大学英语四级翻译解题技巧.ppt

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1、大学英语四级翻译解题技巧,刘伯茹,一、大学英语四级翻译三大考点：,1、固定搭配：名词与动词搭配、形容词与名词搭配、动词与副词的修饰关系、名词与介词搭配、固定词组以及固定表达2、核心语法：虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句（主从、宾从、定从、状从、表从）、非谓语动词、比较结构等。3、核心动词以及动词短语的考查。,二、大学英语四级翻译题型特点和解题关键,题型特点：-半句英语、半句汉语（这就要求翻译出来的英语与已给出的英语在结构和搭配上一定要匹配）。The concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square,_(观众坐在地上)。（The audience sit

2、 on the ground(wrong)）(正确答案应为with the audience sitting on the ground)If this cant be settled reasonably,it may be necessary to_(诉诸武力)。(resort to force),二、大学英语四级翻译题型特点和解题关键,解题关键：1、分析已给英文的句法结构，明确所翻译部分在句中的语法作用以及主要考点-词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)、虚拟、倒装、倍数、时态、语态 2、看括号里的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。确定关键词、词组或

3、句型，将汉语部分译成英语。3、检查所翻译部分与已给英文在结构和搭配上是否匹配。The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了)（was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather）The room is in a terrible mess,it _(肯定没打扫过)。（cant have been cleaned）Contrast may make something appear _(比单独看的时候更漂亮)（more beautiful t

4、han it is when seen alone）,三、四级翻译评分原则及标准,整体结构和语言均正确，得1分。结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：,1.(should)+动词原形的情形2.if或but for等引导的条件句3.wish,if only,it is time的用法,I.(should)+动词原形的情形,1在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,

5、promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that 座位要预定。(the seats(should)be booked in advance)He proposed that 派人请医生。(the doctor(should)be sent for.)注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation,

6、he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。(we hand in our research report(s),I.(should)+动词原形的情形,2在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词H

7、e issued the order that 部队马上撤退。(the troops(should)withdraw at once.),I.(should)+动词原形的情形,3在形容词important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible,anxious,compulsory,crucial,eager,essential,impossible,improper,obligatory以及短语no wonder,a pi

8、ty等可以构成“It is+形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that（立即采取行动。）(some immediate effort(should)be made.)真题重现It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).Key:(should)be deprived of the right to receive education.,II.If引导的虚拟条件句,II.If引导的虚拟条件句,He wouldnt feel so cold _(他要是在室内。)（if he were indoor

9、s.）I am sorry I am very busy just now.If I had time,_(我肯定陪你去看电影了。)（I would certainly go to the movies with you.)The conference _(是不会开得这么成功的)if we hadnt made adequate preparations.(wouldnt have been so successful)_(如果明天下雪）,I should(would)stay at home.（If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow）【C

10、ET-4:2006.12】The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案：would have survived,正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were，had,should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面。例如：Were I to meet him tomorrow(=If I were to meet him tomorrow),I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。Had I had the money last yea

11、r(=If I had had the money last year),I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。Should there be any trouble with the boiler,the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。,but for=if it were not for/if it had not been for,But for your help they（他们不会及

12、时完成这项任务）.（would not have fulfilled the task in time）But for mobile phone,_（我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)。（our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient）.If it had not been for your help,_(我就会陷入麻烦了).（I would have been in trouble）.I used my calculator;otherwise Id have taken much longer.Withou

13、t you timely help,my daughter would have drowned.,It is(high,about)time that句型要求用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式(有时也有should+动词原形，但should 不能省），指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Its time that_(采取措施)about the traffic problem downtown.(something was done/some measures were taken)It is time that（孩子们该睡觉了）。（the children went to be

14、d.）,动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,I wish（她在这里就好了）。,I wish（你明天跟我们一块去。）,I wish（那时她要是听我的话就好了。）,（she were here.）,（you would go with us tomorrow.）,（she had taken my advice.）,if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）,If only she（她那时要是知道到哪里去找你就好了）。,我要是能讲几种外语就好了！,If only I could speak several foreign languages!,（had known where to find yo

15、u.）,would rather,would sooner,would just as soon后句子用虚拟语气,通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。表“宁愿”“但愿”如：Id rather（你别这样做。）（you didnt do it.）I would rather.（你当时不知道那个坏消息。）（you hadnt known the bad news then)Id just as soon（要是你昨天在这里就好了。）（you had been here yesterday.）,“in case（that）,lest(that),for fear that”可

16、以用来引导虚拟语气,意为“以防，以免，唯恐”，,虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”构成He took his coat with him（以防下雨。）（in case it should rain.）I will not make a noise（唯恐打扰你。）（for fear that I should disturb you.）Care must be taken in using this method（以免发生溢流现象。）（lest overflow should occur.）,由as if/though引导的状语从句表虚拟,从句谓语用动词的过去式(be用were)或had+过去

17、分词,如：I recollect it as if it were yesterday.She talked as if she knew all about our plans.,1)It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).2)_(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),we would have had quite a comfortable journey.3)I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).4)It didnt rain last night._(要是下了，地就会湿的).5)_(如果我一直住在纽约),I

18、 would know the U.S.well now.1)everyone(should)be prepared for emergency2)If he had booked tickets in the way I told him 3)if I had not been interrupted4)If it had rained,the ground would be wet5)If I had been living in New York,6)If the doctor had not come in time,_(他现在就不在人间了).7)But for his help,_(

19、我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).8)I used my calculator;_(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).9)Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).10)Had it not been for their opposition,_(这项法案早就通过了).11)Should there be another world war,_(人类的继续存在就会有危险).12)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).6)he would be dead now7)we could not have rent a house at suc

20、h a low price8)otherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question9)I would seize the opportunity without hesitation10)this act would have been passed much earlier11)the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy12)lest he should awaken the baby,倒装,英语最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词”

21、结构。有时为了强调某一部分而把谓语动词放在主语前面，形成倒装。将谓语动词全部移至主语之前的为全部倒装；只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前的为部分倒装。1.全部倒装(1)介词短语作地点状语位于句首。例如：At the bus station was a teacher and two young students on their way to college.On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.(2)一些副词，如in,out,here,there,now,then,up,down,away,off等位于句首,后面的动词是be,come,

22、exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand，而主语又是名词时。例如：The door opened and _(进来一个穿蓝衬衫的老师).（in came a teacher in his blue shirt）Here_(汽车来了）.(Here comes the bus).Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.注意：如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。例如：Away they went.Here he comes.,2.部分倒装(1)一些表示否定意义的副词位于句首时，主句的主语和谓语部分倒装

23、。这类副词主要有：at no time,by no means,few,hardly,scarcely,in no way,in vain,little,never,not,no longer,not until,nowhere,on no account,rarely,seldom,under no circumstances等。例如:In no way does the temperature equal the amount of heat.Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to g

24、o on strike.Never did he speak about his merits.,Not until yesterday _（小约翰才改变了主意。）(did little John change his mind.)_(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.(2008.6)key:Not until he had accomplished his missionUnder no circumstances _(他们放弃学习)。(will they give up study).(2)当句首状语由“only+副词”，“o

25、nly+介词词组”，“only+状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：Only yesterday _(他才发现他的手表丢了）（did he find out that his watch was missing）.Only because there were some cancelled bookings _（他最终才搞到一些票）（did he get some tickets in the end）.Only in this way_（这个问题才能得以解决）。(can the problem be solved),(3)not only置于句首时，引起句子倒装当句中使用并列连接词not o

26、nlybut also时，如果将not only置于句首，句子要部分倒装。例如：Not only_(他写了歌词),but he also composed the music.（did he write the words to the song）Not only_(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job either.(样卷)（Not only did he charge me too much）(4)在sothat句型中，若强调引出的表语或状语，经常将其放在句首。例如：So fat was he that he couldnt get thro

27、ugh the door.So _（他说话声音这么大）that students at the back heard him clearly.（loudly did he speak）,（5）neither,nor位于句首，可代表前文所述情况，后接代表动词的助动词，谓语其他部分承前省略。例如：Jack didnt like the movie,_(我也不喜欢）.（neither did I）。If we dont raise our interest rate,_（其他的银行也不）（nor will the other banks).He enjoys reading English,_(我也

28、是)。(so do I)(6)复合句中表示“刚一就”的结构位于句首，如“Hardlywhen”,“Scarcelywhen”，“No soonerthan”等。这种结构一般前半句用过去完成时，后半句用过去时。例如：Hardly _(他们刚走进教室)when the bell rang.(had they entered the classroom)Scarcely had he arrived when she started complaining.No sooner _（我们刚一到达山顶）we all sat down to rest.（had we reached the top of

29、the hill than）,（7）在as,though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：1）Small as the atom is,we can smash it.2）Old as/though he is,he works like a young man.尽管他很老了，但他工作起来却像个年轻人。Hard as/though he was working,he didnt pass the exam.虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。（8）虚拟语气中，条件句省略if时，需把had/were/should移至主语之前，形成倒装结构。,强调,强调就

30、是为了语义的需要，通过提前所要强调的结构或其他语法手段而达到强调的目的。常见的强调结构通常有以下几种。1.用do/did/does置于谓语前强调谓语结构。I do love my career as an English teacher.Susan did hurt her mothers feelings.2.用“it+is/was+所强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分”强调谓语之外的任何想强调的句子成分（主语/宾语/表语/状语等）。He parked the car in the garden yesterday.3.对notuntil句型的强调结构是“It is/was not

31、until+时间状语+that+原句其他部分”。I didnt understand the true state of affairs until I had read your letter.变为强调句：It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.）,Not until 句型的两种常考形式,The students didnt stop talking until the teacher came in.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。The sports meet w

32、ill not be held until next week.直到下周才开运动会。一、Not until 放句首用倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.Not until next week will the sports meet be held.二、not until的强调结构为:It is/was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.。上面两句改为强调句为:It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped ta

33、lking.It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.,比较结构具体考点,一：原级比较一般用asas;not asas;the same as;特殊结构 A is to B what/as X is toY;A+倍数或几分之几 as+adj./adv.+as+B.这个工作不如你想象的那么难。The work is not as difficult as you think.空气与我们的关系就像水和鱼的关系。Air is to us as water is to fish.这本书的厚度是那本书的两倍。This book

34、 is twice as thick as that one.难点结构：as+adj.+n.+as分句和as much/many+名词+as+分句I dont want as expensive a car as this.=I dont want a car as expensive as this.I cant drink as sweet coffee as this=I cant drink coffee as sweet as this.She has written _(跟她哥哥一样多的文章)。(as many essays as her brother.),比较结构具体考点,二：

35、比较级常用结构:A+比较级 than+B特殊结构：the more the more(越越)；more and more（越来越）Since my childhood I have found that_.(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).(2006.12)Key:nothing is more attractive to me than reading/nothing appeals to me more than reading.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).（2006.06）Key:the more confused I am.,比较结构具体考点,三：以拉丁文

36、-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than.这些词是：superior,inferior,senior,junior,prior（在。之前）,He is three years senior to me.This type of computer is superior to that type.This brand is inferior in quality to that one.Prior to his death,something strange happened.四、倍数表达法1)A is 倍数 as+adj./adv.+as+B（A是B的X倍）2)A is 倍数

37、+the size/length/width of B3)A is 倍数 more than B(A比B多几倍),这只钢笔的价格是那只钢笔的2倍。This pen is twice as expensive as that pen.这个盒子比那个盒子重4倍。This box is four times as heavy as that box.This box is three times heavier than that box.地球是月球大小的49倍。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.4）还可以用by+倍数，表示增加或减少多少倍The

38、production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。decrease by 20%减少了20decrease to 20%减少到205)还可以用double，triple等词Their grains have doubled this year.他们的粮食今年增加了1倍（是的二倍）。Their grains have tripled this year.他们的粮食今年增加了2倍（是的三倍）。,比较结构具体考点,比较结构具体考点,On average,it is said,visitors spen

39、d only_(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.Key:half as much money.五、用prefer表比较：1）prefer A to B在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词或动名词。例如：在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。I prefer dogs to cats.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。Most people prefer trains to buses.我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.,比较结构具体考点,2）prefer

40、to do sth.rather than do sth.他宁死也不做叛徒。He prefer to die rather than become traitor.我觉得与其去看电影倒不如待在家里。I prefer to stay at home rather than go to see a film.(going to see a film)rather than也可以置于句首：Rather than buy a car of his own，he prefers to rent one.六、用表示“与相比”的短语_(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosper

41、ous and exciting.Key:Compared with(the place)where I was brought up,比较结构具体考点,Your losses in trade this year are nothing_(与我的相比).（样卷）Key：compared with mine/in comparison with mine.,no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过”He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。（强调少）He has not

42、more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过5美元。no more than含有消极否定的意思，可译为“A与B都不，不 也不”not more than 含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异。He is no more diligent than you.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。（两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than=as much as 意为：“竟有之多，多达”强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述no less th

43、an 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为：“是是，正是，和 一样,多达，应有之多”His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）,从句,1)时间状语：Some psychologists claim that people _（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006.12)（may feel lonely when theyre away from home.）

44、The anti-virus agent was not known_(直到一名医生偶然发现了它).(2008.12)Key:unitil a doctor discovered it by chance.2)让步状语从句Leaving ones job,_(不管是什么工作),is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.06)Key:no matter what job it is;whatever job it is I am going to pursue this course,_(无论我

45、要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)Key:No matter what sacrifice I will have to make;whatever sacrifice I will make;,从句,3)条件状语：Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话)(2007.6.)(if its convenient for you./at your convenience)4)定语从句Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_.(他们至今

46、还没有答案).(2008-12)Key：that/which they have no solutions to so far.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_.(我们可以合作的领域).(2007-06)Key:the field in which we can cooperate.,从句,5）主语从句_(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.(2009.6)Key:what many people havent realized _(大多

47、数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.Key:What most parents are concerned about 见2010.12 90题,从句,6）表语从句In my sixties,one change I notice is that_(我比以前更容易累了).Key:I am more inclinded/liable/prone to tiredness than before.,四级新题型经典翻译练习(1),1.A mans worth lies not so much in w

48、hat he has(而在于他是什么人)2.(不管他喝了多少酒)it had no noticeable effect on him.3.(和同龄的其他孩子相比),Robert is very tall.4.The UN(已要求双方遵守)the ceasefire.5.（真是不凑巧），the one time I wanted to see her,she wasnt in.1.as in what he is 2.However much he drank3.Compared with other children of the same age.4.has called on both s

49、ides to observe5.As chance would have it,四级新题型经典翻译练习(2),6.(要不是几次打断)the meeting would have finished half an hour ago.7.It is simple.The more preparation you do now,(考试之前你就越不会紧张).8.The elevators in this building（总出故障）.9.This article tells you（怎样在旅行期间防止生病）.10.(平均来看),men smoke more cigarettes than women

50、.6.But for several interruptions7.The less nervous you will be before the exam 8.are always breading down9.how to avoid getting ill while traveling10.On average,四级新题型经典翻译练习(3),11.（想到还得重新考试）depressed him.12.The book is(我够不着)；would you please pass it to me?13.It was proposed that(旅行推迟）.14.(说到现代艺术)，few