医学词汇构词法i..ppt

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1、By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department,The Formation of Medical Vocabulary,A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes,I.Target,1.Mastering medical language:vocabulary and discourse level learning,2.Practical application of medical communication:speaking and writing with ML,I.Target,3.Nur

2、ture the sense of stylistic research,II.Methodology,1.Acquire the knowledge of word formation,2.Understand the medical language traits through reading,3.Observe and summarize the stylistic features,4.Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide,III.Course Arrangement,1.72 Teaching periods,

3、4/week,2.Eight Units this term,3.Required course and exam,4.Term achievements:based on assignments,quiz,class response,and final exam dynamically,Davi-Ellen Chamber says:Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language.The words at first sound strange and complicated although they m

4、ay stand for commonly known English terms.The words gastralgia,meaning“stomach ache”,and ophthalmologist,meaning eye doctor,are examples.The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term,complex or simple,can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood.,What is me

5、dical language?,Basic elements of medical words,Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements:the part of the word that we shall call the base(root/stem)because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word,prefixes and suffixes,and vowels(o/a)that join all these p

6、arts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters),Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chest pain and

7、 increased susceptibility to tuberculosis,Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally.Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots,suffixes,prefixes,combining vowels,and combining forms.,gastr/o/enter/o/logy,root,root,suffix,Combin

8、ing form,Electr/o/cardi/o/gram,root,root,root,combining vowel,combining vowel,心电图,Combining forms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:bone,epi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessiv

9、ehypo-:deficient,-emia:blood condition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrument fro visually exam-itis:inflammation-ist:person specialized in-logy:process of study-oma:tumor-osis:abnormal condition-tomy:cutting,2.To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy,phy

10、siology,and disease processes of the human body.Such as hemat/o/logy means the study of the blood.,3.To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.Hepatoma:tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma:blood tumor 血肿,OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinoma

11、Hematomahepatoma,anatomy:process of cutting upgastrectomy:removal of the stomacharthrotomy:incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多,The Roles of Pronunciation,Medical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCells,Endocrine syst.,Reproductive syst.,Master

12、y of Medical Words,OrgansTissuesCells,Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature,Essential voc.,Popular science voc.,Medical terms,The 2nd category(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiency syndrome,The 3rd category(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynami

13、cs,meteorology,pigmentation,The 1st category 70%:comment,investigate,study,Distribution of vocabulary,Medical Terminology,I.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compounding,opportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳,I.Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sy

14、mpathetic block交感神经阻滞术,sympathetic nerve,sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药；capsule 胶囊药,被膜,Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主space occupying lesion 占位性病变,Derivatives,Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-,irregularity,irresistableillegal,illiterateimmature immobileimmodestimmorali

15、tymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisstatemismanage,PrefixDis/dys-dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea diseasein-inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated,un-unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina

16、不稳定型心绞痛,none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself,非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的,ex-exclusionexcretion exhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude,排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外,Suffix:n.reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision

17、 inclusiontreatmentencouragement,Adj.generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially,V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten,-al n.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(but not:compose,comprom

18、ise),Compounds,RootsOrgans and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-,spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear oto-(otology)chest thorac/o-arteri/o arteryvaso vessel,nose naso-/nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo-Laryngitis 喉炎

19、Pharynx 咽 Pharyng(o)-Pharyngectomy 咽切除,描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior thyroid artery甲状腺下动脉,inter-(between)interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside)intracellularendo-(intra-)endocarditispoly-(many,much)polyarthritis multi

20、-(many,much)-multicuspid 多尖的hyper-(high,extra)hypertension,hypo-(low,less)hypotension homo-(same)homolateral同侧的homograft hetero-(different)heteroantigen 异种抗原dys-(not)dysplasia发育不良,dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter-对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho-精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobi

21、ology,thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎,lympho-lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少radio-radionuclide-angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunosuppression,electro-electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo-葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍

22、垂成形术,Strepto-Streptococcus StreptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的,Suffix:-itis(inflammation)hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎,-ectomy(removal)splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（

23、照像术）cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法,-gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope,-cyte(cell)leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci,-logy(science)Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology-

24、ist(scientist)Physiologist-cian physician,pediatrician technician,clinician-oma(neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia-imia血症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia 成红细胞血症,-pathy(disease)pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多-ia(condition)otitis media otoneur

25、algia 耳神经痛,hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclear leukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis,低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多白细胞增多,骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎,Test Yourselves,PoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma,脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性 综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤,Thank you for your attention!,