材料概论材料科学概论课件双语.ppt
《材料概论材料科学概论课件双语.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《材料概论材料科学概论课件双语.ppt(72页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、November 2011,Introduction to Materials,材料学院,材料概论Introduction to Materials,ContentDefinition材料的定义Types材料的类型Structure材料的结构 Structure properties processing 结构性能工艺之间的关系,Chapter 1 Introduction to Materials,1 Materials and Material Science,材料的发展史,就是人类社会的发展史。,石器时代陶器时代青铜器时代铁器时代,材料的重要性,无机非金属材料,复合材料,高分子材料,金属
2、材料,木材皮革纤维,纸,青铜,铁,钢,金,皮胶,橡胶,赛璐珞,陶,玻璃,水泥,火石,合金钢,耐热合金,先进功能陶瓷,各种基体复合材料,功能高分子,高温高分子,高强高模高分子,通用高分子,韧性工程陶瓷,金属陶瓷,耐火材料,时间/年,相对占有量,玻璃态金属,5000公元前,0公元,1000,1500,1800,1900,1940,1960,1980,1990,2000,2010,纤维增强塑料,稻草杆砖,微合金钢,骨,瓷,材料的发展历史,()石器时代:旧石器时代原始人采用天然的石、木、竹、骨等材料作为狩猎工具;新石器时代公元前6000年,人类发明了火,掌握了钻木取火技术,用以烧制陶瓷。瓷器的出现已成
3、为中华民族文化的象征之一,对世界文化产生过深远的影响。,原始人打造的石器,印地安人用的石斧,()青铜器时代:这是人类社会出现最早的金属材料,中国历史上曾有过灿烂的青铜文化。,青铜鼎,青铜宝剑,青铜编钟(chimes),(3)铁器时代:用铁作为材料来制造农具,铁在农业上的广泛应用,推动了以农业为中心的科学技术日益进步;以钢铁为中心的金属材料大规模发展,有力地摧毁了封建社会的生产方式,萌发了资本主义。,hoe,铁斧,铁梨plow,(4)聚合物时代 二战后各国致力于恢复经济,发展工农业生产,对材料提出了质量轻、强度高、价格低等一系列要求。具有优良性能的工程塑料部分地代替了金属材料。合成高分子材料的问
4、世是材料发展的重大突破,从此以金属材料、陶瓷材料、高分子材料为主体,建立了完整的材料体系,形成了材料科学。,Polymeric Biomaterials,人工心脏:聚酯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂人工肺:硅橡胶半透膜关节(肩、髋、膝):聚四氟乙烯人工肾(kidney):透析膜,Atrifical Heart,Artifical Bone,Resomer Resorbable Polyester:Polylactide,Polyglycolide or the copolymersBoehringer Ingelheim KG,1 Materials and Material Science,影响材料使用
5、的因素,materials behavior,availability,cost,synthesis and production method,processing techniques,environmental acceptability,1.1.1 DefinitionConstitute:The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles,having a submicroscopic size.组成:构成物质世界的材料由具有亚微观尺度的各种微粒子组成。,1 Materials and
6、 Material Science,Materials:defined as solids used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment.,Character:materials have certain compositions;can be formed;with certain shape and color;can be used and reused or recycled.特点:具有一定的成分和配比;可成型加工;保持一定形状和外观;具有使用价值并可回收再利用。
7、,可成型加工,保持一定形状和外观,具有使用价值,Essential role of materials:indispensable to our society as food,energy and information.substance material:differences,材料的应用领域,战机,舰船,导弹,火箭,人造卫星,战车,高速列车,汽车,高层建筑,1.1.2 Classification Basis of classification:atomic structures nature of chemical bonds:金属键 Metallic bond离子键 Ionic b
8、ond共价键 Covalent bond次价键 secondary bond 范德华力 Van der Waals bond 氢 键 Hydrogen bond,Classification:metals and their alloys:-metallic bonding,Classification:organic polymers-covalent bonding&secondary bonding,Classification:ceramics-ionic bonding&covalent bonding,Types of materials,Metals and their allo
9、ys:are good conductors of heat and electricity;are opaque to visible light;are hard,rigid;can undergo plastic deformation have a high melting temperature(Tm).,Organic polymers:made up of long-chain molecules;are electrical and thermal insulators;are light and easily formable;and the best-known organ
10、ic polymers are:poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC);polyethylene(PE);polystyrene(PS).,Ceramics/inorganic nonmetallic materials:the combination of metallic elements(Mg,Al,Ti,.)with non-metallic elements(o);have high mechanical and thermal resistance at high temperature;are very hard and used as abrasives;are e
11、lectrical and thermal insulators;but some are thermal conductors,or semiconductors.,Composite materials:are constituted by two or more different materials,have specific properties.glass fiber reinforced resins:lightweight composites with high mechanical strengthconcrete:an agglomeration of cement,sa
12、nd and gravel,1.1.3 Properties Mechanical properties:the behavior of materials deformed by a set of forces.弹性 Elasticity 塑性 Plasticity 强度 Strength 硬度 Hardness 韧性 Toughness 疲劳特性 Fatigue behaviour 耐磨性 Abrasion resistance,Physical properties:the behavior of materials subjected to the action of temperat
13、ure,electric or magnetic fields,or light.电性能 Electric properties 磁性能 Magnetic properties 热性能 Thermal properties 光性能 Optical properties,Chemical properties:the behavior of material in a reactive environment.抗腐蚀能力 Corrosion resistance:atmospherically,chemically(salts,sour,alkali),1.1.4 Use of material
14、sFactors related to the use of a material are:Quality:properties and functions Economy:costs related to materials,processing and energy Environment:environmental behavior of the material Resources&Recycling:resources and possible recycling,1.1.5 Materials Science Materials Science:to establish the r
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 材料 概论 材料科学 课件 双语
![提示](https://www.31ppt.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-6474398.html