基础语法时态篇.ppt
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1、University of Science and Technology of China,英语基础语法时态篇,University of Science and Technology of China,英语的基本时态:英语基本时态主要包括以下九种。1,一般现在时;2,现在进行时。3,现在完成时;4,现在完成进行时。5,一般过去时;6,过去进行时7,过去完成时;8,一般将来时;9,过去将来时,University of Science and Technology of China,英语句子成分:主要包括主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和补语。主语:主语指所谈论或描述的对象。例如:She i
2、s a worker.The car is new.Leaves are green.但主语可以继续复杂化。例如:It is unexpected.(单词做主语)Defeating his rival is unexpected.(短语作主语)That he has defeated his rival is unexpected.(句子做主语),University of Science and Technology of China,谓语:谓语由动词充当。在英语中,动词主要包括两类:1,系动词,指am/is/are及其过去时和现在分词形式;2,表示具体动作的动词,如kick,write,s
3、peak,walk等。例如:She is an expert in computer science.The story was very interesting.I wrote a letter to my sister last week.She speaks English pretty well.此外,助动词,情态动词可以和动词一起做谓语。如:We have finished reading this book.I will finish my homework tomorrow.He can speak English.,University of Science and Techn
4、ology of China,宾语:宾语表示动作的对象,跟在表示具体动作的及物动词后面。例如:He kicked the ball.宾语也可以复杂化。I know it.I know the interesting story.I know that he has succeeded in the competition.,University of Science and Technology of China,表语:系动词后面的成分就是表语。例如:I am a teacher.They were on the playground.The meeting is to be held tom
5、orrow morning.表语也可以复杂化。The secret is unknown.The secret is unknown to all of us.The secret is that he has devised a trick to get the money,University of Science and Technology of China,定语:定语起修饰作用,表示事物或人的性质或特点。例如:It is a new car.It is a green leaf.They are interesting stories.定语也可以复杂化,最典型的是定语从句。It is
6、 a new car.It is a car which is the newest for him.,University of Science and Technology of China,造句:1.明天我和我的导师坐飞机去北京参加一场关于英语教学的会议。2.如果战争爆发,大量难民将不顾一切的涌入这个国家寻求庇护。那是唯一一个提供避难所的地方。,University of Science and Technology of China,Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air to attend an academic conf
7、erence on foreign language teaching.I will go to Beijing.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air to attend an academic conferenceTomorrow,I will go to Beijing with
8、my tutor by air to attend an academic conference on foreign language teaching.,University of Science and Technology of China,一般现在时:一般现在是有两种用法:1,表示一般性或习惯性的动作;2,表示现在的状态。1,表示一般性或习惯性的动作句子基本结构为:主语+谓语(表示具体动作的动词)+其它例如:I get up at six every morning.She goes to school by bus everyday.They play football at we
9、ekends.注意:主语为第三人称单数时,动词采用第三人称单数形式。否定句:直接在主语后面加doesnt 或dont.此外,否定句中动词必须采用原形。I dont get up at six every morning.She doesnt go to school by bus everyday.They dont play football at weekends.,University of Science and Technology of China,疑问句:在主语前面直接加do或does;此外,疑问句中动词必须采用原形。She goes to school by bus every
10、day.They play football at weekends.Does She go to school by bus everyday?Do they play football at weekends?,University of Science and Technology of China,2.表示现在的状态基本句子结构为:主语+系动词(am/is/are)+其它例如:She is a famous expert in computer science.These pictures are interesting.否定句:在系动词后面直接加not.She isnt a famo
11、us expert in computer science.These pictures arent interesting.疑问句:把系动词提到主语的前面。Is she a famous expert in computer science?Are these pictures interesting?,University of Science and Technology of China,典型错误:He is work in a factory.Is she study in a factory Does she runs to the school?,University of Sc
12、ience and Technology of China,现在进行时:表示正在发生或进行的动作。基本句子结构为:主语+系动词(am/is/are)+动词的ing形式+其它例如:They are playing football on the playground.My sister is watching TV.否定句:直接在系动词后面加not.They arent playing football on the playground.My sister isnt watching TV.疑问句:直接把系动词提到主语前面。Are they playing football on the pl
13、ayground?Is my sister watching TV?,University of Science and Technology of China,一般将来时:两种用法:1.在将来的时间里要发生或进行的动作;2,在将来的时间里要呈现的状态。1.在将来的时间里要发生或进行的动作基本句子结构为:主语+will+动词原形(具体动作的动词)+其它主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形(具体动作的动词)+其它 主语(主语为第一人称I或 we)+shall+动词原形(具体动作的动词)+其它主语+be to do+其它主语+will+动词原形(具体动作的动词)+其它例如:I wi
14、ll visit our school tomorrow.They will attend the entrance examination next year.,University of Science and Technology of China,否定句:在will 后面直接加notI wont visit our school tomorrow.They wont attend the entrance examination next year.疑问句:把will 直接提到主语前面。Will you visit our school tomorrow?Will they atten
15、d the entrance examination next year?,University of Science and Technology of China,第二种表达方式主语+am/is/are to+动词原形(具体动作的动词)+其它I am going to visit our school tomorrow.They are going to attend the entrance examination next year.否定句:在am/is/are 后面直接加not.Im not going to visit our school tomorrow.They arent
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