高二英语Book6Unit1(知识点及语法课件).ppt

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1、Unit 1 Art,虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood,1.英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,If条件从句,主句的谓语形式,条件从句的谓语形式,表示过去,表示将来,一般过去时,be动词用were,过去完成时,would/could/should/might+动词原形,1.一般过去时，be动词用were2.were to+动词原形3.should+动词原形,would/could/should/might+动词原形,表示现在,would

2、/could/should/might+have+过去分词,If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.If I knew it,I would tell you.,1.与现在事实相反,2.与过去事实相反,If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.,If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.If we planne

3、d it properly,we could finish it.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.,3.与将来事实相反,二、虚拟语气在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：,1)表示现在的情况用过去式，be 动词用were:I wish I were a bird.I wish that he stayed home now.,2)表示过去的情况用过去完成时:I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.,3)表示将来的情况用would/could/might+动词 原形:W

4、e wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,三、虚拟语气用在would rather 后的宾语从句中。,1）表示现在或将来的情况用过去时：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you came tomorrow.,2)表示过去的情况用过去完成时：I would rather you had gone then,too.,四、在as if/as though 从句中,亦可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。表示现在的情况,用过去时;表示过去的情况,用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,用过去将来时：,She loves the

5、baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if he knew it.They talked as if they had been friends for years.,注意：若不用虚拟语气,则表示可能或真 实的情形。It looks as if I am going to be busy for days.It looks as though it is going to rain.The door is locked as if he has gone out.,五、在“It is(high)time+(that)”中,that 从句用过去式（

6、be用were）或should+动词原形,should 不可省略。,Its high time(that)you went.Its(high)time that you should go.,六、表示要求，请求、命令，建议的动词后跟that 从句时，that从句要用虚拟语气，使用should+动词原形,或将should省略。,常见动词：insist(坚持要,坚决要求)2.order,command(命令)3.advise(建议),suggest(建议),propose(建议,提议)4.demand(要求),require(要求),request(请求,要求),desire(要求,请求),1)W

7、e suggest/advise/propose that Tom(should)have a rest.,2)He insisted that I(should)be present.,3)The king ordered/commanded that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.,4)They requested that we(should)send them to work there.,5)He desired/demanded/required that we(should)see her at once.,以上动词以及相

8、应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气，即：(should)动词原形 如：order,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,requirement,desire,1)Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out.2)What I advise is that we(should)set off right away.3)My demand is that she(should)come to see me once a week.4)All o

9、f us are for the advice that the chemical factory(should)be closed down.5)This is his order that you(should)be in hospital.,insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法,1)She insisted that she was right.她坚持认为(坚持说)自己是对的。2)His accent suggests that he is from Sichuan.他的口音表明他是四川人。,七、不含有if从句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句，如without(如果不)、but for(要不是

10、)、but、otherwise(否则)，或者通过分词短语表示条件。其动词形式同虚拟语气条件句的主句。But for him,I wouldnt live now.Without your aid,I would not have entered college.He was busy then,otherwise he would have gone with you.I would go to her help,but I am not free now.Given more time,we could have done it better.,八、用在“If only（要是该多好）”中。表

11、示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时;表示将来用would/could/might+动词原形。(同wish)1）If only I knew his name!=I wish that I knew his name.2）If only we had followed your advice!=We wish that we had followed your advice.3）If only I could see him again!=I wish I could see him again.,九、在“Its necessary/strange/natural/imp

12、ortant”中，that从句中要用（should）+动词原形,It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.,十、虚拟语气混合条件：,虚拟语气条件从句的谓语动词发生的时间与主句谓语动词发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间分别决定。If the weather had been finer,the cro

13、ps would be growing better.(从句指过去,主句指现在）If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in hospital.(从句指过去,主句指现在）,十一、虚拟条件句倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。1.If I were you,I would give it up.=Were I you,.2.If I had known then,I wouldnt have gone there.=Had I known then,3.If it s

14、hould rain tomorrow,we would put off the match.=Should it rain tomorrow,十二、虚拟语气可用在“if it were not for或if it had not been for（要不是的话）”引导的句子中。If it were not for your aid,I would not be studying here now.(指现在)=Were it not for your aid,(倒装句)If it had not been for your rescue,I would have been dead.(指过去)=

15、Had it not been for your rescue,(倒装句),十三、虚拟语气可用在下列句型中：1.should have done本来应该干=be supposed to have done=be to have done=ought to have done You are late.You should have come earlier.2.could have done本来能够(可以)干 You could have come earlier,but you didnt.但could have done 还可表示 推测过去的情况：He didnt come yesterday.He could have been ill.3.neednt have done本来不必干 You neednt have come so early.It is only six.,