化学专业英语-无机化合物的命名.ppt

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1、Vocabulary,1.coordination compound,配位化合物,plex,络合物,3.formula(formulae 复数）,分子式，公式,4.ligand,配体,5.cation,阳离子,（cathode 阴极）,6.anion,阴离子,（anode 阳极）,7.precede,Vt.1)优于.，位于.之前；比.优先；（地位等）高于.,The motorcade was preceded by motorcycles.,摩托车为车队作先导,8.bracket n.1)托架 2)复括号(指,(),),10.spell out 讲清楚，清楚地说明,9.parentheses

2、n.圆括号,Nomenclature of Coordination Compound:IUPAC Rules,Cation named before anion for ionic compound,When naming complexes,Ligands are named first alphabetically,Metal atom/ion is named last,Oxidation state given in Roman numerals follows in parentheses,Names of anionic ligands end with suffix-o,Cha

3、ng ide to-o,Chang ite to-ito,Chang ate to-ato,Nomenclature:IUPAC Rules,Neutral ligands referred to by their usual names,Example:NH2CH2CH2NH2 ethylenediamine,Exceptions:,Water,H2O=aqua,Ammonia,NH3=ammine,Carbon monoxide,CO=carbonyl,Nitrogen oxide,NO=nitrosyl,Nomenclature:IUPAC Rules,Greek prefixes ar

4、e used to designate the number of each type of ligand in the complex ion,e.g.di-,tri-and tetra-.,If the ligand already contains a Greek prefix(e.g.ethylenediamine)or if it is polydentate ligands(ie.can attach at more than one binding site)the prefixes bis-,tris-,tetrakis-,pentakis-,are used instead.

5、,Numerical prefixes,Nomenclature:IUPAC Rules,If the complex is an anion,the name of the metal ends in“ate”.,Appended to either the English or Latin name of the metal.,Scandium,Sc=scandate,Iron,Fe=ferrate,Examples,Titanium,Ti=titanate,Vanadium,V=vanadate,Chromium,Cr=chromate,Manganese,Mn=manganate,Co

6、balt,Co=cobaltate,Nickel,Ni=nickelate,Copper,Cu=cuprate,Zinc,Zn=zincate,Examples Give the systematic names for the following coordination compounds:,1.Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3Cl3,Answer:triamminetriaquachromium(III)chloride,Solution:The complex ion is inside the parentheses,which is a cation.The ammine ligand

7、s are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order.Since there are three chlorides binding with the complex ion,the charge on the complex ion must be+3(since the compound is electrically neutral).From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands,we can calculate the o

8、xidation number of the metal.In this example,all the ligands are neutral molecules.Therefore,the oxidation number of chromium must be same as the charge of the complex ion,+3.,2.Pt(NH3)5ClBr3,Answer:pentaamminechloroplatinum(IV)bromide,Solution:The complex ion is a cation,the counter anion is the 3

9、bromides.The charge of the complex ion must be+3 since it bonds with 3 bromides.The NH3 are neutral molecules while the chloride carries-1 charge.Therefore,the oxidation number of platinum must be+4.,3.Pt(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2Cl2Cl2,Answer:dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV)chloride,Solution:ethylened

10、iamine is a bidentate ligand,the bis-prefix is used instead of di-,4.Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)32(SO4)3,Answer:tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)sulfate,Solution:The sulfate is the counter is anion in this molecule.Since it takes 3 sulfates to bond with two complex cations,the charge on each complex cation must

11、 be+3.Since ethylenediamine a neutral molecule,the oxidation number of cobalt in the complex ion must be+3.Again,remember that you never have to indicate the number of cations and anions in the name of an ionic compound.,5.K4Fe(CN)6,Answer:potassium hexacyanoferrate(II),Solution:potassium is the cat

12、ion the charge on the complex ion must be-4.Since each ligand carries 1 and the complex ion is the anion.Since there are 4 K+binding with a complex ion,charge,the oxidation number of Fe must be+2.The common name of this compound is potassium ferrocyanide.,6.Na2NiCl4,Answer:sodium tetrachloronickelat

13、e(II),Solution:The complex ion is the anion so we have to add the suffix ate in the name of the metal.,7.Pt(NH3)2Cl4,Answer:diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV),Solution:This is a neutral molecule because the charge on Pt+4 equals the negative charges on the four chloro ligands.If the compound is Pt(NH3)

14、2Cl2Cl2,eventhough the number of ions and atoms in the molecule are identical to the example,it should be named:diamminedichloroplatinum(II)chloride,a big difference.,8.Fe(CO)5,Answer:pentacarbonyliron(0),Solution:Since it is a neutral complex,it is named in the same way as a complex cation.The comm

15、on name of this compound,iron carbonyl,is used more often.,9.(NH4)2Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2,Answer:ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(II),Solution:The oxalate ion is a bidentate ligand.,10.Ag(NH3)2Ag(CN)2,Answer:diamminesilver(I)dicyanoargentate(I),You can have a compound where both the cation and the anion are complex ions.Notice how the name of the metal differs even though they are the same metal ions.,