高英语代词复习.ppt

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1、高考语法复习三,代 词,代词pronoun的分类代词可以分为下列九类：1.人称代词：They are my school mates.。2.物主代词：Our neighbors have great concern for each other.3.反身代词：Take good care of yourselves.4.相互代词：We should help each。5.指示代词：Who are these people?6.疑问代词：What are you doing?7.关系代词：She married Tony Harper,who is a student too.8.连接代词：D

2、o you know who did it?9.不定代词：Do you know anything about it?,人称代词主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them,形容词性物主代词：my,our,your,his,her,its,their不能单独用，要跟名词连用名词性物主代词：mine,ours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs（只能单独用，不能跟名词连用）,反身代词 myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself

3、,themselves,相互代词each other,one another,指示代词 this,that,these,those,it,one,疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,不定代词有both,either,neither,one,the other,another,little,few,some,any,each,every,no,none等，,1、人称代词的替代和转换;2、物主代词的性；3、else 的用法；4、不定代词的用法比较;5、it 的用法；,高考考点分析,人称代词和物主代词,人称代词的

4、指代问题 问题1：It was _ who did it,but it was _ that we are talking about.A.he she B.him her C.him she D.he her,解析：问题中前后两个分句都是强调句，前面的代词作 did it 的主语，而后面的代词作 talking about 的宾语。人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作表语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，

5、例如：I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.,D,2）在使用人称代词时，要注意其人称、数和格的一致。如：Jim and I saw the man passing by.Between you and me,he stole a lot of money from somewhere.(私下跟你说吧，不知他从哪里偷了一大笔钱呢。)He asked three of us,John,Joan and me,to have dinner with him.Meat and fish are more expensive than the

6、y used to be.不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone，someone，everyone，no one，及 whoever 和 person 在正 式场合使用时，可用 he,his,him 代替。Nobody came,did he?谁也没来，是吗?,2.人称代词之主、宾格的替换 问题2：Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why?John is sitting there doing nothing.（03全国卷）AhimBheCI Dme,解析：在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在 no

7、t 后，多用宾格。-I like English.-我喜欢英语。-Me too.-我也喜欢。-Have more wine?-再来点酒喝吗?-Not me.-我可不要了。,D,问题3：-May I speak to John?-This is _ speaking.A.heB.hisC.himD.himself,解析：a.在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。All but _ to the concert tomorrow.A.he and I am going B.he and I are going C.he and me are goingD.his and me a

8、m going b.在电话用语中常用主格。-I wish to speak to Mary.-我想和玛丽通话。-This is she.-我就是玛丽。,A,B,3.物主代词的性问题4：-Is this camera like Bills and Anns?-No,but its almost the same as _.(1994)A.her B.yours C.them D.their,B,解析：形容词性的物主代词修饰名词，不能独用;名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s所有格结构，例如：That is my book.That book is mine.Theirs is a

9、very large university.另外，在动名词前常加上形容词性的物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如：Would you mind my opening the window?,4.反身代词问题5：You will find as you read this book that you just cant keep some of these stories to _.You will want to share them with a friend.（05湖南）A.itself B.yourself C.himself D.themselves,B,反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。

10、a.作宾语：有些动词需有反身代词 absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave,help,dress,keep,We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.b.作表语；be oneself:I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。c.作同位语 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。,不定代词的用法,A、some/any问题1 Theres_ coo

11、king oil left in the house.Would you go to the corner store and get_?（04北京）A.little;someB.little;any C.a little;someD.a little;any问题2 I asked him for some oil,but he hadnt _.(1986)A.any B.some C.no D.anything,A,A,说明：some“一些”，一般用于肯定句中。1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。(=a certain)You will be sorr

12、y for this some day.A certain(some)person has seen you break the rule.注意：some 用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some coffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.,c.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：I havent heard from some of my old fri

13、ends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信 any“一些”，多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。当表示“任何一个”的意思时，any 可用于肯定句。Here are three novels.You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。,问题3：We havent enough books for;some of you will have to share.（05全国卷1）Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 问题4：-One weeks time has been wasted.-I cant believe we d

14、id all that work for.(04重庆）A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything,C,B,注意：some,any,every 所构成的合成不定代词不能与 of 连用，只有分开才可接 of 短语。如：some one of us;every one of them 但要注意：none of them(no one 后不接 of 短语),B、one，that 和 it 问题1：Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will alwa

15、ys treasure.（02N）thatoneitWhat问题2：The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.(2001 N)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which,B,B,问题3：I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth,because I want to live near my Moms.（05天津卷）A.one B.that C.it D.this 问题4：Cars do cause us some health

16、 problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.(05江西卷)AoneBonesCitDthose,B,B,说明：one 表示泛指，that 和 it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it 与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat.I think I must buy_.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than_ I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I d

17、on t know where I put_.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了,one,that,it,I dont like this skirt.I like the red _.2.Im planning to buy a house.Id like _with a garden.3.The population in Guangzhou is bigger than _in Changsha.4.I prefer the apples in the basket to _ in the box.5.I like one of the cars on exhibitio

18、n very much,but I dont have enough money to buy _.,it,one,that,one,those,C、another/other/the other/others/the others问题1：Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _.(1993 上海)A.the other B.some other C.othersD.these others问题2：One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,a

19、nd _.(2000 北京春季)A.the other is whiteB.another white C.the other whiteD.another is white问题3：No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.（05上海卷）A.others B.the otherC.eitherD.another,C,C,B,说明：the other指两个人或物中的一个时:one the other:He has two daughters.One is a nu

20、rse,the other is a worker.他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如：On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。,1.,one another，anotheranother=an+other，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。I do

21、nt like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。I have three daughters.One is a nurse,another is a teacher and another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。,2.,others用于泛指，表示“别的人或 物”，=other+复数名词。the others用于特指，表示“某范围中除去某部分后，余下的全部人或物”，=the other+复数名词 1)泛指另一个用another。2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用 one，另一

22、个用 the other。3)一定范围内三者，一个用 one，另一个用one(another)，第三个可用the other，a third。4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5)除去已有的，表示“还有多少”，一般有三个结构：another+数量+名词；数量+other+名词；数量+more+名词。,3.,1I have two daughters.One is a nurse,_ is a teacher.2Some students cleaned the windows,_mopped the floor.3“Do you like these pant

23、s sir？”“No，please show me _.”4Why are only three of you here in the classroom？Where are_？5Tom runs faster than any _ student in his class.,the other,others,another,the others,other,D、anyone/any one；no one/none；nothing问题1：Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do.（04湖南）A.anything B.something C

24、.everything D.nothing问题2：We havent enough books for;some of you will have to share.（05全国卷1）Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 问题3：She doesnt know anyone here.She has got_to talk to.（04广东）A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one,B,C,D,1.anyone 和 any one anyone 仅指人,不与 of 连用；any one 既可指人,也可指物。2.no one

25、 和 nonea)none 后跟 of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而 no one 只 单独使用，只指人。b)none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而 no one 作 主语，谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。-Did any one call me up just now?-No one.none 和 nothing none 只指量，指所指的一类人或物中一个都没有；nothing 泛指，什么东西都不存在。后面不接 of 短语。如：-Are there any eggs in the fridge?-None.In fact,th

26、ere is nothing in the fridge.,E、every 和each问题：_ he goes out for some food.A.Every a few daysB.Every few daysC.Each few daysD.Every several days,B,说明：1)every 强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works hard.Each student may have one book.2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以 上的人或物(含两个),3)every 只作形

27、容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形 容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.4)every不可以作状语，each可作状语。We each have a glass to drink water with.5)every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等；each 没有。6)every 与not 连用，表示部分否定；each 和not连用表 示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each

28、man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实,F、both,either,neither,all,any,none 问题1：I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but _ of them came.（04北京）A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.both问题2：-Do you want tea or coffee?-_.I really dont mind.(2000 北京春季)A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither问题3：-Which of the three ways shall I take to the vil

29、lage?-_ way as you please.（04福建）AEachBEveryCAnyDEither问题4：26.I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best.（04上海）A.both B.none C.neither D.all,A,C,C,D,1）both(两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)，neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。注意 both，either 的用法区别：both

30、与复数连用，either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.Either of the two boys is clever.There are flowers on both sides of the street.There are flowers on either side of the street.2）all(所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个)，none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like n

31、one of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意：all 与 none 用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.All(of)the milk is there.,G、few,little,a few,a little,a bit 问题:Although hes wealthy，he spends _ on clothes.A.little B.fewC.a little D.a few,A,spend 所指的是钱，不可数，只能用 little 或 a little.本句为 although 引导的让步状

32、语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用 little 表示几乎不。,(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词a few/a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few/little为否定含义，没有多少了。a bit of+不可数名词:有一点儿,少量的 not a little=much;not a bit=not at allHe has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。T

33、here is only a bit of ink in the bottle.We are not a little tired because we have been working for almost twenty hours.Although he had walked a long way,he didnt feel tired a bit.,考题点击：-Did you go on many of the hunting trips?-No,_.A.not much B.little at all C.fewer D.very few2)-Are you feeling tire

34、d after the game?-_.In fact,I feel quite relaxed.A.Not a little B.Not a bit C.Not little D.Not bit3)Tom never goes out to eat because he has _ money.A.fewB.littleC.a littleD.a few _ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party.(1997 上海)A.Few ofB.FewC.The fewD.A few,D,B,B,C,a f

35、ew 泛指几个，为数不多的 the few 具体指就那几个，在这个语境里，指能数出来而且知道的那几个为数不多的朋友,else 的用法,问题1-Victor certainly cares too much about himself.-Yes.Hes never interested in what _ is doing.（05重庆卷）(B)A.no one else B.anyone else C.someone else D.nobody else,else 常与不定代词连用，用来表示“别的人或物”，近几年已成为高考中的热点。no one else=nobody else，表示“没别的人”

36、，someone else 表示“别的某个人”,anyone else 表示“别的任何人”。,问题2 If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be?(NMET2001)Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwho elses,除了不定代词外，另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。else 结构的所有格是在else后加-s。,It的用法,1.it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2.it指代时间,季节,距离.3.it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think,find,make,believe,)4.it作形式主语.当动

37、名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.5.It is that.的强调句型.,内容提要,1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。例如：Who is the baby?Its my teachers sonWho is that gentleman?Its my friend,TomHe(不可用It)wants to see you【典型例题】(NMET2001)The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it

38、 C.one D.which,B,2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。Its half an hours walk from here to our school Its nice and warm hereBut its two oclock now,and its time for us to go to school 注意下列几种表示时间的句型,.It is time(about time,high time)that.Its high time that we left.It is the first(second.)time that.Its the first time th

39、at I have been praised.It is.since.（具体用法）Its three years since they got married.It is/was.when.It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.It is/was.before.“之后才”，“没过就”It will be two years before we meet again.,“之后才”，“没过就”。例如：It was three days before he went to Beijing.It will not be long before he finishes

40、 his job.,It is+一段时间since.句型”：1做有多长时间了。短暂性动词2.“有多长时间没做.了”延续性动词如 It is five years since he became a soldier.It is five years since he was a soldier.,他当兵已经五年了。,他不当兵已经五年了。,如果since从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，我们可以直译，而如果since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，我们则需译为其相应的短暂性动词,3.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式

41、宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。6 指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 指的是形式宾语 it；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短 语,动名词短语或 that 引导的宾语从句。,Lots of foreigners find it difficult to learn English.,We think it our duty to clean the classroom every day.,They found it difficult that they woul

42、d finish the work in two days.,4.It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.此句型中的真正主语是不定式短语，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有：important,necessary,natural easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the part

43、y.=It is important that she(should)come to the party,It作形式主语时的几个常见句型:.It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.该句型中的不定式如果须要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词 of,而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice（有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong.,.It t

44、akes sb.to do sth.“做要花某人”It took me ages to repair my computer.It is no good(use)doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good,no use,no value,no importance Its no use crying over the spilt milk.It doesnt matter whether(if).不论（是否）没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or not.,.It happens(seems

45、,appears)that.It happened that I had seen this problem in some book.It is said(reported,learned.)that.“据说”（据报道，据悉）It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting.It is a pity(a shame.)that.It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score.,.It is important(necessary,rig

46、ht,strange,natural.)that.记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省去.It is suggested(ordered.)that.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省常译为据建议；有命令）,.It is up to sb.to do sth.该句型为“该由某人做”。该句型中 up后的to是介词。It is up to him to clean our classroom today.今天应由他做教室清洁。It is up to parents to teach their childre

47、n manners.该由父母教孩子礼貌。,5.It is+被强调部分+that.将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于 that 之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法注意:It is not until+被强调部分+that.强凋“直到才”，需将 not 置于 until 之前,It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made(NMET97，单项填空

48、)AthatBuntil CbeforeDwhen _computers play such an important part in our daily life?AWhy it is thatBWhy is it thatCWhy was it that DWhy is it,B,A,3.It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil BthatCthenDso4.It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_ attracted the audiences interest.A.so that B.that C.what D.in which,B,B,Good-bye!,