高三语法复习-非谓语动词课件.ppt
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1、Grammar 非谓语动词 非谓语动词功能比较 to do的复合结构-ing form的复合结构 非谓语动词的否定式-ing form 与 pp 的区别,1.谓语动词与非谓语动词:,在句子中担任谓语的动词,叫做谓语动词;在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词,叫做非谓语动词。,We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.,She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.,The results obtained are quite satisfac
2、tory.Please stop speaking.,(谓语),(谓语),(状语),(主语和表语),(定语),(宾语),2.非谓语动词的分类,不定式(infinitive),分词(participle),动名词(gerund),3.非谓语动词的特点,1)不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词 组成谓语。,You ought to have been here yesterday.,2)具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。,The Party called on us to serve the people.,3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。,The students ran o
3、ut of the classroom,laughing merrily.,To be frank,your plan is not practicable.,非谓语动词功能比较,Playing with fire is dangerous.Look out!To play with fire is dangerous.,主语,to do 表示具体的动作,-ing form 表示泛指的动作。,2.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it 作形式主语。,It is right to give up smoking.,It made me very happy to hear her tal
4、k about it.,Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything
5、 the teacher says.It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money.,(for 引出动作发出者),It is+adj+for sb to do sth,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,n
6、aughty,polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble,right,rude等,It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,注意:常用在 of 句型中的 adj 有:,You are very kind to give me some help.,You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,主语,(of 引出 adj 修饰的对象),
7、It is+adj+of sb to do sth,3.“there is no+doing”句型动名词后常带宾语,相当于Its impossible to结构。Theres no saying what hell be doing next.Theres no telling what hes going to do.4.Its+no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim(昏暗的)light.Its no use sitting here waiting.不定式作主语经常表示具
8、体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。Its no good eating too much fat.Its no good for you to eat so much fat.,The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle.(kill)Dont you remember_ the man before?(see)“Have you decided when _?”“Yes,tomorrow morning.”(leave)She pretended _ me when
9、 I passed by.(not see),宾语,to leave,being killed,not to see,seeing,考点一:demand,want,expect,promise,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,decide,prepare,pretend,wish,start,afford 等+to do,宾语,注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it 作 形式宾语。,I find/feel it interesting to work wit
10、h him,find/think/feel/make/consider it+adj/n+to do sth.,My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class.,考点二:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,fancy(设想),feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,practise,put off,resist,r
11、isk,suggest,cant help,cant stand(无法忍受)等+doing,宾语,考点三:forget,remember,regret,go on,like,mean,stop,try 等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。I remember doing the exercise.I must remember to do it.I mean to come early today.Missing the train means waiting for another hour,我记得做过练习,我必须记得去做这事,我打算今早些来,误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时,宾语
12、,regret to say/tell/inform,考点四:allow,advise,forbid,permit+doing allow,advise,forbid,permit+sb to do be allowed/advised/forbidden/permitted+to do We dont allow _here.We don t allow students_.Students are not allow _.,smoking,to smoke,宾语,to smoke,考点五:在短语 devote to,look forward to,stick to,be used to,o
13、bject to,get down to,be(kept)busy,be worth,have difficulty trouble problem(in),have a good wonderful hard time(in)+doing如:I look forward to _from you soon.,hearing,宾语,考点六:动词 need,require,want 作“需要”解,+doing to be done The window requires _._.,cleaning,to be cleaned,1.The story was _,we were all _.(mo
14、ve)2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.(puzzle)3.With his son too_,the father was sad.(dispoint),定语和表语,disappointing,puzzled,moving,moved,作表语时或定语时,-ing form 与 pp 的区别,-ing form表示“令人”,pp表示“感到”,,interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的del
15、ighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的,eg.He attends the meeting being held in the room now.He attend
16、ed the meeting held yesterday.He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,2.表示被修饰词的内容时,用to do.,eg.She has a strong wish to go to college.the way/chance/ability/right/willingness to do,1.从时态上看,-ing form 表示正在进行的动作,pp表示已经完成的动作,to do表示将来的动作。,定语,注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那
17、么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,定语,动名词作定语 singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking
18、stick teaching method注:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,定语,I found him _the money.(steal)I found the money _.When he came to himself,he found himself _by an old lady.(look after)I often hear Mary _this English song.,-ing form与宾语为主动关系,强调动作正在进行;pp与宾语为被动关系,强调动作已经完成;(to)do只单纯表示一个事实,强调动作的全过程。,补足语,stealing,stolen,being l
19、ooked after,sing,注意2:在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make 等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。,注意1:ask,advise,allow,permit,get,beg,cause,command,order,force,oblige,encourage,instruct,remind,warn,want,wish,expect,prefer,would like,call on,depend on,ask for,wait for
20、,help+sb to do,I often hear him sing the song,He is often heard to sing the song,补足语,-ing form 与 pp 作状语现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况 等。,Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagain andagaintous.United,we stand;divided,we fall.(=When/If we are united)Seen from the hill,the park looks very bea
21、utiful.Climbing tothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.,(1)表示时间,(2)表示原因 Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisethe averageyield(产量)by40percent.Even if invited,I wont go.(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedher best.,(5)表示结果
22、Itrainedheavily,causingsevereflooding inthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,addressSurrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the room.,作状语时的区别:,They worked hard to pay for the n
23、ecklace.I went to see him only to find him out.I am glad to see you.,to do 表示 1.目的;2.结果表示出人预料的情况或结 果。常用only强调。3.原因表示造成情感变化的原因。,目的,结果,原因,状语,-ing/pp 表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,In order to pass the exam,he worked very hard,We ran all the way so as not to be late,2.在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。,I am very glad to hear it.Th
24、e question is difficult to answer,3.too+adj/adv+to do 作状语,He is too old to do that,4.enough+adj/adv+to do 作状语,The room is big enough to hold us,1.目的状语:in order to 或 so as to,to do 作状语的其它几种情况:,5.so/such as to do 表结果,He was so angry as to be unable to speak.I am not such a fool as to believe you.,分词的时
25、态和语态:与主语动词同时,应用现在分词。分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用 having done。The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.(prepare)_ a reply,he decided to write again.(receive)_in the university for 3 years,he knows the way very well_by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking,Having studied,
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