CET-4翻译讲座(TYQ).ppt

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1、翻译备考,四级汉译英,考点1 语法考点 虚拟语气 倒装 从句 2 词组词汇考点 重复的高频词组注：极大的减少工作量,虚拟语气,四级：06-6-89，06-12-89/90六级：大纲样题72，06-12-新72，07-6-84，07-12-82，08-6-83 08-12-84注：六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次虚拟语气。,倒装,四级：大纲样题88，06-6-90，08-6-91六级：大纲样题76，06-12-新76，07-6-83，07-12-86，08-6-85注：同样地，六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次倒装。,虚拟语气3大考点,1.建议句型2.对过去的虚拟3.含蓄条件句（仅六级

2、考察，四级不做要求）,虚拟语气,1.建议句型 a)Sb.suggest that one(should)do sth.建议 suggest advise,propose要求 require,request,desire命令 demand,order,command其他 recommend,insist,prefer注：不用背，只要看到知道后面用虚拟。,虚拟语气,1.建议句型 b)It is+adj./Ved+that sb.should do sthVed:就是前面罗列的四类动词的过去式也用虚拟。adj:好 reasonable,rational,wise,desirable,fair,nat

3、ural 重要 important,vital,crucial,urgent,essential,虚拟语气,2 对过去的虚拟If one had done sth.,one should/could/would have done sth.,虚拟语气,对过去的虚拟与现在相反 If Ved,主语 would eg:如果上天再给我一次机会的话,我一定会对那女孩说三个字:我爱你 与将来相反 If should/were to,主语 would与过去相反 If had done,主语 would have done（这是考察重点）eg:假如我再认真点的话，我就通过考试了。,虚拟语气,3 含蓄条件句假设

4、的情况不用从句if，而用介词/介词短语表示，如：otherwise,without,but for,in case of例:要不是你帮助我的话，我就没有机会上大学了。If you hadnt helped me,(But for your help),I would not have had a chance to go to college.,虚拟语气,4.It is time that one did（过去式）是时候你该睡觉了。是时候该采取些措施来解决这个问题了。注：历史上没考过，所以没有正式归类。,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-6-89The professor required that

5、_(我们交研究报告)。语法：虚拟1.建议句型词汇：hand in;research,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-12-89The victim_(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.语法：虚拟2.对过去的虚拟 词汇：实意动词“有”和助动词have的重复,真题-虚拟语气,六级大纲样题72It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同).语法：虚拟 1建议句型b形容词表重要词汇：签订合同,真题-虚拟语气,六级06-12-新72If you had _(听从了我的忠告,你就不会陷入麻烦).语法：虚拟 2对过去的虚拟词

6、汇：听从；陷入麻烦,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-6-84It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).语法：虚拟 1建议句型 b形容词“好”如fair,natural,reasonable,rational,desirable,wise词汇：剥夺权利,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-12-89But for mobile phones,_(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 but for=与现在相反。词汇：通信；迅速和方便,真题-虚拟语气,六级08-6-83Mary couldnt have receiv

7、ed my letter,_.（否则她上周就该回信了）。语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 otherwise=与过去相反。词汇：回信,六级最新真题：虚拟语气,2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.语法：虚拟 1b)形容词advisable引导的虚拟词汇：剥夺,倒装,倒装分为：完全倒装&部分倒装在完全倒装（不做考点）中，动词完全提前地点状语提前当句首为副词 ou

8、t，in，up，down，off，here，there 等，如：In came the doctor.某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如：Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！（万岁）May the force be with you!（电影）,部分倒装,句首为否定或半否定的词语，如never,seldom,little,scarcely,hardly,not only but also.（前倒后不倒）no sooner than,hardly/scarcely when（前倒后不倒；前过完，后过）not until（前不

9、倒后倒；前过完，后过）注：hardly/scarcely/no sooner had I when/than I became excited.比较：not until I had did I became excited.Only在句首 写作经典句子：Only in this way can we solve this problem and build up an orderly and harmonious society.,倒装真题,四级大纲样题88Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.语法：部分倒装1

10、.否定词提前，助动词提前。Not only前倒，but also后不倒。词汇：要价。,倒装真题,四级08-6-9191._（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前中not until前不倒后倒；语法前过完后过。词汇：使命。,四级08年12月91题,91.The anti-virus agent was not known _（直到一名医生偶然发现了它）.语法:如果not until不放句首则不倒装,切记!词汇:“偶然”by accident/chance 或accidentally。参考答案：until i

11、t was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,倒装真题六级,和虚拟语气一样，新题型中每次考试，倒装一题。可以预计，这次考试的翻译部分，虚拟语气（含蓄条件）和倒装（not until)各一题。六级大纲样题76 The customer complained that no sooner _(他刚试着使用这台机器,它就不运转了).语法：部分倒装1.no sooner前倒，than后不倒；no sooner前过完，than后过。,倒装真题六级,六级06-12-新7676._(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.竟然比四级简单

12、!语法：部分倒装1.not until前不倒前过完；后倒后过去词汇：截止日（due to Wednesday),倒装真题六级,六级07-6-8383.Only in the small town _(他才感到安全和放松).语法：部分倒装2.only句首，助动词提前。词汇：放松。,倒装真题六级,六级07-12-86The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎).语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前。陷阱：中文翻译部分出现“不”,倒装真题六级,六级08-6-85Never once _(老两口互相争吵)since t

13、hey were married 40 years ago.语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前；since现在完成时态词汇:老两口；争吵。,各类从句,定语从句主语从句状语从句,四级08年12月87题 定语从句,87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_（他们至今还没有答案）.解析：problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that（which错误），核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时。参考答案：which/that they

14、havent found answers to,四级08年12月88题 主语从句,88._（大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.解析：很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about。参考答案：What most parents care about/are concerned about或The concern of most parents,四级08年12月89题 状语从句,89.Youd better take a swe

15、ater with you _（以防天气变冷）.解析：“以防”，“in case”或“lest”如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。参考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold,四级真题中翻译部分的词汇词组考点,词汇考点是针对大纲词汇表中的核心词汇的考查。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，、名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达。有趣的是：有些单词和词组在翻译部分反复被考察，比如“方便”，“归因于”，“

16、本能”等等。,四六级考试中词组的考点,四级大纲样题91By contrast,American mothers were more likely_(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.词组：attribute/ascribe to,单词“方便”,四级07-6-91Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).四级07-12-90I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更方便和省时).,词组“遵守”,六级大纲样题7

17、5The workmen think _(遵守安全规则很重要).词组：遵守 comply with;abide by;引申：六级词综书p112/69,词组“nothing is er/more than”,四级06-12-88Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)六级07-12-83 In handling an embarrassing situation,_(没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了).,词组“adapt(oneself)to”,四级06-12-87Specialists in intercultural studie

18、s say that it is not easy to_(适应不同文化中的生活)六级大纲样题73To our delight,she_(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).,词组apply to/apply for,四级08-6-8787 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology.（能应用于新技术的开发）主要考察apply to用法，考生应注意不要写成apply for，这个是表示申请。,词组 compared w

19、ith/compared to,四级08-6-9090.Being compared with the place where I grew up,（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构，注意主语this town与动词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词；第二点需要注意的是“我成长的地方”考察的是定语从句，并且grew用过去时。,词组 whatever/no matter what 不管是什么,四级08-6-8989.Leaving ones job,whatever job it

20、is/no matter what job it is,（不管是什么工作）,is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.当引导让步状语从句时，whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时，只能用wh-+ever,如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。,比较四级07年12月的89题,89.I am going to pursue this course,_(无论我要

21、作出什么样的牺牲).no matter what sacrifice I am going to make/whatever sacrifice I will make,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,2007年12月的六级考试85题 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning,_(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).本题的考点为behavior,depend on/upon,instinct等基础词汇和固定词组的基本用法。,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,巧合的是,这里的“依赖、依靠”在紧接的后一次2008年的6月的六级考试的第86题又出现了：_（一个国家未

22、来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）the quality of education of its people.,单词“本能”,2007年的12月六级考试的第85题Human behavior is mostly a product of learning,while animal behavior depends mainly upon their instincts(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).2008年12月20日的六级考试第83题 It was very dark,but Mary seemed to know which way to take by instinct.（本能地知道该走哪条

23、路）,本能-本能地;偶然-偶然地,Instinct-instinctively;by instinctAccident-accidentally;by accident四级08年12月91题:91.The anti-virus agent was not known（直到一名医生偶然发现了它）参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,词组“剥夺”；语法“虚拟语气第一种”,2007年6月的六级考试的第84题 It is absolutely unfair that these children be deprived

24、of the right to receive education(被剥夺了受教育的权利).2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.,非谓语动词,1 to do vs.to+doingSpend time/money in doing;have troubles in doing sth.,accuse sb.of doing sth.object to

25、;contribute to;attribute to,prefer A to B;preferable to sth.prior to;posterior to;superior to,inferior to;junior to;senior to,adapt to;adapt oneself to sth.entitle sb.to sth.;access to sth.,非谓语动词,doing vs.done-主动分词和被动分词,基础语法单复数问题,单数可数名词 必须有冠词或者复数冠词 a vs theTheres a Mary waiting for you outside.The M

26、ary who is pretty is waiting for you outside.,Computer,compete,completeCombine,common,commentConnect,content,consent,content,Put in input,Ambition,ancientImprison,innocentrelief,grief,brief,believe,conceive,perceive,句型固定搭配Either or;Neither norNo sooner than;Hardly whenNot only but also,Not that,but

27、thatThe more,the more rather than in case(that),Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活）。adapt oneself to the life in different cultures.,The victim _(本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.could have a chance to survive/could have survived,Some psych

28、ologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独）.who are not home/traveling out/out of their hometown may feel lonely.,（为了挣钱供我上学）,mother is working more than is good for her.In order to make money to send me to school/finance my education,The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度）.at the spe

29、ed of 12 million per year.,The professor required that_(我们交研究报告）by Wednesday.we hand in/turn in/submit a/the research report(s).,Not only_(他向我收费太高），but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he charge me to much,总结：倒装否定前置引起倒装；表语前置引起倒装;虚拟语气引起倒装,The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂）.the more confused I am.,S

30、ince my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）.Nothing is er/more than nothing is more attractive to me than reading,Sing dance pay have dinner/a cup of teaHis body is very healthy.He is physically/mentally healthy.He is no longer dangerous.,72 If you had _(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦）.followed my advic

31、e,you would not have been in trouble(put yourself into trouble),73 With tears on her face,the lady_(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.watched her injured son being sent into the surgery,74 After the terrorist attack,tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.were/have been suggested not to go to that country for now/for the moment,75

32、I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）.via/through/with emails instead of/rather than phone calls,76 _(直到截止日期他才寄出）his application form.It was not until the deadline did he,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的1 主谓一致 they do(are)it/he-does(is),2 名词问题 A.冠词和复数 B.a 和the C.复数D.可数和不可数,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的3 代词一致He

33、hated failure,he has conquered it all his life,has risen above it,and despise it of the others.it;they4 时态一致,错误类型,第二类 尽量改出来5 固定搭配More than;one another/the otherNo sooner than;hardly when;either or,neither nor,6 非谓语动词 doing vs.done;to do vs.doing7 定语从句 what(the thing that),which,that,8 形容词和副词形容词和名词的混淆；形容词和副词混淆原级、比较级和最高级混淆,错误类型,9 平行结构 and/or 10 熟悉的词组 even-even though/if;as-as though/if;used to do-be/get used to doing,11 反义词 no;left/right,right/wrong;direct/indirect;successful/unsuccessful 12 关联词,