高三英语第一轮复习-知识梳理9-4.ppt

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1、Units 45 基础落实.高频单词思忆1.I love going on walks and looking at plants.In fact,I think Ill study(植物学)at university.2.He speaks Spanish with great(流畅)though he is not good at writing it.,botany,fluency,3.There are too many cars on the roads.I think there should be tight（限制）on car numbers.4.Without these g

2、reat historical events,social（发展）could not have proceeded.5.His legs were so numb and his head so dizzy that he must（推迟）his departure.,restrictions,evolution,postpone,6.Telescopes and microscopes are（视觉的）instruments.7.The hunters(目标)was a wild animal.8.Painting in her spare time(成为特色)largely in her

3、life.9.His(良心)troubled him after he took the money.10.Ive received no(回应)from Mr.Smith to my letter.11.The painting looks more beautiful at a d.,visual,target,features,conscience,response,istance,12.He remained fat and his round,red cheeks shone like apples.13.It was just a remarkI wasnt serious.14.

4、I came to her wedding at the _ of her parents.15.He is not enough to be given so much responsibility.,ripe,casual,invitation,mature,.重点短语再现1.适应于2.追溯到；远至年代3.大规模的4.对感兴趣5.偶然遇见6.导致7.（对）有吸引力；呼吁8.贴上；附上9.（使）变成10.适合,adapt to,date back to,on a large scale,take interest in,come across,result in,appeal to,atta

5、ch to,turn.into,fit into,11.依赖，依靠12.不需要；厌恶；对不耐烦13.以任何方式；在任何方面14.如果这样的话15.有意义；讲得通,rely on,have no use for,in any way,if so,make sense,.典型句式运用1.The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away.我们花园里的植物看上去是那么熟悉，以致于我们常常意识不到在这

6、些植物中有许多实际上来自遥远的国度。这是一个复合句，以so.that引导的 从句，在状语从句中that引导的从句作_的宾语。,考点提炼,结果状语,realize,so.that.。引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后跟adj./adv.。句式是：adj./adv.adj.+an/a+可数名词单数 many/few+可数名词复数 much/little+不可数名词,如此以致于；如此,使得,so,+that从句,2.With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives,it is important to understand h

7、ow advertisements work.我们的日常生活中充满了众多的广告信息，可见了解广告如何发挥作用是很重要的事情。该句为一主从复合句。句首为with复合结构，在句中作_语；it作形式主语，作真正的主语，从句how advertisements work 作understand的_语。,考点提炼,不定式短语,状,宾,3.When it comes to advertising,consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers.涉及广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩 When it comes to

8、.是个固定结构，意为“_”。,考点提炼,谈到，涉及到,导练互动重点单词1.attachPollen becomes to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit.(回归课本P38),attached,观察思考Attach the coupon to the front of your letter.把优惠券附在信的正面。They have attached a number of conditions to the agre

9、ement.他们在协议上附加了一些条件。I attach great importance to this research.我认为这项研究十分重要。This does not attach any blame to you.这事你一点责任也没有。,归纳总结attach vt.&vi.意为：attachment n.附着，附属；依恋attach sth.to sth.把系到上；附上；（使）与有联系attach oneself to参加；和在一起；缠着某人be attached to sb.依恋；属于，加入；隶属于attach to sb.与某人相关联；归于某人attach importance

10、/significance/value/weight to sth.重视；认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）,把固定；附,与有联系。,加；重视；,即学即用（1）我认为这项调查很有重要性。I this research.（2）你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。Youll this department until the end of the year.（3）没有人指出这个产品可能会危害健康。No one is suggesting that any health risks this product.,attach great importance to,be attached to,attach

11、 to,（4）很容易喜欢上你教的孩子们。Its easy to the children you work with.（5）这件事不怪你。No blame you in this affair.,become attached to,attaches to,2.worthySome adverts,like the environmental protection advertisement below,appeal to our conscience or our desire to be citizens.(回归课本P43)观察思考Hes a worthy model worker.他是个

12、名副其实的模范工人。Danny is a good player and is worthy of a place in the team.丹尼是个好手，作为这个球队成员之一是当之无愧的。,worthy,归纳总结worthy adj._。易混辨异worth,worthy,worthwhile(1)worth强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”，其句式为：sth.be worth doing或sth.be worth sth.。The book is well worth reading.这本书非常值得读。The sweater is worth 300 yuan.这件毛衣价值300元。,有价值的

13、；可敬的；值得的,(2)worthy强调“应该得到；值 得”。一般不表示价值，其句式为:sth.be worthy of sth.或sth.be worthy of being done或sth.be worthy to be done。His deed is worthy of praise.His deed is worthy of being praised.His deed is worthy to be praised.(3)worthwhile强调“值得花时间或精力”，其句式为：It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.。It is worthwhile d

14、iscussing/to discuss the problem.这个问题值得讨论。,他的行为值得称赞。,即学即用（1）这幅画值多少钱？（2）他觉得他配不上她。（3）把这都再写出来似乎不必要。,How much is this painting worth?,He felt he was not worthy of her.,It didnt seem worthwhile writing it all out again.,3.raise We have found it very difficult to the money we need.（回归课本P46）观察思考 This weigh

15、t is too heavy.I cant raise it.这东西太重，我举不起来。Salaries have been raised since the beginning of 2009.自2009年初工资一直在提高。We are raising money for the charity.我们在进行慈善募捐。,raise,The farmer raises chickens and corn.农夫养鸡和种植玉米。They are proud to have raised such a fine son.养育这样一个好儿子他们感到很自豪。归纳总结raise。,vt.举起；提高；筹募；饲养

16、；种植；养育,易混辨异raise,rise(1)raise为及物动词，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。Prices have been raised up.价格提高了。（强调人为的因素）(2)rise为不及物动词，意为“升起，上升；起立；起床”，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。（3）有些情况两者都可用。Prices rose gradually.价格逐渐提高了。（强调客观的因素）,即学即用（1）In May,2008,we(捐款）for the people in Wenchuan.（2）When she was a baby,her parents died and she(由她祖父母抚

17、养成人）.,raised/collected money,was raised/brought up by her,grandparents,4.date back to Collecting“exotic”plants,as they are called,the earliest times.(回 归课本P32)观察思考 This tradition dates back to medieval times.这个传统起源于中世纪。His interest in stamp collecting dates back to his school days.他对集邮的兴趣始于学生时代。,dat

18、es back to,归纳总结date back to意为：，是一个由“动词+副词+介词”构成的动词短语，to为_，相当于date from或go back to。此短语 被动语态，通常用于 时态。out of date(n.)过时的to date到目前为止up to date新式的；合乎时代潮流的make/fix a date定个日期begin to date开始过时date sb.for the dance约某人去跳舞,追溯到，始于,不用于,一般现在,介词,即学即用（1）到目前为止，我们已收到200多封回信。（2）这一习俗可以追溯到几百年前。（3）我们得为下次会议定个日期。,To date

19、,we have received over 200 replies.,The custom dates back to hundreds of years.,We need to fix a date for the next meeting.,5.turn.into.which us walking advertisements.（回归课本P42）观察思考 We must try our best to turn our dreams into reality.我们要努力把梦想变成现实。She turned her old dress into a skirt.她把旧衣裳改成了裙子。Wat

20、er turns into ice when it freezes.天气冷时水会结冰。,turn,into,归纳总结turn into(=change into)意为：_。turn on打开turn to转向；求助于turn off关掉turn against背叛；不利于turn back收回；扣留turn down拒绝；调低音量by turns轮流地turn up出现；增大音量in turn顺序地turn in上交take turns轮流turn out生产；结果是,变成了,即学即用用turn的相关短语填空(1)My wallet was to the police two days lat

21、er.(2)Jake his computer and checked his email.(3)It was a difficult time,but eventually things all right.(4)Dont worry,Im sure a job will soon.(5)Dont forget to the lights _ when you leave.(6)She her singing talent extra money.,turned in,turned on,turned out,turn up,turn,turned,into,off,6.rely on Ho

22、wever,it would be no use advertising products on radio if the ad visual effects.（回归课本P43）观察思考 You can rely on me to help you.你可以依靠我来帮助你。I relied on your coming early.我指望你早点来。,relies on,归纳总结 rely on意为：，同depend on。（1）动词rely的其他形式：relies,relied,relied,relying。（2）rely常和介词on/upon搭配使用。（3）常用搭配：rely on/upon

23、sb./sth.,rely on/upon sb./sth.doing sth.,rely on/upon sb./sth.to do sth.,rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth.。即学即用（1）这天气可是靠不住。（2）你应该相信你自己的判断。,依赖，依靠,You cant rely on the weather.,You should rely on your judgement.,7.respond to Television adverts are great for generating emotional a product，.（回归 课本P43）观察思考 M

24、y mother opened the door in response to the knock,but there was no one outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人 都没有。She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。The disease failed to respond to the drugs.这些药对这个病未能奏效。,responses to,归纳总结respond to意为：_。in response to作出对的反应make a quick response to对作出

25、很快的反应make no response to sb.s inquiry对某人的询问不予答复respond vi.回答，答复，响应respond with a smile以微笑作为回答respond to sb.with sth.用回答某人,响应；回答；对作出反应,即学即用单句改错(1)The law was passed in response on public pressure.(2)Carl made not response,and carried on with his meal.(3)The exhibition has received a positive response

26、s from visitors.,onto,notno,responsesresponse,8.Collecting“exotic”plants,as they are called,dates back to the earliest times.收集所谓的“异国”植物，要追溯到 很久以前。典例体验 You know as much about it as I do.对这件事，你和我知道的一样多。He was a foreigner,as I detected from his accent.他是个外国人，我是从他的口音中听出来的。,Dont read such books as you d

27、ont understand.不要读类似这些你不理解的书。As is known to all of us,China is stronger and stronger.众所周知，中国越来越强大。归纳总结本句是一个复合句，as引导_从句，句子的主语是Collecting“exotic”plants,谓语是_。as作关系代词引导定语从句（非限制性和限制性）,非限制性定语,dates back to.,as引导限制性定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语等，常用的结构为：the same.as,such.as.等。as还可以代替整个句子的内容，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。此时，as引导的从

28、句可放在句首、句中、句末，意思是“正如，就像”，常用的结构有：as you know,as anybody can see,as is known,as is said above,as it is,as is often the case等。,易混辨异which和as的用法（1）关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代替整个主句的内容，但从句不能在句首，只能在主句之后；as引导非限制性定语从句，既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后。The boy didnt come back that night,which worried his parents much.这个男孩那天晚上没有回来，这

29、使得他父母很担心。As has been said,Wang has been married to Li.正如人们所说的王和李结婚了。,（2）as表示“随着”时，是连词，引导时间状语从句，而with表示“随着”时，是介词，不引导句子。As time went on,he grew clever and clever.=With time going on,he grew clever and clever.随着时间的推移，他越来越聪明了。（3）as作prep.，多用于正式场合；like常用于look like,feel like,sound like,like this/that等。Let

30、me speak to you as a father.让我作为一个父亲跟你说话。,Let me speak to you like a father.让我像一位父亲那样跟你说话。As a boy,he lived in Beijing.=When he was a boy,he lived in Beijing.他小时候住在北京。即学即用_(据通知所说),we shall have our final exams next month.(2)In August,2009,she went to college,(这使她妈妈很兴奋）.,As has been announced,which,m

31、ade her mother excited,品味构词1.利用词的搭配，品句填词You should read this book on how to avoid ill while travelling.I think that it will do you good.(get)串联扩展 只用动名词作宾语的动词,getting,2.利用合成法，品句选词 I live in a smallfar from the city.If you want to come here you can go the road and then you can find a market resembling

32、 a.A.down B.town C.downtown,B,A,C,串联扩展,downstairs,downmarket,downfall,downhill,目光向下的,悲哀的,使降级，降职,3.利用派生法，品句填词Mr.Chen is my for a loan from the branch of the China tothe bank that I will pay back all the debt.(guarantee),guarantor,guarantees,串联扩展,guardianship,guardian,保证书;担保人,guarantor,考题回扣【例1】I like

33、getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good.(全国高考)A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed 解析 在“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构中，动词 不定式用主动形式表被动意义。课文原文 Television adverts are expensive.,B,to make,and to show,【例2】well prepared you are,you still need a lot of luck in mountain climb

34、ing.(上海高考)A.However B.WhateverC.No matter D.Although 解析 因为空格后出现了副词well,且本题句意为“无论你准备得多好，在登山中你仍需要一些运 气”，故空格处应表示让步，用however或no matter how。课文原文 good an advertisement is,people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.,However,A,【例3】The glass doors have taken the place of the wo

35、oden ones at the entrance,in the natural light during the day.（天津高考）A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let解析 句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木头门，在白天能让自然光进来。空白处在句中作状语，let与句子的主语之间是主谓关系，且动作是同时发生的，故用现在分词形式。课文原文.and dressed as a Chinese man,his head in the Chinese style.,even,shaving,B,【例4】I hear theyve promoted Tom,but he d

36、idnt mention when we talked on the phone.（江西高考）A.to promoteB.having been promotedC.having promotedD.to be promoted解析 句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆,但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语,此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示“被提拔”的动作在mention前发生。,B,课文原文There are also laws in most places that prevent advertisers making false statements a

37、bout their products or from immoral or harmful behaviour.,promoting,【例5】The fact that she never apologized a lot about what kind of person she is.（山东高考）A.saysB.talksC.appearsD.declares解析 say a lot about为固定表达，意为“清楚地表明”。句意为：她从不道歉这个事实就清楚地表明了她是一个什么样的人。课文原文Advertisements must not other peoples products.,

38、say bad things about,A,自主检测.品句填词1.He has to(低下)his head to get through the door.2.As we all know,sea water c much salt.3.She has learned English for more than five years.Now she speaks it with f.4.She is said to have(延迟)her wedding again.,lower,ontains,luency,postponed,5.With the development of tech

39、nology,all the fields here can get i.6.He has had no(回应)to my letter.7.Nowadays it is the f to wear short skirts in the street.8.He graduated from college last year and in October,2009 he was(提升).9.The police told the drivers to(小心)of the icy road.10.In order to avoid a c,I had to give in.,rrigated,

40、response,ashion,promoted,beware,onflict,.短语运用1.In the play,he an ugly and funny beggar.2.As a primary school boy,he collecting stamps.3.Their account of events ours.4.The family story _ from generation to generation.5.The sun _ light and heat,referred to as the source of life.,take interest in,pass

41、on,fit in,belong to,run out,dress as,conflict with,give out,rely on,in other words,dressed as,takes interest,in,conflicts with,passes on,gives out,6.He has never done this type of work before;I am not sure how hell with other people.7.In modern society,people increasing computers in both their work

42、and daily life.8.They asked him to leave,he was fired.9.By the end of this month my money will have.10.The big fire destroyed many of the cars people who worked in the building.,fit in,rely,on,in other words,run out,belonging to,.完成句子1.(我怎么谢你也不过分)for what you helped me.2.(随着时间的流逝)，the computer devel

43、oped very quickly.3.Can I buy stamps here?Well,(我们确实卖邮票),but we havent got any at the moment.4.I will tell her,(如果有必要).5.(很遗憾)you couldnt come.,I cant thank you enough,With the time going on,we do sell them,if necessary,Its a pity(that),_(直到1972年)that the war finally came to an end.7.We should(呼吁公众节

44、约能源).8.Some people may suffer from depression because they are unable to(适应现代生活 快节奏).9.The manager had to(签 上自己的名字)the contract.,It was not until 1972,appeal to the public to save,energy,adjust to the,fast pace of modern life,attach his name to,10.Not only(他们不仅要学会帮助残疾 人),but also they learn the impo

45、rtance of cooperating to reach their goals in life.,do they learn how to assist,disabled people,.单项填空1.My interest in English September 2009 when I met our present English teacher.A.dates fromB.dated fromC.dates backD.dating back to解析 根据句子结构知此处缺谓语，排除D项；C项自身不对；date from/date back to始于（过去某个时候）；追溯到，多用一

46、般现在时。,A,2.The disc,digitally in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recording B.to be recordedC.having recordedD.recorded解析 recorded过去分词短语作定语，相当于which was digitally recorded in the studio。,D,3.Modern China is experiencing a completely new period respect for science and creativity

47、has become the guiding principle of society.A.which B.where C.in which D.that解析 考查定语从句。period作先行词引导定语从句，应用when或in which并在定语从句中作时间状语，故选C项。,C,4.Ladies and gentlemen,welcome to my program.me this evening is Dr.Gray.A.To joinB.JoinC.JoinedD.Joining解析 考查倒装句。分词置于句首时，句子要倒装。这句话的正常语序是：Dr.Gray is joining me t

48、his evening.。,D,5.You should avoid with your neighbours.A.warsB.battlesC.conflictsD.struggles解析 conflict冲突；war战争；battle战斗；struggle斗争，奋斗，根据句意知C项符合。,C,6.The last few months an attractive subject appearing in the news papers more and more:the Olympic Games.A.seeB.are seeingC.sawD.has seen解析 由the last f

49、ew months“近几个月”可知谓语动词应用现在完成时，故选D项。在文学作品中，有些动词see,find,witness等的主语有时是无生命的名词使语言更为生动。,D,7.Brussels,the capital city of Belgium,is home to the European Union,_ organization of European nations.A.the;anB./;anC.a;anD./；the解析 句意为：欧联盟总部座落在比利时首都布鲁塞尔。be home to为固定短语，不加冠词；an organization作European Union的同位语。,B,

50、8.Its a Chinese custom to eat jiaozi at the Spring Festival.A.everydayB.typicalC.thrillingD.surprising解析 typical传统的；everyday每日的，日常的；thrilling激动人心的；surprising令人吃惊的。根据句意应选B项。,B,9.Yesterday we saw a film based on Hugo,a famous French writer,which remains much of the books flavor.A.exoticB.attractiveC.b