大学专升本英语考前辅导.ppt

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1、河南理工大学10级电气工程及自动化专业本科英语2考前辅导,郑留安 2010-10-16,一、Definition,1、consonant cluster:A consonant cluster is a group（一组的）or sequence of(连续的)consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them.,What is a consonant cluster?,Definition:A consonant cluster is a group（一组的）or sequence of(连续的

2、)consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them.In the word chat,the letters c and h appear contiguously but are not a consonant cluster,even though both are separate consonants in other contexts(cat;hat).In this instance,ch is a digraph（二合字母（代表一个单音的两个字母,如sheaf中sh）because

3、 the ch sequence represents a single sound in the underlying English sound system.,Examples：Here are some examples of consonant clusters:/sp/and/ts/in the word spots/spr/in the word spray Exercises:p83-5,1-6,2、nasal plosion（鼻腔爆破）：The release of a plosive by lowering the soft palate so that air escap

4、es through the nose,as at the end of the words Hidden,sadden,sudden,leaden.When/t/or/d/is followed by/n/,(as in button/bVtn/and garden/ga:dn/),the explosion of the plosive takes place through the nose.,Nasal Plosion（鼻腔爆破）,3、lateral plosion（舌边爆破）：The release of a plosive by lowering the sides of the

5、tongue,as at the end of the word saddle.When/t/or/d/is followed by/l/,(as in little/litl/and middle/midl/),the tongue-tip remains on the ridge of the upper front teeth,but one or both sides of the tongue are suddenly lowered so that the breath passes out with lateral plosion.,Lateral Plosion（舌边爆破）,4

6、、an initial consonant cluster：When two or three or more plosives get together at the beginning of a word.We call it an initial consonant cluster.Great Spring,5、missing explosion：When two plosives meet together within a word.The first one doesnt explode.Just hold the air and leave the time for the so

7、und.Act,6、fricatives：fricative consonants are the sounds in the production of which the lungs push air through a narrow opening where it causes frictions of various kinds.,二、passage,Americans think a great deal about time.They constantly refer to time and the value of keeping busy.From childhood,the

8、y learn to value time,and their language reflects this preoccupation with it.,As children,they are taught to be on time for events and to do work on time.They learn that the price of committing a crime is to do time in prison.When they are having a good time,they say that time flies;they say sadly o

9、f someone who is dying that he is living on borrowed time.From the time of its beginning,American English has reflected this preoccupation with time.,Nowhere can this sense of time be seen more clearly than in the working place.Working Americans are bound to the clock.It is a commonly held belief th

10、at one should balance work against a set time,for example an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week.Anything over these time limits is overtime,and the worker should receive more money per hour for work done during overtime.,Time during nonworking hours is also considered very precious.Whether an American dec

11、ides on a hectic weekend schedule,when Saturday and Sunday are filled with activities,or on a relaxed weekend,the time will be regarded as valuable.Some Americans feel they have a love/hate relationship with time.They love the comforts that progress has brought through work,but they hate the bondage

12、 to the clock and the pressures of a time-oriented society.There is little doubt that many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock.,M:What are some of the expressions reflecting Americans preoccupation with time?F:To be on time,have a good time,live on borrowed time and to do time are

13、some of the expressions reflecting Americans preoccupation with time.,M:What is overtime?F:Anything over an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week is overtime.M:Why do many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock?F:It is because they live in a time-oriented society.,美国人对时间想的很多，他们不断提到时间和遵守时间的重要性。

14、自孩童时代起，他们就学会珍惜时间，他们的语言也处处体现对时间的专注。小的时候，他们就学习要守时，按时做功课，他们就知道犯罪要蹲监狱，他们就会用时光飞逝来形容美好的瞬间，就会用时日不多来表达对濒危之人的哀婉。从产生的那天起，美式英语就充满对时间的表达。,没有哪个地方能比工作更能体现这种时间观念了。美国的劳动者与时钟紧紧地连在一起。人们通常相信，一个人的工作应在固定的时间内平均分配，如8小时的工作日或40小时的工作周。只要超过这个时间界限的就是加班，工人应得到加班费。人们很珍惜8小时之外的时间。,周末时间无论怎样安排都被认为是宝贵的时光，无论多么繁忙或者多么闲散。有些人对时间是一种爱恨交加的情结。

15、一方面他们喜欢通过工作取得进步所带来的舒适，另一方面他们也憎恨时间的束缚和时间就是一切的社会所带来的压力。难怪许多美国人觉得自己成了时间的奴隶。,三、Writing,Family In the past,American families tended to be quite large.Parents raising five or more children were common.Over the years the size of the family has decreased.One reason for this is an increase in the cost of liv

16、ing.,On the average,children attend schools for more years than they used to,making them financially dependent on their families longer.Moreover,children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment.The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses.,Meanwh

17、ile,families are less close than they used to be.More and more American mothers work away from home.The break up of the family occurs when the parent divorce.A lot of children in the U.S.live part of their young lives with only one parent.,Broken families usually result in problems for children and

18、parents alike.Children blame themselves when their parents separate.They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents.,Usually one parent takes the responsibility for raising the children.These single parents must care for the childrens emotional and psychological needs

19、 while also supporting them financially.This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parents own personal interests.,Single parents often marry other single parents.In this type of family,unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship.The situations of many American families today are not good.,However,recent signs indicate that things are getting better.The divorce rate is declining.The rate of childbirth is rising.Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.,