雅思阅读速读八大技巧.doc

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1、雅思阅读速读八大技巧 为什么你的雅思阅读做题速度那么慢?题量大不是借口，带你学会一目十行的阅读小技巧。时间紧、任务重，雅思阅读*不用逐字逐句阅读，遇到这些提示信息，就跳过吧。雅思阅读速读八大技巧 拿走不谢很多考鸭把雅思阅读题作为自己提高雅思总分的稻草，然而，奈何*太长，题量巨大，1个小时的时间根本不够，讲真，native speaker也未必做得到。事实上雅思阅读考试的目的不是让你通读全文，而是学会提取阅读*中的关键信息。跟着小站雅思君一起学习雅思阅读提分小技巧，学会一目十行的技能吧。想要提高阅读速度，首先要知道*中明显或者不明显的“逻辑信号”，它们在英语中又是如何表达的：雅思阅读速读技巧1：

2、因果关系，看果在*当中，“因为”引导的内容，往往是一段陈述或铺垫，“所以”引导的内容，才是结论和总结。所以速览时，我们可以暂且把“原因”的部分略过，先看“结果”的部分，从而减省把握*重点的时间。引出“原因”的常用表达：because, because of, as a result of, result of, due to, thanks to, owing to, since, for, grateful for等，如：“Since employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not fo

3、r another.”(剑桥雅思真题6, Test 3, Reading Passage 2)“Since”所在的前半句是原因，关键看后半句的结果(结论)。引出“结果”的常用表达：so, therefore, hence, thus, result in, lead to, consequently, as a result等，如：“Such findings suggest that one persons equity is anothers inequity, so an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes

4、according to employee group.”(剑桥雅思真题6, Test 3, Reading Passage 2) ：重点看“so”所在的后半句;“Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observers written comments on the non-verbal behaviours of the participants, and about the context in genera

5、l.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 3, Reading Passage 3)：重点看“therefore”所在的第二句。雅思阅读速读技巧2：转折关系，看但是!“让步”的内容再豪华，都敌不过一个“但是”。这个道理很显浅，就不多作解释了。而快速浏览*时，我们就可以暂且只看“转折”部分的内容。反之，遇到“让步”的内容，我们则可暂时忽略不看。(1)常见表“转折”的说法常见表“转折”的说法还有：but，however，nevertheless，yet，nonetheless等，如：“Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed thro

6、ughout northwestern India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse”(剑桥雅思真题10, Test 1, Reading Passage 1) ：无论前面说了什么，也改变不了“the majority (of wells)”被弃用的现实。重点显然在转折词“but”之后。(2)引导“让步”的常用说法引导“让步”的常用说法有：whereas，although，though，while，whereas，despite，in spite of，for all等，如：“Where as most exercises are de

7、signed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power the rate at which an athlete can expend energy.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1) “whereas”所在的半句为让步状语从句，重点看另一个半句(转折的内容)。雅思阅读速读技巧3：递进关系，看后句所谓递进，即前后保持一致意见的情况下，后者在态度和语气上更进一步。故，读懂后者，即可得知前者。速览*时，重点先读递进后面的内容。常见表达“递进”的说法有：

8、furthermore，moreover，not onlybut also，in addition等，如：“The psychiatrists felt that most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highe

9、st shock of 450 volts. ”(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2) 即便不读前面的句子，光靠“Furthermore”后面递进的内容也可知，精神病学家预测：会执行高伏电击的人是少之又少的。雅思阅读速读技巧4：关注承上启下，找关键句承上： 以“代词”或“所以”为开头的段落首句，一般都是承接或总结上一段话的内容。借助这样的句子，可以得知上一段话的内容重点。如：“代词”开头：“These research findings are exciting. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that”(剑

10、桥雅思真题5, Test 3, Reading Passage 1) 这是文中最后一段的开头。从首句的代词“These”可知，首句是对上一段内容的承接，并可知上一段讲述的是一些“exciting research findings”。“所以”开头：“Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological

11、system”(剑桥雅思真题8, Test 3, Reading Passage 3) 从段落首句的“Thus”可知，首句是对上一段内容的承接，而并非本段内容的重点。启下：“问句”和“量词+复数词”通常是引出下文，通过它们能了解所在段落或紧随其后的段落的内容重点。如：“问句”： “What were the actual results? (借此问句可知本段的重点是“actual results”)Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit i

12、n repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what

13、 pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers actually do in the laboratory of real life?(最后的问句揭示，后面段落的重点内容是解释“this vast discrepancy”的原因)” (剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2)“量词+复数词”：“Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four

14、 factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.”(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 3) “four factors”告诉我们，接下来的段落中，重点应该是关于这四种因素的描述。雅思阅读速读技巧5：重视“what”句“what”经常用作表目的或具总结性的句子的开头，因此，遇到what开头的句子要多看两眼，如：“If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important

15、 for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was you have no other choice. You must go on. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face

16、of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.”(剑桥雅思真题5, Test 1, Reading Passage 2) 原文中，此段很长，但全部都只是属于一次实验过程的描述。最后才以“what”为开头的句子，总结性地道出了实验的目的，使得此句成为全段重点。雅思阅读速读技巧6：不看：换句话说“换句话说、也就是说”意味着后面的内容与前面一致或是对前面的解释，因此只用看前面的内容即可。常见的表达有：that is (to say)，i.e.，namely，put a

17、nother way，in other words等。如：“The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a public good, rather than a private good that one is expected to buy for oneself.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4,

18、 Reading Passage 3) 略掉“Put another way”后面的内容，只看前面。雅思阅读速读技巧7：不看：论据内容为了论证观点，*中经常会大量出现各式各样的论据，但它们并不是*的重点。故概览*时，论据可以先忽略不看。而常见的“论据”形式有：含“举例”的句子：for example / instance，e.g.，such as，like等;含“数据”的句子：百分比(%，percentage)，描述统计结果的数字;引用名人/专家言论(直接/间接引语)的句子：特别是“引号()”中的内容;以some，a few，others等表达“某些”的单词为开头的句子。雅思阅读速读技巧8：排

19、除标点符号的干扰冒号(“：”) / 一个破折号(“-”) ，引出解释，看前面。如：“冒号”：“In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realized in the ranks of its ancestors.”(剑桥雅思真题10, Test 4, Reading Passage 3)“一个破折号”：“.plyometrics focuses on increasi

20、ng power the rate at which an athlete can expend energy.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)两个破折号 / 括号：信息插入或解释，不用看。如：“两个破折号”：“For the so-called power events that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump times and distances have improved te

21、n to twenty per cent.”(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)“括号”：“This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development).”(剑桥雅思真题9, Test 4, Reading Passage 2)看到这里，烤鸭们是否有点感觉了呢?现在，我们就以一个完整的段落，来演示一下这些信号词是如何帮助大家节省阅读时间的吧：(剑桥雅思真题4, Test 4, Reading Passage 1)：Since

22、the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. For the so-called power

23、events - that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump - times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent(数据). In the endurance events(具体到某类运动，类似“某些”的用法) the results have been more dramatic. At the 1908 Olympics. John Hayes of the U

24、.S. team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18(数据). In 1999, Moroccos Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42(数据), almost thirty per cent(数据) faster. (虽然段落原本有点长，但借助各类小信号，我们能快速地把文段删减一大半，最终只剩下第一句话，那么自然，阅览的时间也就跟着缩了一大半。)有了这些信号，我们就能更快速地掌握各段落大意，了解*结构，不仅读*快了，找答案时也能更有目的性，能避免在与题目不相干的段落里浪费时间，答题准确率自然

25、也会有所提升。那么，这些信号，今天你掌握了吗?友情提示：“信号”虽然能很大程度上协助阅读，但语言本身是灵活的，任何“信号”都只是一个参考方向，并非时刻万能。最重要的，还是要大家多练多积累，提升自身综合理解能力。雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案The Triumph of UnreasonA.Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum

26、 benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotionseven when reason is clearly involved.B.The role of emotions in decisions mak

27、es perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by whic

28、h animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?C.One of the people who thinks that it does not is

29、 George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Sta

30、nford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.D.In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the tele

31、vision show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds.

32、While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.E.The researchers found that different p

33、arts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.F.When the price appeared， however， fMRI report

34、ed more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject

35、 decided not to purchase an item.G.Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteers reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the

36、 sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.H.Peoples shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenst

37、ein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather

38、than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.I.That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If on

39、e useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， cou

40、pled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。J.Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different

41、spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to

42、 join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1

43、?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the i

44、ncreasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.2. Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.3. George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.4. The mo

45、re active the nucleus accumens was， the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.5. The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.6. When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain

46、， people tended to purchase coffee.Questions 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.7. Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?A. The process which people make their decisions is rational.B. People have a clear idea of their b

47、est interests in any situation.C. Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.D. People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.8. The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means_.A. peoples behavior of buying luxurious goodsB. peoples behavior of bu

48、ying very special itemsC. peoples behavior of being very mean in shoppingD. peoples behavior of being very generous in shopping9. The three researchers are now designing the future experiments， which testA. whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.B. whether buyi