高三英语第一轮复习-知识梳理10-4.ppt

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1、Units 45基础落实.高频单词思忆1.The radio says a cold front is coming,with strong winds from the northwest.The highest temperature during the day will be two degrees(摄氏温度的).2.The baby is too small to(消化)meat.,centigrade,digest,3.Having no children of their own,they decided to(收养)an orphan.4.She(像)her sister in

2、 appearance but not in character.5.The value of this property was _(评估)at one million dollars.6.There are(货币)restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel.7.The only way that they can preserve their history is to(叙述)it as legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.,adop

3、t,resembles,assessed,currency,recount,8.They accused him of having(偏见)against his women employees.9.I(欣喜)to hear of your promotion last month.10.We had to overcome all kinds of(障碍)and difficulties.11.His pretended friendship was part of the(欺骗).12.If your rates meet with our(认可)，we will sign a contr

4、act with your company.,prejudice,rejoiced,obstacles,deception,approval,13.At that low price the house is a b.14.Do you give any(打折)？15.The new machine works more ethan the old one.,argain,discount,fficiently,.重点短语再现1.竭尽全力做某事2.对评价不高3.违心地4.最后；详细地5.徒劳6.立起身来7.杰出8.用的名字9.有效的；在实施中10.顺利应付；克服；传播出去,do everyth

5、ing in ones power to.,think ill of,against ones will,at length,in vain,pull oneself up,stand out,under the name of.,in force,get round,11.易于；往往会12.取决于13.详细地14.看穿；识破15.立即，马上,tend to,up to.,in detail,see through,straight away,.典型句式运用1.Suppose you were on holiday and you had a really good novel that yo

6、u had been looking forward to reading.假设你在度假，你手里有本你一直盼望一读的好小说。suppose（或supposing）引导的从句相当于由_引导的条件句。如果是不可实现的条件和情况，从句的谓语动词要用 语气；suppose还可用来构成祈使句表达，其后接祈使语气的从句。be supposed to是个惯用语，意为“”。,考点提炼,虚拟,建议或提议,被期望，应该,if,2.Do you read the newspaper in the same way as you read a novel?你读报纸像读小说一样吗？(1)the same as中的as可

7、以被认为是 代词，引导 从句。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。(2)the same.that表示“和一样”时，指同一人或物。the same.as则指和前面的名词为同一类别，但不是同样的东西。,考点提炼,定语,关系,3.At this time the only respectable career for a woman was to marry,so the dilemma of her heroines was also to marry but for love.那时，女性唯一受到尊重的事业就是嫁人，所以她作品中的女主人公也为无爱情的婚姻所困扰。句中 是不定式作表语，不定式作表语

8、多用来表示具体的行为，特别是 的行为。,考点提炼,to marry,将来,导练互动重点单词1.inspectAfter I had _ the wall closest to the bungalow I carefully descended,my lucky chain dangling round my neck.（回归课本P45）观察思考The customs official inspected my passport suspiciously.海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。On inspection the notes proved to be forgeries.经检查，发现

9、钞票是伪造的。,inspected,归纳总结inspect vt.。inspect sth.检查某物inspect a school/factory视察学校/工厂inspect sb./sth.for sth.检查；审视inspection n.检查，视察inspector n.检查员；督学，巡官（警察）,检查；视察,易混辨异examine,inspect,investigate三者都有“调查，检查”之意。(1)examine可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确认事物的性质、功能、特点等。(2)inspect侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。(3)investigate指为发

10、现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。,即学即用（1）将军视察了他的部队。（2）警察查看了那个箱子以寻找指纹。,The general inspected his troops.,The police inspected the box for,fingerprints.,2.proposeWhen she meets him a second time at his aunts house,she is astonished when he marriage to her.（回归课本P47）观察思考He proposed that we should go for a walk.

11、他提议我们去散步。I propose an early start/to make an early start/making an early start tomorrow.我打算明天早点出发。He was afraid that if he proposed she might refuse.他担心他若求婚，她会拒绝。,proposes,归纳总结propose。propose作“”讲时，后接的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”。proposer n.提议人，建议人proposal n.提议，建议；求婚propose(marriage)to sb.向某人求婚,v.提议；打算；求婚,提议，建

12、议,即学即用(1)The committee proposed that _(着手起草新 法规).(2)He was trying to decide _(是否该向她求婚).,a new,regulation should be drafted,whether he,should propose to her,3.discountAt first,in spite of disliking him,she didnt his affection,.（回归课本P47）观察思考We give a 15%discount for cash.现金付款，我们予以八五折优惠。You discounted

13、my advice.You might have succeeded otherwise.你忽视了我的忠告，否则你会成功的。,discount,归纳总结discount n.；vt.。a 10%discount打九折at a discount打折扣；不时兴的discount shop/store廉价商店 discount sth.discount wh-clausediscounted prices/fares打折价/票价,打折，折扣,不重视，不理会,不重视/不理会某事物,即学即用（1）他们销售的所有商品都打折。（2）我们不能低估再次发生罢工的可能性。,They were selling ev

14、erything at a discount.,We cannot discount the possibility of,further strikes.,4.declineAt first,in spite of disliking him,she didnt discount his affection,and was sensitive to the pain she was going to cause him when she his offer of marriage.（回归课本P47）观察思考They asked me to their party,but I declined

15、 the invitation.他们邀请我参加宴会，但是我婉言谢绝了。Support for the Party continues to decline.,declined,对该党的支持率继续下降。The town fell into a decline after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽车的增加导致了公共交通工具的减少。归纳总结decline v.；n.。decline an offer拒绝请求decline an

16、invitation谢绝邀请decline to answer a question拒绝回答问题,拒绝；下降；减少,衰弱；削减,fall/sink into a decline开始衰落，衰弱下去；体力衰退（尤指因患肺病而衰弱）on the decline走下坡路；在衰退中the decline of life晚年，暮年易混辨异decline,refuse,reject三个词都有“拒绝”的意思。（1）decline指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。He declined the nomination.他谢绝了提名。（2）refuse普通用语，指“坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝”。,He refused to

17、 take the money.他拒绝接受此款。（3）reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”。They rejected damaged goods.他们拒收损坏的货物。即学即用（1）市场行情下跌。Market.（2）很抱歉，我不得不辞谢。Regretfully,.（3）会员价减少到了3 000 元。Membership three thousand yuan.,I must decline,expects to decline,decline to,5.up toThere are certain techniques you can learn and then it is you

18、 to practise,practise and practise.(回归课本P32)观察思考Its up to you to decide whether we will visit the Great Wall or not.由你来决定我们是否去游览长城。Its not up to you to tell me how to do my job.还轮不到你来告诉我怎么做我的事。,up to,归纳总结up to意为：。up to date最新式的up to now/then直到现在/那时not be up to much质量差；不很好；值不了多少up to sth.达到（某数量、程度等）；

19、至多有up to doing sth.（体力或智力上）能胜任即学即用（1）Shall we eat out or stay in?_(由你来决定).（2）(由你选择)where we should go.,取决于；由决定,Its up to you,Its up to you to choose,重点短语与句型6.relate toThink about what you are listening to and how the information what you already know.（回归课本P40）观察思考She related to them how it happened.

20、她给他们讲那事发生的经过。Were only interested in the events that relate directly to the murder.我们只对与谋杀案直接相关的事情感兴趣。We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。,relates to,归纳总结relate to意为：。related adj.有联系的；有亲戚关系的closely related紧密相关的directly related有直接关系的relation n.关系，联系；亲戚，

21、亲属；交往；事务注意 表示“关系，联系”时用单数形式；表示“交往；事务”时用复数形式。have relations with sb.与某人有交往have relation to sth.同某事有关in relation to与相比较；与有关,讲述；与有关；涉及，谈到,I have nothing further to say in relation to this matter.关于这件事，我没有更多好说的。即学即用（1）以后，工资的增加将和业绩挂钩。In the future,pay increases _ _ productivity.（2）这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。Much of

22、the crime in this area _ drug abuse.（3）第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。The second paragraph the situation in Scotland.,will be,related to,is related to,relates to,7.under the name ofThe three Bronte sisters adopting this practice,Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote George Eliot.（回归课本P42）观察思考Her poems first appeared i

23、n 1749,under the name of“Sylvia”.她的诗最初以“西尔维亚”的名字发表于1749年。Did he publish the novel under his own name,or under a penname?他是以自己的名字还是以笔名出版了那部小说？,under the name of,.,归纳总结under the name of意为：。by name名叫，用名字by the name of名叫的name after以命名in name名义上的，有名无实的in the name of以的名义with the name名叫即学即用（1）He writes(以的

24、名字)Nimrod.（2）They said they came _ _(以和平的名义).,以的名义,under the name of,in the name of,peace,8.stand outAmong them Charles Dickens(18121870)as a literary critic of the injustices of his society.（回归课本P42）观察思考That hat stand out because of its strange shape.那顶帽子因造型奇特而引人注目。The country is to stand out a cri

25、sis.这个国家正打算抗过一场危机。,stands out,归纳总结stand out(from/against sth.)。stand out from sb./sth.远远超过某人/某事stand out against sth.坚持抵抗stand out for sth.拖延以期达到目的即学即用(1)The diamond _(在的映衬下很显眼)a dark background.(2)They were all attractive,but she _ _(比其他人更有魅力).(3)More and more people are _ _(反对他的建议).,显眼，突出,stands o

26、ut well against/from,stood,out from the others,standing out,against his suggestion,9.think ill ofI have every reason in the world to you.（回归课本P47）观察思考You should not think ill of your friends.你不该贬低你的朋友。People think ill of the way to cut the forests to expand the farmland.人们认为伐木造田的做法是不对的。,think ill of

27、,归纳总结think ill of意为：。think little/poorly of.对评价不高，不看重think much/highly/well of.对高度评价，看重think nothing of.认为很平常think badly of sb.不喜欢某人；对某人失望speak well/highly of.对高度赞扬speak ill of.讲的坏话,对评价不高；贬低,即学即用（1）她认为一天步行三十英里不足为奇。She _ thirty miles a day.（2）我认为她的主意不怎么样。I dont.（3）我希望你不要怪罪我离开了。I dont hope you _ me fo

28、r leaving.,thinks nothing of walking,think much of her idea,think badly of,10.see throughSceptical reviewers did not this deception and gave their approval to their work.(回归课本P42)观察思考Why do you believe him this time?Cant you see through his lies?为什么你这次相信他的话？难道你看不穿他的谎言吗？Dont try to play a trick on me

29、!I can see through your little game.别想和我耍鬼计，我能看穿你的鬼把戏。,see through,归纳总结see through意为：_。(1)see through sb./sth.看穿或看透某人/某事物；识破see sth.through把某任务、事情等进行到底see sb.through满足某人的需要；帮助或支持某人go through走过，经历go through many dangers/the forest/the papers/the drawer经历许多危险/走过森林/阅卷/翻抽屉pass through从经过、走过,看穿，识破,pass t

30、hrough the village从村庄中走过pass by从旁边经过look through浏览；仔细检查live through活过一段时间；经历talk through讨论(2)see sb.off为送行;送别；驱逐（某人）；打败某人see to sth.注意；照料see about sth.办理；照料；安排see over sth.察看（某处）see sb.through sth.帮助某人度过seeing that.鉴于；由于；因为,即学即用（1）我们无法透过雾看见东西。We couldnt the mist.（2）他提出帮助我读完大学。He offered to _ college

31、.（3）我能透过窗户看见他。I could.（4）我准备把戏看完。Im going to.（5）她决心把这项工作干到底。Shes determined to.,see through,see me through,see him through the window,see the play through,see the job through,11.It is the same with reading.阅读也同样如此。典例体验Tom likes singing,but he doesnt enjoy dancing.汤姆喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是如此。Tom is from Am

32、erica,but he can speak Chinese very well.汤姆是美国人，但他汉语讲得很好。约翰也是如此。,It is the same with Mary.,It is the same with John.,归纳总结It is the same with.表示，尤其是在前面提到了两种（以上）情况的时候，就可以用此句式。（1）So it is with sb./sth.=It is the same with sb./sth.也同样如此。（2）如果前面只提到了一种肯定的情况，要表示“也如此”，可以用“so+be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has

33、.)+主语”这一句式。如果前面只提到了一种否定的情况，要表示“也不如此”，则可以用“neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has.)+主语”这一句式。,前面的情况也适合,于后者,即学即用(1)Singing is very interesting and it needs much practice._ _(舞蹈也是如此).(2)India is a large country and now it is developing very quickly._ _(中国也是如此).,So it is with dancing/It is the same

34、,with dancing,So it is with China/It is the same,with China,品味构词利用近形异义词，品句选词（1）The doctor picked my blood to make an analysis of my disease.A.simpleB.exampleC.sample（2）The focused on three problems at the press conference.A.majorB.mayorC.majority,C,B,A,串联扩展近形异义词（1）simple(adj.)简单的 sample(n.)样品,式样（2）(

35、v.)游荡；漫游 wonder(v.)惊讶；自问（3）flood(n.)洪水(n.)血,血液（4）match(n.)比赛;(v.)行走 watch(n.)手;(v.)观（5）(v.)改变,变化 very(adv.)非常 every(adj.每一的)(6)(v.)改编；使适应 adopt(v.)收养；采纳,采用,wander,blood,vary,adapt,(7)(adv.)在车(船)上 abroad(adv.)在国外(8)affect(v.)影响 effect(v.,n.)产生,影响(n.)努力(9)attitude(n.)态度(n.)高度,纬度(10)(n.)生涯,事业 cancer(n.

36、)癌症(11)bend(v.)弯曲,鞠躬(n.)带子;乐队(12)blush(v.)脸红(n.,v.)刷子 bush(n.)灌木,aboard,effort,altitude,career,band,brush,(13)carve(v.)雕刻 cave(n.)洞穴(n.)曲线(14)(adj.)松散(疏松)的 lose(v.)丢失 lost(adj.)丢失的(15)major(adj.)主要的 mayor(n.)市长_(n.)肥皂 soup(n.)汤(17)protect(v.)保护(v.)抗议(18)quite(adv.)非常(adj.)安静的,curve,loose,soap,protes

37、t,quiet,(19)(n.)阶段 phrase(n.)词组,短语(20)property(n.)财产(n.)贫穷 prosperity(n.)繁荣(21)(n.)数量 quality(n.)质量(22)pocket(n.)口袋(n.)小包(23)saw(v.)锯开；看(v.)缝纫 sow(v.)播种,phase,poverty,quantity,packet,sew,(24)tone(n.)音调；气氛(n.)曲调,调子(25)rise(vi.)升起(vi.)出现 raise(vt.)提起(26)(n.)肉,肌肉 fresh(adj.)新鲜的 flash(v.,n.)闪光(27)fright

38、(n.)惊吓(n.)飞行(n.)货物(28)(n.)框架 flame(n.)火焰,tune,arise,flesh,flight,freight,frame,（29）expend(v.)花费(v.)扩大，膨胀（30）extend(vt.)伸长，延展(n.)范围；程度（31）dawn(n.)黎明 down(adv.)向下(v.)淹死，溺死（32）grasp(v.)抓住(v.)气喘（33）grow(v.)生长(v.)发光,expand,extent,drown,gasp,glow,（34）crash(v.,n.)坠落(v.,n.)压碎 clash(v.,n.)冲突，碰撞（35）tend(v.）趋势

39、；照看(n.)趋势，趋向 intend(v.)意图，打算（36）power(n.)功，动力；权力(n.，v.)粉末；抹粉,crush,trend,powder,考题回扣【例1】Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be to the kids.（江西高考）A.accessibleB.relativeC.acceptableD.sensitive 解析 句意为：弗兰克把药放到最上面的抽屉 里，确保它不被孩子们够到。accessible意为“易接近的”；relative意为“相对的，比较 的”；accept

40、able意为“合意的，受欢迎的，可 接受的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。根据句 意应该选A。课文原文 You may even be able to access some“talking books”,.,A,【例2】Have you got any job offers?No.I.（辽宁高考）A.waitedB.had been waitingC.have waitedD.am waiting解析 句意为：有人给你提供工作了吗？没有,我正在等着。用现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。课文原文 When I am spelling words,I try to“see”the

41、 words in my mind.,D,【例3】and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.（浙江高考）A.To be tiredB.TiredC.TiringD.Being tired解析 本句中的“Tired and short of breath”为形容词短语作状语，补充说明主语所处的状态，又如：Tired and hungry,I arrived at home last night.。课文原文Terrified,I grasped at the object and f

42、ound I was holding a claw.,B,【例4】Liza well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.（全国高考）A.will B.canC.must D.may 解析 句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行 她讨厌旅行。may well意为：很可能，极有可 能。表示猜测。当表示猜测时，will和can不能 与well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。课文原文“I might as well enquire,”replied she,.,D,【例5】in the queue for half an hour,the old

43、man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.（福建高考）A.WaitingB.To waitC.Having waitedD.To have waited解析 逗号前的部分是时间状语，不定式一般不作时间状语，首先排除B、D两项；wait的动作在realize之前，故用分词的完成式。课文原文Being immediately hailed as“the masterwork of a great genius”,Jane Eyre became a great success.,C,自主检测.品句填词1.Our new secr

44、etary is a smart,(效率高的)worker,and the boss is quite satisfied with her.2.Dont agree that the expedition is an outstanding example of human(努力，尽力).3.If you really want to learn English well,first of all,you have to d it.,efficient,endeavour,igest,4.Before using the new washing machine,youd better rea

45、d the（手册）carefully.5.It is difficult to a the effects of the new method of teaching English at this stage.6.Even the smiles of the girl r her mother.7.Dont be so s I wasnt criticizing you at all.,manual,ssess,esemble,ensitive,8.She is a kind girl,whenever she d somebody,she does it in a rather polit

46、e way.9.Surely it would be s to get a second opinion.Anyway,it is a matter of great importance.10.After having failed three times,he finally passed the driving test.Naturally all his friends(欣喜)at the news.,eclines,ensible,rejoiced,.短语运用 1.You repeat the experiment.2.She takes his work seriously and

47、 criticism.3.It seemed that little Tom was made to go to school.,at length,against ones will,in vain,think ill of,do everything in ones power,may as well,straight away,be sensitive to,under the name of,stand out,may as well,is,sensitive to,against his will,4.Most readers _ his latest novel.5.I may a

48、s well tell you _,and I will do what I can to help you.6.What his mother said was.He just behaves as before.7.He is very kind and always _ _ to help those in trouble.8.We waited for nearly 40 minutes and the train arrived.9.His red hair made him _ in the crowd.10.He wrote the book _ Saki.,in vain,do

49、es everything,at length,stand out,under the name of,thought ill of,straight away,in his power,.完成句子1.假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（suppose）2.要不要这份礼物由你决定。（be up to）3.记住，你必须在十一点以前回家。（keep in mind）,Suppose you were in my position,what,would you do?,Its up to you whether to accept the,present or not.,Keep in mind t

50、hat you have to be home by,11 oclock.,4.我们将在以后的一章中对这一点作详细的探讨。（in detail）5.我喜欢看生活在自然栖息地的动物而非动物园内的动物。（prefer to;rather than）6.我们所有的努力都付诸东流了。（in vain）,We will discuss it in detail in a later,chapter.,I prefer to see animals in their natural,habitat rather than in zoos.,All our efforts were in vain.,7.他