高三英语第一轮复习-知识梳理.ppt

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1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors基础落实.高频单词思忆1.The discovery of oil is of great(意义)to the countrys economy.2.(不知怎么地)the thieves had managed to get in through a tiny bathroom window.3.The mayor(称赞)the firemans bravery in his speech.,significance,Somehow,applauded,4.He was(逮捕)for stealing a car.5.I am afra

2、id I have no(选择余 地)but to report you to the police.6.He is very(有条理的)in all he does.7.It is generally a that stress is caused by too much work.8.The house was always m.9.She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly s it out.10.A hedge forms the d between their land and ours.,arrested,alternative,sy

3、stematic,ssumed,essy,pat,ivision,.重点词语再现1.向前看；为将来打算2.追溯到3.受够了；厌烦；饱受4.切碎5.至多6.不管，不顾7.因而逮捕某人8.欣慰地9.以为骄傲10.向某人求助,look ahead,date back,fed up with,cut up,at most,regardless of,arrest sb.for.,with relief,be proud of,turn to sb.for help,.典型句式运用1.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thic

4、k,which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的 积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个 冬天都在烧火。（1）句中suggest的含义是“”。（2）“must have+过去分词”用来表示对过去 某种情况的推测，可能性较大，意为“”，只用于，在疑问句 或否定句中常用can/could代替。,考点提炼,暗示；,意味；表明,一定、,肯定发生了某事,肯定句,2.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up an

5、imals and remove their skin.看起来似乎是他们用尖利的石头工 具来切割动物并剥去它们的皮毛。It seems(to sb.)that/as if.意为：,as if后边可 用 语气。seem to be/like+n.似乎，好像 seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像正在做/已经做了某事 seem(to be)+n./adj.似乎是 There seems to be.好像有,考点提炼,（对某人来说）似乎,虚拟,3.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious

6、 smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到达目的地的时 候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。句中“had done.when.”是一 个常用句型，意为“”。when表示“就在那时”意义时，常见句式及意 义如下：,考点提炼,（刚）做完了就在那,时,4.That(The fire)would have kept 饭，还可 以用火来吓跑野兽。them warm,cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.他们用火来取暖、做饭,还可以用火来吓跑野兽。would表示猜测，意为：“,”，用

7、于虚拟语气。would,used to都表示过去习惯性的动作。would不涉及与现在情况的对比，常带有浓厚的 感情色彩。used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种 习惯现在已不存在了。,考点提炼,想必,肯定会,导练互动重点单词1.assume So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.(回归课本P38)观察思考 I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以为他是比利时人。Dont always assume the worst

8、.别总往最坏处想。,It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare.法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。,归纳总结assume。(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that.被认为(2)assumption n.假定，假设make an assumption认为，假定on the assumption that假定(3)a

9、ssuming that.假设/假定,v.假定，假设，设想；承担,易混辨异assume,guess,imagine(1)assume假设，设想，认为；指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。（2）guess猜测，猜想，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。（3）imagine想像，指毫无根据、随意想像，可在脑海中构成清晰明确的图像。,即学即用（1）(假定 他还活着)，how old would he be now?（2）(我们假定)for a moment that the plan succeeds.（3）His actions we

10、re based on(一个错误的设想).,Assuming that hes still alive,Let us assume,a false,assumption,2.alternative alternative sharpen identify(回归课本P40)观察思考 The way was blocked,so I went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我走了另一条。,You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the two alternatives.你的工资可

11、以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票 支取。二者可选其一。Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？,归纳总结alternative adj.；可能的选择；选择对象。alternative energy可替代能源an alternative to.的替代品have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做There is no alternative.别无选择,供选择的,其他的,n.,易混辨异alternative,choice,selection(1)alternative一

12、般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。An unhappy alternative is before you.Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr.Collins,and I will never see you again if you do.摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题，你得自己去选择。如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲就再也不想见你，而如果你要嫁给他，我就再也不愿见到你。,(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。The store offers a wide c

13、hoice of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。,即学即用（1）你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。You marrying or remaining a bachelor.（2）我提议这次假期不是爬山就是到海边去。I offered spending the vacation

14、 in the mountains or by the sea.（3）你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？Do you to the problem?,have the alternative of,the alternative suggestions of,have an alternative solution,3.interrupt Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?（回归课本P38）观察思考 Go on,please.I dont want to interrupt you.请继续，我不想打断你的谈话。World

15、 War interrupted many students study.第二次世界大战中断了许多学生的学业。Please dont interrupt me while I am writing.我在写作时请不要打扰我。,归纳总结Interrupt&，；。interrupt sb.打断某人讲话或正在做的事interruption n.中断，打断without interruption不间断地cut/break into.打断，插话put in.插嘴说（后接插入说的内容）,vt.,vi.,打断,中断,打扰,易混辨异interrupt,disturb（1）interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言

16、语或行为，使其不能继续。interrupt sb.打断某人讲话或正在做的事interruption n.中断，打断without interruption不间断地（2）disturb较正式用语，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。,即学即用（1）电话铃声打断了他的谈话。（2）如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。,He was interrupted by the ringing of the,telephone.,If you get up early,try not to disturb,everyone else.,4.arrest She ha

17、d almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(回归课本P43)观察思考 Embry was arrested for stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。He was placed under the house arrest in 1995.他在1995年被软禁。The police expected to make an arrest soon.警方很快就会进行拘捕。,归纳总结arrest 逮捕；拘留；vt.；吸引arrest sb

18、.for.因而逮捕某人get arrested遭逮捕arrest ones attention引起注意under arrest被捕make an arrest进行拘捕,n.,逮捕,即学即用（1）You(可能遭逮捕)for doing that.（2）An unusual noise(引起了他的注意).（3）She was(被捕)on suspicion of murder.,could get arrested,arrested his,attention,under arrest,5.relief Lala smiled with relief.(回归课本P43)观察思考 This medi

19、cine will give you some relief.这药会为你减轻一些痛苦。The doctors are working for the relief of suffering.医生们为解除病痛而工作。To our great relief,the children all arrived home safely.孩子们都安全到家了，我们大大松了一口气。Relief was flown to the floodhit areas.救济物品被空运到洪水受灾地区。,归纳总结relief；解除；，救援物品(1)give a patient relief from pain使病人减轻痛苦m

20、uch to ones relief(=to ones great relief)使某人大为放心的是，使某人深感宽慰的是provide relief for refugees救济难民(2)relieve vt.解除，减轻，缓和relieve sb.from anxiety消除某人的忧虑relieve sb.of解除某人的（负担等）；减轻某人的（痛苦等）,n.,减轻,慰藉,救济,即学即用（1）令我庆幸的是，车还没有损坏。,the car was not damaged.（2）他们正给水灾中无家可归的人们发送救援物 资。They those made homeless by floods.,Muc

21、h to my relief,are sending relief to,（3）能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。Being able to tell the truth at last.（4）新来的秘书会减轻一些我们文案工作的负担。The new secretary will some of the paperwork.,seemed to relieve her,relieve us of,重点短语与句型6.look ahead If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!(回归课本P43)观察思考 He looked

22、 ahead in order to find his mother.为了找到他的妈妈，他向前看去。Looking ahead,I think the company needs to develop some new services.为将来做打算，我认为公司需要发展一批新业务。,归纳总结look ahead意为：；。look around/round仔细查看；寻找look after照料，照顾；关心；注意look back回顾，回想look down upon/on歧视，看不起look forward to希望，盼望look on sb.as把某人看做（或当做）look into调查，审查

23、look out当心；注意look through浏览；仔细看look up好转，有起色；向上看；查找look up and down上下打量,向前看,为将来打算,即学即用（1）这是艰难的一年，但怀特一家在尽力向前看。Its been a tough year,but the Whites.（2）一名特别调查员将对这些谋杀案展开调查。A special investigator will the murders.（3）我们非常盼望再见到你。Were so much you again.（4）考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记。She her notes before the examination.,a

24、re looking ahead to the future,look into,looking forward to seeing,looked through,7.cut up It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(回归课本P38)观察思考 Alice cut up the meat and began to cook it.艾丽丝把肉切碎并开始炒。Mary was really cut up when her friend died.玛丽的朋友死

25、了的时候，她伤心极了。,归纳总结cut up意为：；。cut into pieces砍成碎片cut in插嘴cut across抄近路穿过；横越cut down砍倒；缩减cut.in half/two/into halves将切成两半cut off切断；割掉；截断（退路等）cut out切去；剪去；删去；略去cut through刺穿,切碎,使伤心/难过,即学即用用cut的相关短语填空(1)You smoke too muchyou should really try to.(2)She kept on our conversation.(3)Our water supply has been

26、.(4)She was pretty about them leaving.,cut down,cutting in,cut off,cut up,8.regardless of So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.(回归课本P38)观察思考 I shall go regardless of the weather.无论天气好坏我都要去。They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was ra

27、ining.尽管下雨，他们还是继续工作。,归纳总结regardless of意为：，侧重指不计后果和代价。(1)in spite of(=despite)不管，不顾；尽管，虽然。regardless of,in spite of,despite后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that.。(2)as regards关于;至于in regard to/of关于in this regard关于此事with regard to关于regarding prep.关于,不管,不顾,即学即用（1）俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。The club welcomes all new member

28、s age.（2）他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。They decorated the house.（3）The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable his financial situation.A.with reference toB.owing to C.in terms ofD.regardless of,D,regardless of,regardless of,the costs,9.fed up with Well,Im fed up with all the

29、 attention and.(回归课本P41)观察思考 Im fed up with waiting for her.我等她等烦了。People are fed up with all these traffic jams.人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。You look fed up.Whats the matter?你满脸不高兴的样子，怎么啦？,归纳总结fed up with意为：；。feed on/off sth.以为食feed through to sb./sth.最终得以提供给feed sb.up养壮，养肥feed your face大吃一顿give sb.feedback on sth

30、.给某人提供某事的反馈信息feed sb./sth.on sth.用喂养feed sth.to sb./sth.喂给be fed up(with)讨厌；对不感兴趣feed on sth.（动物）以为食，靠活live on sth.以为主食；靠生活,受够了,厌烦,即学即用用feed的相关短语填空(1)You can these carrots _ the rabbits.(2)People here rice chiefly.(3)In the end,I just got his constant complaining.(4)Im really this weatherwhy cant it

31、 be sunny for a change?A.fed up toB.fed on C.fed toD.fed up with,D,feed,feed on,fed up with,to,10.If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！典例体验 If only I knew her name.要是我知道她的名字就好了。If only hed remembered to send that letter.要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我

32、要是能讲几种外语就好了！,归纳总结“if only+句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“”(1)if only.could/would+do.表示对将来事情的愿望（不用should）。(2)if only.did.表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。(3)if only.had done.表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。,要是就好了/但愿！,注意 区分if only与only ifonly if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。,即学即用（1）但愿我很富有。（2）今年春节全家能团圆就好了！（3）只有得到老师允许，学生才能进这间屋

33、子。（4）我的儿子学习不好，要是他不是总看电视就 好了。,If only I were rich.,If only the whole family could be united,during the Spring Festival!,Only if a teacher has given permission,is a student allowed to enter this room.,My son cant study well.If only he,didnt spend so much time before TV.,品味构词利用构词法，写出下列划线部分的词义1.He visit

34、ed his parents at irregular intervals.2.He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement.3.She is very knowledgeable about plants.4.There is very little likelihood of that happening.5.Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.,无规律的,判断力,博学的,可能性,同样地,6.The rope holding the boat loosened.7.A crowd of onlo

35、okers gathered at the scene of the crash.8.I didnt mean to leave her name off the list and it was an oversight.9.After five years in the job,he was beginning to feel restless.10.Officials have ordered a rerun of the last race.,松了,旁观者,疏忽,不耐烦的,重新赛跑,11.She keeps the house so spotless that her husband l

36、oves her deeply.12.It was a very stressful time for all of us.13.Housework has traditionally been regarded as womens work.14.I sat down at the nearest unoccupied table.15.Alice seemed totally unmoved by the whole experience.,一尘不染的,艰难的，有压力的,传统上,无人占用的,冷漠的,考题回扣【例1】This special school accepts all disabl

37、ed students,educational level and background.（江苏高考）A.according to B.regardless of C.in addition to D.in terms of 解析 according to根据；regardless of不 管，不顾；in addition to除之外(还)；in terms of从的观点，从的角度。本题选B项。句意为：这所特教学校接收所有的 残疾学生，不管他的受教育水平和背景如何。,B,课文原文So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these

38、 caves,regardless of the cold.,【例2】Ill give you my friends home address,I can be reached most evenings.（北京高考）A.whichB.when C.whomD.where 解析 由于先行词是home address表示地点,故 定语从句中的关系词应为where。课文原文 Weve discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves where they made fires.,D,【例3】Over the past decades,sea ice

39、in the Arctic as a result of global warming.（浙江高考）A.had decreasedB.decreased C.has been decreasingD.is decreasing 解析 由句中的时间状语over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知句子的谓语 动词应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时态。课文原文 Well,weve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves,and we think these were their most dangerous e

40、nemies.,C,【例4】the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.（湖南高考）A.CompletingB.Complete C.CompletedD.To complete 解析 句意为：为了按计划完成工程，我们不 得不每天多工作两个小时。此处用动词不定式 作状语，表示目的。课文原文 Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.,D,【例5】What a pity!Considering hi

41、s ability and experience,he better.（江西高考）A.need have done B.must have done C.can have done D.might have done 解析 句意为：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经 验,他本可能做得更好。A项“本来有必要做（而没做）”；B项是对过去发生的事情的肯定 的推测,表示“过去一定做了”；C项是对过去 发生的事情的不肯定的推测；D项表示“本来可 以”。,D,课文原文We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which sugges

42、ts that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.,自主检测.品句填词1.You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the two a.2.I have to s the pencil.It doesnt write well.3.Millions will face s next year as a result of the drought.4.Its widely accepted that botany falls into the c of

43、 biology.,lternatives,harpen,tarvation,ategory,5.After her performance,the audience stood up and a the actress for a long time.6.There has been a(重大的)improvement in the companys safety record.7.(不知怎么地)the thieves had managed to get in through a tiny bathroom window.8.He was(逮捕)for stealing a car.9.T

44、hey were(打断)by a knock at the door.10.His room is always(凌乱的).,pplauded,significant,Somehow,arrested,interrupted,messy,.短语运用cut up,regardless of,be similar to,lead to,if only,due to,as well as,be aware of,keep out,at most1.They have shut the door and meant to us.2.The vegetables should be into small

45、 pieces and dropped into the boiling water.3.He failed again!he had had more courage!,keep,out,cut up,If only,4.The delay was heavy traffic.5.The road our school was destroyed by rain last night.6.All the people should be treated with respect race,education and wealth.7.We have almost the same opini

46、ons.My opinion hers.,due to,leading to,regardless of,is similar to,8.He said the government the serious problem and making efforts to solve it.9.There are 50 people.10.Tom,his parents,will go to the museum tomorrow.,was aware of,at most,as well as,.完成句子1.The game(因 下雨中断了).2.I didnt see your car,so I

47、(认为你出去了).3.My teacher is always smoking in class,(不管学生的健康).4.You cant even cut up meat with the knife,it(需要磨一下).5.Efforts(维护和平)have failed.,was interrupted by the rain,assumed that,youd gone out,regardless of the health of the students,needs sharpening,to preserve the peace,6.The book gives a(贫困及其根源

48、的 详细分析).7.(具体问题具体对待).8.The new drug(对这种病的 治疗有重大意义).,detailed analysis of,poverty and its causes,Deal with specific problems specifically,has great significance for,the treatment of the disease,9.There exist significant differences between(西方和我们的教育制度).10.The ambassadors wonderful speech(赢 得了经久不息的热烈掌声

49、).,Western educational systems and,those of ours,received long-lasting warm applause,.单项填空1.British adventurer and swimmer Lewis Gordon Pugh became the first person to swim in the icy waters of North Pole,to raise awareness of how global warming the polar ice cap.A.had affectedB.is affecting C.affec

50、tedD.will affect 解析 因为全球变暖是现在人类面临的有待解 决的客观问题。因此用现在进行时态在句中表 示渐进的意味。,B,2.You have the of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful.A.selectionB.choice C.alternativeD.option 解析 由句意可知是在两者之间进行选择，所 以用alternative“在两者之间的选择”。,C,3.They publish large numbers of fairy tales ev