单词讲解unit1Book.ppt

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1、共 99 页,1,必修5Unit 1Great scientists,共 99 页,2,要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考,重点单词,1characteristic n特征；特性2conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束3defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败4attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加5expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposion n暴露,共 99 页,3,6cure n治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗7challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenger n挑战者8absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心9suspec

2、t vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion n怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的10foresee vt.预见；预告foretell v预言forecast v预报,共 99 页,4,11blame vt.责备；谴责 n过失；责备12pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染13handle n柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵14link vt.&n连接；联系15announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告16instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n教授；传授instructions n指示，说明,共 99 页,

3、5,17construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物18contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献19spin vi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)20reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃,共 99 页,6,重点短语,1put forward 提出2draw a conclusion 得出结论3expose.to 使显露；暴露4link.to.将和联系或连接起来5apart from 除之外；此外,共 99 页,7,6make sense 讲得通；有意义7look into 调查；研究

4、8at times 有时9be against 反对10(be)strict with 对严格的11be to blame 应受责备12with certainty 肯定地,共 99 页,8,考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考词汇短语过关,共 99 页,9,1.characteristic,adj.典型的；特有的；表示特性的同义词有：typical,representative,proper,very,ownadv.characteristically 典型地；表示特性地n.特征；特性；特色同义词：quality,identity,tang,specific,distinction词根：char

5、acter n.character 性格，品质；特性；角色；计 字符vt.character 印，刻；使具有特征characterization 描述；特性描述=characterisation（英）特性描述；vi.characterize 在文艺作品中塑造人物；描绘性格Vt.characterise 刻划的性格；表示的特性,共 99 页,10,2.Put forward,put themselves forward 毛遂自荐put him forward 引荐他Who Put It Forward 谁提出来put sth forward 提出put oneself forward 出风头pu

6、t forward to 提出be put forward被提出,共 99 页,11,put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存put back 放回，拨回put down 写下；镇压；放下put forth 提出；颁布put.into 把翻译成put off 延期，推迟,共 99 页,12,put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演put out 扑灭，熄灭put through 接通电话put up 举起；建造；张贴put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍,共 99 页,13,即学即练10(1)She often _ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有

7、用的建议。(2)Can I _ you/your name _ as golf club secretary？我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书怎么样？(3)We have _ the wedding _ one week.我们已将婚礼提前了一周。(4)_ your watch _；youre five minutes slow.把你的表往前拨一下，你慢了5分钟。,puts forward,put,forward,put,forward by,Put,forward,共 99 页,14,3.conclude,conclude vt.断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时)conclusion n结

8、论，推论conclusive adj.结论性的conclude.by/with.以结束conclude to do sth.决定做某事,共 99 页,15,conclude.from.从中推断to conclude(做插入语)最后(一句话)in conclusion 最后，总之bring.to a conclusion 使结束make a conclusion 下结论arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落,共 99 页,16,即学即练1(1)He _ his speech with a joke.他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。(2)T

9、he meeting _ at nine oclock.会议9点钟结束了。(3)The police _ that he must be the murderer.警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。,concluded,concluded,concluded,共 99 页,17,(4)_，wish all of you good health and a long life.最后祝大家健康长寿。(5)_，I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。,To conclude,In c

10、onclusion,共 99 页,18,4.analyse vt.,analyse nlaiz vt.1.分析：They analysed the situation very closely.他们非常周密地分析了形势。2.审察，细察，对细查：to analyse a poem(或 an argument)分析一首诗歌(或一个论点)3.【语言学】分析，对(句子)作语法分析：We analysed a sentence.4.psychoanalyse用精神分析法治疗；给作精神分析psychoanalyse a patient who has been analysed by three ther

11、apists被三名治疗专家用精神分析法治疗的一名病人,共 99 页,19,词根：analyseadj.analytical=analytic分析的；解析的；善于分析的analytical method 分析法 analytical function 分析函数，解析函数 analyzable 可分析的adv.analytically 分析地；解析地n.analysis 分析；分解；验定analyzer 计 分析器；分析者；检偏镜=analyser 分析器，分析仪；分析者,共 99 页,20,5.infect vt.,infect(使受影响),影响短语infect with把传染给Often in

12、fect经常感染Infect Others感染别人adj.infectious 传染的；传染性的；易传染的infected 被感染的infective 有传染性的，感染别人的n.infection 感染；传染；影响；传染病词根：infect,共 99 页,21,6.defeat vt.n.,vt.击败，战胜；挫败；使失败n.失败；战胜defeat/beat/win这三个单词用法,共 99 页,22,1.defeat/beat/win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat用法相同，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team,a class,a school,a

13、n army等。注意的是：defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，或或者在其他方面赢得了信任，荣誉等，常带的宾语有：game,war,prize,fame,battle，belief等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。,共 99 页,23,应用1用defeat,beat,win填空(1)He _ all his opponents 对手 in the election.(2)Peasants _ the drought and reaped收获 a good harvest.(3)After a heart

14、toheart talk,I _ his belief at last.,defeated/beat,defeated/beat,won,共 99 页,24,(4)The enemys plot阴谋 was _ very soon.(5)We wouldnt have _without your help.(6)Mary _ first prize for swimming.,defeated,won,won,共 99 页,25,7.expert,adj.熟练的；内行的；老练的 n.专家；行家；能手 vt.当专家；在中当行家短语expert conclusion鉴定结论；专家结论Expert

15、Team专家团队；名医专家；我们的专家团队；美丽时光专家File Expert文件大师,共 99 页,26,8.attend attend vt.&vi.出席；参加；照料，护理attendance n.出席，到场，参加attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料,共 99 页,27,即学即练2(1)He didnt _ yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。(2)He was very tired after the long run,and exp

16、ected somebody _ him.长跑之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。(3)Business has to _.生意是必须要料理的。,attend the meeting,to attend on,be attended to,共 99 页,28,(4)_your studies.专心你的学习。,Attend to,共 99 页,29,9.expose expose vt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙.expose sth./sb./one

17、self(to.)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给)expose ones skin to the sun 使皮肤暴露於阳光下 The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.婴儿被离弃於风雨之中.be exposed to 暴露于exposure n.暴露，显露；揭露，揭发,共 99 页,30,expose vt.显露；露出；暴露；揭露；使曝光【用法解读】expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发。He exposed their plot to the governmentexpose oneself to sbs influence使自己受

18、某人的影响。exposeto“把暴露于之下（之中），使受到作用”be exposed to view暴露无遗，被展示，暴露be exposed to all kinds of weather经受风吹雨打,共 99 页,31,exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的expose sth.to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose crime,scandal,injustice,fraud,etc 揭露罪行 丑闻 冤假错案 骗局等*expose a plot,project,plan,etc 揭露阴谋 方案 计划等,共 99 页,32,即学即练3(1

19、)My job as a journalist is to _.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。(2)Dont _ babies _ strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。(3)Its very dangerous to _ these viruses without any protection.不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是非常危险的。,expose the truth,expose,to,be exposed to,共 99 页,33,10.deadly,adj.极端的，非常的；致命的，致死的；非常有效的；如死一般的 a deadly disease 顽症 a

20、 deadly remark 击中要害的评论adv.极其，非常；死了一样地 deadly serious 十分认真,共 99 页,34,11.cure n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗curable adj.可治愈的a cure for.针对的治疗cure sb.of sth.消除某人；治愈某人,共 99 页,35,cure/treat/heal(1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb.for sth.医治某人病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat.as把看作/视为。(2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可

21、接sb.of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound,cut,injury,burn等。,共 99 页,36,应用2(1)He _ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to _ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。(3)His wound is _ over.他的伤口正在愈合。(4)The medicine will _ you of your c

22、ough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was completely _.出院时我已完全康复了。,treated,treat,healing,cure,cured,共 99 页,37,即学即练4(1)The doctor cant _ her _ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。(2)Nothing can _ you _ your bad habits.没有什么能去掉你的坏习惯。(3)This is _ SARS.这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。,cure,of,cure,of,a new cure for,共 99 页,38,拓展：vt.s

23、b.of sth.结构的短语还有：remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事rob sb.of sth.抢了某人某物inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事,共 99 页,39,12.outbreak n.,短语Tornado Outbreak龙卷风爆发；龙卷侠袭击disease outbreak疾病爆发,共 99 页,40,13.challenge,n.挑战；怀疑 vt.向挑战词根：challengeadj.challenging 挑战的；

24、引起挑战性兴趣的challengeable 挑战性的n.challenger 挑战者,共 99 页,41,14absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣absorb water/light/heat(take in)吸收水/光/热absorb what sb.said 理解某人所说的话absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in.全神贯注于,共 99 页,42,即学即练5(1)Black cloth _ light.黑色布料吸收光线。(2)Did you _ everything the profes

25、sor said?教授说的你全部理解了吗？(3)He _ deep thought.他陷入沉思。,absorbs,absorb,was absorbed in,共 99 页,43,15suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspect sth.怀疑某事suspect thatclause怀疑suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事suspect sb.to be.猜想某人是,共 99 页,44,即学即练6(1)I began to _(that)they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。(2

26、)They _ him _ murder.他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。(3)What made you _ her _ having taken the money？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？(4)The police arrested the _ yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。,suspect,suspect,of,suspect,of,suspect,共 99 页,45,16.enquiry,n.询问，贸易 询盘短语enquiry list询价单Medication Enquiry药物咨询credit enquiry信用查询,共 99 页,46,17.neighbourhood,n

27、.邻近；周围；邻居关系；附近一带、附近；街坊；接近=neighbor 邻居词根：neighboradj.neighbor 邻近的neighbour 邻居的；邻近的neighboring 邻近的；附近的（等于neighbouring）neighborly 睦邻的；友好的；邻居似的、像邻居的；亲切的；睦邻的vi.neighbor 友好；毗邻而居=neighbour 住在邻近；毗邻；友善vt.neighbor 邻接=neighbour 邻接,共 99 页,47,18.severe,短语severe punishment从重处罚；严厉惩罚severe weather剧烈天气；风雨交加的天气；恶劣的天气

28、；恶劣天气severe stress危险应力；巨大的压力More severe更厉害severe wind大到飓风；强风,共 99 页,48,19.clue,n.线索；（故事等的）情节 vt.为提供线索；为提供情况短语context clue上下文线索；上下文；上下文的线索development clue发展思路,共 99 页,49,20.pump,vt.打气；用抽水机抽 n.泵，抽水机；打气筒 vi.抽水 短语Oil Pump机 机油泵；机 油泵；机油帮浦；油帮浦water pump水泵；水帮浦；抽水机；水环热泵charge pump电荷泵；充电泵；进料泵；供给泵fire pump消防泵；消

29、防水泵；灭火泵,共 99 页,50,21.foresee,Finally,I foresee a day when I can stay at home all day.最后，当我整天呆在家里时，我都能预见一天会发生什么。,共 99 页,51,22.investigate vt.Vi.,词根：investigaten.investigation 调查；调查研究adj.investigative 研究的；调查的；好调查的investigatory 调查的，审查的；研究的，好研究的investigator 研究者；调查者；侦查员,共 99 页,52,23blame n&vt.责备；责任blame

30、sb.for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame(for)应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人,共 99 页,53,即学即练7(1)He _ me _ my carelessness.他责备我的疏忽大意。(2)Mr Li is not _ the accident.这次事故不能怨李先生。(3)Where does _

31、our failure lie?我们失败的症结在哪里？,blamed,for,to blame for,the blame for,共 99 页,54,24.pollute vt.,短语white pollute白色污染Pollute Environment污染环境词根：polluteadj.polluted 受污染的；被玷污的n.pollution 污染pollutant 污染物polluter 污染者；污染源；污染物质v.polluted 污染（pollute的过去式和过去分词）,共 99 页,55,25.handle n.Vt.Vi.,n.把手；柄；vt.处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸 v

32、i.搬运；易于操纵词根：handleadj.handling 操作的 n.处理 handled 有把手的；有把柄的handler 处理者；管理者；拳击教练；（犬马等的）训练者Please fit a new handle on my case.请给我的箱子配一个新把手。Do you know how to handle the machine?你知道这机器应怎样操作吗?You have to press on the handle to turn it,its very stiff.你必须用力压这个把手，再转动它，它不太灵活了。,共 99 页,56,26.link vt.,v.把与连接；联系。

33、n.联系；连接；环 The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个乡镇由一条铁路连接起来。【归纳拓展】与有关；与相连接 表达有Link with=Linkand.(together)=Link to如：The bridge links the island with the mainland.这座桥将该岛和大陆连接起来。His theory is linked closely with the success of our economic reform.他的理论与我们的经济改革的成功紧密联系在一起。How do you link to it?你怎样连接到它

34、？If they like your stuff,they will link to you.如果他们喜欢你发的东西，会链接你的。One of the best ways to get my attention is to link to me,or link to some of my content.想吸引我的注意吗？最好的一个方法就是与我建立链接，或者链接到我的目录。,共 99 页,57,27.announce/declare用法(1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思

35、。(2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。,共 99 页,58,(1)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(2)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。,declared,announced,共 99 页,59,Her parents put a lot of effort into getting her _ to a key school Aaccepted Brec

36、eivedCadmittedDannounced答案：CThe headmaster will _ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.A.deliverB.addressC.announceD.declare答案：A,共 99 页,60,28.certainty,n.必然；确实；确实的事情with certainty 确定无疑的词根：cert s:t n.英国俚语肯定无疑，有把握的事，没问题，确实的事情 adj.certain 某一的；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的certitude 确信；确实pron.certain

37、 某些；某几个By certain signs we may presage of heats and rains.根据某些迹象，我们可以预告酷热和下雨。,共 99 页,61,29.Instruct vt.指导；通知；命令；教授,sb(in sth)教授某人学校课目;传授某人技巧:instruct a class(in history),recruits(in drill),etc 教某班级（历史）训练新兵（操练）.sb(about sth)give orders or directions to sb 向某人下命令或指示;指导:instruct sb about his duties 向某人

38、交待其责任*They havent instructed us where to go.他们还未指示我们到何处去.*Ive instructed them to keep the room locked.我已吩咐他们那房间要上锁.,共 99 页,62,30.responsible adj.,adj.responsible rispnsbl 1.负责的；应负责任的2.有责任的；责任重大的3.明白是非的；能负责任的4.尽责的5.可靠的，可信赖的,共 99 页,63,短语responsible for负责；是原因；作为；对Each student should be responsible for

39、their own work and ONLY their own work.每个学生应当对自己的课业负责，并且只能是他们自己的课业。responsible to 向负责The teachers are responsible to the school administration.教师向学校行政负责。responsible officer负责人员；项目负责人；或联络有关负责人员responsible official负责人responsible government负责任的政府；任政府Responsible Party责任方；负责者,共 99 页,64,31.construct n.概念，

40、构想 Vt.,vt.建造，构造；创立 His company recently constructed an office building in downtown.他的公司最近在市中心建造了一座办公楼。n.构想，概念 Website construct网站建设,共 99 页,65,32contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)contribution n.贡献，捐献，投稿contributor n.捐助者；投稿人contribute to sth.增加，增添；促成某事contribute sth.to/towards 给捐献/捐赠contribute(sth.)to sth.

41、撰稿；投稿make a contribution to.为作贡献,共 99 页,66,即学即练8(1)We should _ food and clothing _ the relief of the poor.我们应该捐赠食品和衣物救济贫民。(2)Drink _ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。(3)The Song Dynasty _ three great inventions _ world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。(4)He _ an article _ China Daily.他为中国日报撰写了一篇文章。,contribute,for,contri

42、buted to,contributed,to,contributed,to,共 99 页,67,33.apart from,apart from除了以外拓展 take.apart把拆开tell.apart区分，辨别set/put apart留出,共 99 页,68,apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besidesapart from 除之外(既可以表示 except或except for，也可以表示 besides)in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides)in

43、 addition to 除以外还(相当于介词 besides),共 99 页,69,as well as 还；既又；也(相当于介词 besides)except(but)除之外(不包括在内)except for 除之外(强调有美中不足)except that(what/when/where)除了besides 除之外(包括在内)；况且；此外注意，apart from,except for都可用于句首，但except不能。,共 99 页,70,【高考链接】1.I know nothing about the young ladyshe is from Beijing.(2000年上海高考题)A

44、.except B.except for C.except that D.besides(答案：C)2.The suit fitted him wellthe colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题)except for B.except that C.except when D.besides(答案：B),共 99 页,71,应用4用上述词或词组填空(1)I like her _ she is angry.(2)I have read a lot of novels _some short stories.(3)Your composition

45、is very good _ some spelling mistakes.(4)_，we have a researchoriented program.(5)They all went to sleep _ the little boy.,except when,in addition to/besides/as well as/apart from,apart from/except for,In addition/Besides,apart from/except,共 99 页,72,即学即练11(1)_ the cost,it will take a lot of time.除了花钱

46、以外，还要花很多时间。(2)I have nothing _ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，我什么也没有。(3)The mechanics _ the engine _.机械师把发动机拆开了。(4)Its almost impossible to _ Jackie and Moira _ since they had their hair cut.杰姬和莫伊拉把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区别开来。,Apart from,apart from,took,apart,tell,apart,共 99 页,73,34.firework,焰火短语Play fi

47、reworks放烟火firework case烟花盒Firework Festival烟花汇演,共 99 页,74,35.creative,adj.创造性的 So we have to be creative.所以我们必须有创造性。词根：createadv.creatively 创造性地；有创造力地n.creature 动物，生物；人；创造物creation 创造，创作；创作物，产物creativity 创造力；创造性=creativeness 创造性；才思creator 创造者；创建者vt.create 创造，创作；造成,共 99 页,75,36.co-operative,adj.合作性质的

48、；联营的 短语co-operative advertising合作性广告；互助性告白co-operative society合作社co-operative program合作课程retail co-operative零售合作社co-operative movement合作运动,共 99 页,76,37.positive adj.,adj.积极的；数 正的，化学医 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对词根：posit n.假设；设想 vt.安置；假定 adv.positively 肯定地；明确地；断然地 positivity 积极性，确实 positiveness 信心；肯定Can yo

49、u be positive about what you saw?你能肯定你看得真切吗?Alas,their response was not all that positive.唉，他们的回复并非都是正面的。Now I see that,unlike her,they were my positive models.现在我知道了，那些人不像她，他们是我的正面的表率。But how do we cultivate positive emotions?但是我们该如何培养积极的情感呢？,共 99 页,77,38.be strict with,短语be strict with oneself严于律已

50、be strict with对要求严格be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict with me对我严格要求Be strict with yourself律己要严be strict with children对孩子要求很严,共 99 页,78,make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义make sense of sth.懂；了解的含义make no sense 讲不通；无意义in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上in no sense 决不是；决非There is no sense in doing sth.做没必要/道理a sense of humo