,conclusions or recommendations.,Table of contentsChapter and section number（章节编号）Chapter and section titles（章节标题

21、）Page numbers（页码）,Note The numbering of chapters and the wording,capitalization,and punctuation of titles and headings should be exactly the same as they are in the thesis.,Sample table of contents目录样本.doc,Notes,In any writing not derived purely from your own mind,you must document(prove or support

22、with documents证明/证实)your facts.In writing graduation thesis,there are three ways of citing sources.in-quotation notes（夹注）end-notes（尾注）footnotes（脚注）,Bibliography,There are numerous styles and formats in listing sources in different disciplines and schools.Do it as required.,Major features of graduati

23、on thesisCultivation of your ability to review and analyze A graduation thesis for a B.A.degree is usually not an original piece of work or an original contribution to a field of knowledge.It is rather an original compilation-a bringing together from many different sources,including your own analysi

24、s,into one coherent whole.It is a creation,in which different parts are logically related and all center on one research question.,2.Narrow topic,A graduation thesis for a B.A.degree should center on limited aspect of a general subject.If it is designed to establish a thesis,it should concentrate on

25、 one or two main points.Avoid subjects that would lead you to compile miscellaneous（混杂的）information.So restrict your general subject area until you arrive at something that you can explore in detail.,American Literature of the 1920s On Communicative Language Teaching On Chinas Diplomatic Policy Meta

26、phor Taboos,3.multisources,“If you copy from one person,you are stealing.If you are copying from a hundred people,you are doing research.”(Tian Gui-sen,2006),3.multisources,By definition,a research paper is more than a condensation of easily accessible material.Whatever points you make should requir

27、e careful sifting and comparing of evidence from different,and possibly conflicting sources.,4.Objective in tone,In academic writing,your tone and attitude towards your subject should be serious.The conclusion elaborated in the paper should stay close to the evidence actually presented.,In order to

28、be objective in tone you should avoid first-person pronouns such as I think,as I know,I believe,in my opinion.The reader assumes that statements of your paper are your opinion and represent your point of view.In addition,you should avoid impersonal label such as the researcher,the writer to refer to

29、 the writer of the thesis.,5.No plagiarism,A graduation thesis for a B.A.degree forbids any kinds of plagiarism.You may use and you are encouraged to use others words or ideas but you are not permitted to take theirs as yours.You may quote,paraphrase,translate and summarize others ideas.You need tel

30、l clearly in your paper where you take it.,Why to write graduation thesis,1.The ability to select significant research A topic should be interesting,significant,researchable,modest and well focused,and one that the student can find enough data about.,2.The ability to locate and review previous resea

31、rch They are enabled to read opinion articles,review articles and research reports,and to search for information through reference books,library catalogues,abstract and index service,computer database,online service,and conference proceedings(纪要).,3.The ability to make their own analysis in research

32、 Students are encouraged to ask good questions,to investigate and view things from new perspective and make their own analysis.Their contribution,or“newness”could be new in perspective,method,data or analysis.,4.The ability to express things appropriately in English writing in appropriate style of E

33、nglish choosing appropriate tense making their writing objective in tone and their paper coherent in structure,5.The ability to follow the scholarly style and format Students are encouraged to quote,paraphrase,translate and summarize others ideas,but they are not permitted to take others as theirs.They are enabled to tell clearly in their paper where they take it.,6.The initial ability to do scientific research Students have learned the basic method and technique of doing scientific research through the writing of graduation thesis.,