英语词根词缀学习.ppt

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1、2016 恋练有词 词根词缀大串讲,恋练有词,LECTURE NOTE:Arrangement,Methods词根，词缀*词汇的辨析*江湖记忆法,AFTER-CLASS WORK:REPETITION!,5,A Demo Word to Start:unparalleled,Para=部分，偏,llel,lel,level=线条,-ed(adj)=没有意思,Paralympics,词根=256后缀=10,单词构成,1.Prefix：（情感+方向）,2.Root:（本源=substance）,submarine,“老茧”怎么说？,=callus,3.1.Suffix（词性）,-ive=抽象adj

2、.(=n.:rich;poor;preservative),-ity:抽象n.personality productivity),-ate=厚道之人(intimateintimacy),-or/-er=主动方的人initiative,-ian=在某方面执着并有兴趣的人(politician statesman),-ist=专家physicist;specialist,-ee=被动方的人（passive）(employee;refugee),-al=专业人士professional,3.2.Suffix：（词性）,原则一：顺序改变，意思不变,mature(n.)amateur(n.),原则二:元

3、音替换，意思不变(a,e,i,o,u,y),symmetry(n.)=相称 sym=same=sem metry=meterthermometer,symmetry asymmetrysymmetric asymmetric,原则三:发音相近，意思也相近,dialogue=dia对面+log(说话=loq=log),diagnose=诊断eloquence=e(e=ex=out)+loq,uphold(v.)upsurge surgeuproar roar 咆哮，大声疾呼=riot/disturbance,前缀-Prefix(向上)：up-:,sustain(v.)持续，坚持 obtain t

4、ain=stay/catchobtain ones approvaldetainwith the sustainable development ofgeilivable:给力的,maintain:a.=维修 b.=维持 c.=主张=set forth 养家糊口=a family=make both ends meet,ends:income expenditure/expenseoutcome=结果，结局Disastrous outcomes/consequencesbreadwinner=持家者Who wins the bread in this family?汽车保养=vehicle-m

5、aintenance,superficial(a)表面的，肤浅的superior(a/n)inferior(a/n)下属；下等的superiority inferiority,on-line surfing(f与飞有关)sufficient(a)sufficiency(n.)suffice sb.in.deficient insufficientefficient energe-efficient house,a:上;重叠 overlap(v.)重叠 lap lapse collapse eclipseoverlook(v.)忽视supervision(n.)监督,b:过(Bite off m

6、ore than one can chew.)over-sensitiveover-insistence 忍，坚持偏执“Only Paranoia Survive”overwhelm(v.)淹没 drown=sink oblivion 湮没The flood overwhelmed the whole village.An overwhelming number of,immerse=浸在；沉浸在-merse(v.)沉在 be immersed in sth.abandon oneself to grief/pleasureM&A：Merger and Acquisitionacquire a

7、cquisitive(a.)贪婪的merse=merge=吞并:M&Asubmerge:sub=下面be submerged in.=be engaged in.saturate=饱和 satisfy,immerse immense 巨大的 vast/enormous tremendous,Over=overawe(v.):awe=敬畏awful awesome威慑 overcome=克服(你是弱者)conquer=征服(你是强者),hypersensitive(a)skinhypercritical(a):hypocriticalcritic vs.critiquecritic:skepti

8、c=怀疑论者 skeptical:be of 对什么表示怀疑critical 至关重要的It is that,groundbreaking(a.)奠基的,根本的*意义重大的，重要的：signal/striking/crucial/vital/substantial/underlyinggrub(v.)挖掘 up/out 寻找，挖掘出,hypocritical 虚伪 hypocrisy(n.)hypocrite*hypothesis(n.)假设，前提 thesisUnder the of hypothetical 以什么为前提的*Hypothetically,在这样的前提之下（作文好词）hypn

9、osis(n.)催眠hypnotic(n/a)催眠的 therapist,malicebe malicious to=be hostile tohostility 敌意（主人不好客）hostage hospitality hospitalize maltreat(v.)虐待 abuse,mistreat=maltreat(v.)mislead(v.)misunderstanding(n.)misjudgment(n.),mis-:,the:定-ism:主义，信仰，制度，精神theism有神论 atheism无神论,a-:,screw(n.)螺丝;螺丝钉的精神You screw(mess,fuc

10、k)up the whole thing!fuss(n./v.)大惊小怪make a fuss over/of 对特别在意;大惊小怪scrupulous 认真的，勤勤恳恳的,un-:,unscrupulous 马虎的;死不要脸的;寡廉鲜耻的scrutinize(v.)仔细审查scrutiny(n.),unconscious=无意识的 subconscious submit subtitle subtle unfeasible=不能实施的 ease-轻松，悠闲undergo=经历 experienceUndertake承担创业 innovative undertakingset/build up

11、 ones own business,fold(n./v.)unfold 打开,表明veil(n.)unveil 揭幕，表明leash unleashWhy do you unleash all of your fuels on me?,un-+n.v.,un-,in-c,dis-表否定时 有规律吗？,a:在什么的里面（当后面跟着的部分并非是独立单词时）inanity(n.):一个人在家里空虚 vanity 虚荣 va-vacant vacancy a vacant parking placeb:向下（当是独立单词时）invalidity;invalid(a):无用的,无效的(药)inconv

12、enient,immune be to mu-mutual win-win mutual benefits Prison Break II:Sara:He is to females=gay.immunity=免疫力immunology=免疫学免疫学家=immunologist,豁免，免除 exempt外交官享有外交豁免权 diplomacy exemption,dipl=dupl=dub=doublediplomat=外交家=双面人 A is someone who can tell you to go straight to the hell,and that you actually l

13、ook forward to a trip.diploma certificate(certify)duplicate:(v)=复制；(n)=一式两份,mort:摩的死亡mortal=死亡的immortality=永垂不朽immortal董存瑞 immortalnot dead,mortgage：gage(n./v.)=抵押 engage=订婚 engagement=婚约 be engaged to sb.=与某人订婚 be engaged to do sth private detective,sb.be engaged in doingengage oneself in.全身心投入做某事=

14、be committed to doing sth.=commit oneself to doing sth.=dedicate/devote(the same as commit)commit suicide in the name of slavery to commit many inhuman acts（Aristotle）,dispense(v.)=?expenditure;expense(n.)开销?dispense 分配；拨款Be dispensed from indispensable 必不可少的compensate(v.)=?pens=钱把钱全部给你 赔偿 for your

15、loss of.,*distribute(v.)=?tribute:贡品；献礼；赞美 pay tribute to 推崇 praise/commendcontribute:共献=贡献?distribute 分配，分销distributor/distribution 分销商outlet 奥特莱斯：分店，精品折扣店 retail wholesale（merchant）,dissatisfaction(n.)不满意discontent 不满足 contenteddispute:disputable*reputation fame在这样的前提下：all in all;in a word;Hypothe

16、tically,we may firmly arrive at an indisputable conclusion that,enlighten=?sb.on sth.encounter=?counterpartWeve encountered some turbulence,please keep your seatbelt fastened.encounter into/come across/coincide with(incident coincidence),counter en,假币:counterfeit currency deceive deceit deception co

17、nceive conceit self-conceitedencapsulate capsule-cap-le/-letImplementation-capacity,a:否定 impartial不偏不倚的，公正的 objective/carefreeImpart(apprentice)impact impairimprudent 谨慎的马虎的 rude plightimpudent,b:=imm=ill=irr immobileillegal 不合法的(performance/conduct)illegitimate 不合法的（qualification）,分析：leg=lawdelegat

18、e=?下面选出的厚道之人=代表legislate(v.)=?立法,b:=imm=ill=irr 合法继承人=?a legitimate heir/successor(based on kinship/lineage)kin kindredirreplaceable:不可取代的；至关重要的 irreplaceably,embed(v.)嵌入be embedded inembellish(v.)美化，装饰embarrass=?在酒吧里像个驴,em-:在什么里面,embarrassingan embarrassing situation 尴尬情况embarrassment(n.)尴尬-ass har

19、assment(n.)sexual harassharassed(a.)骚扰的；心烦的,ambassador(n.)大使am-爱 bass 贝斯，重音 embassy(n.)大使馆 disturbance(n.)心烦意乱OSH:office sexual harassment,aberrant(a)=?err=error an errant boy 迷途少年?aberrant 变态的，不正常的 manners 不正常行径,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,abolish(v.)丢弃，废弃 pol 抛 polish（+law,regulations,conventions）abolish vs.

20、eliminate diminish,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,extinguisher 灭火器 extinguish extinct volcano 死火山extinction 生化危机第三部 quench:queen;squeeze(exploit)扑灭,消灭,毁灭abate(v.)=not eat 减弱，废掉,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,abstract=?trace=track=trail 痕迹，轨迹(n.);跟踪(v.)trailer 预告片?abstract 摘要(n.);抽象的(a);抽象化(v.)a concrete clue,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,a

21、bound=?boundary 边界线（象棋楚河分界）?abound 使什么无边无界；充满；到处存在 abound in 充满abundant 大量存在的 be abundant in,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,bound(v./n.)=bounce弹跳 bind be bound up withbe bound to 有义务的,必须做的=be destined to 命运注定的*destinys child:brown eyesbe doomed to 注定不好的事情*gloom*ODom,ab-:off 剥离，抽离，分开,Display exhibition exposition(

22、expose)deforest 滥砍滥伐deforestation【mudslide 泥石流 landslide 土地流失 人流？personslide?abortion,di-,de-,dis-:away,dilemma=?难以抉择，进退两难 I am in a about whether to study abroad or to pursue knowledge in domestic atmosphere.domain(n.)dominate(v.)domestic violence domesticate be predominant in 占据 be preoccupied by/

23、with 被提前占据,di-,de-,dis-:away,a:=againreconsiderrestorerestoration renaissance R narcissism narcissisticrecommend:commend=夸奖 推荐 command recommendationreassure=确保，保证,recreation:重新创造消遣,娱乐amuse-amusemententertain(娱乐别人)招待，款待 entertainment=娱乐圈tain-获得;进来就得留下娱乐圈brokerrecharge=?Rechargeablecharge sb.with,b:=

24、back 撤，拆 retreat*=?tyresrecall=召回 crisisrefuge:避难(所)=shelter(交警的)安全岛 refugee(n.),Shellshield-lance freelanceShelter Shepherd dogHerd herb,repent:后悔,悔恨+of pent=pens=money 要钱回来resent:送出去的东西想要回来 怨恨,仇恨,愤怒+sth.retract：tract=收缩 shrink shrimpcontraction inflation 收缩 contract inflate flatrepulsion:pul=pel=p

25、ull强迫,拉 讨厌,反感=antipathy sympathy,reclaim(re=back):开垦，拓荒claim ones rights of being informedreclaim land from sea 围海造田 forests from fields 退耕还林for=forward我主张：I set forth that foresee 预见 在可预见的未来:in the foreseeable future,re-:a/b,rear(n./v./a):尾部,后方,汽车尾部 垫后=bring up the rearThere is a bird at/in the rea

26、r of your vehicle(v.)=抚养=raise=培养(人文),培育=cultivate rear a child/raise an elder upnurture(nutrition)nourish(nourishment)make-up/cosmetic,revoke:re=back 收回,否认 vok=voc=voice renounce+ones privilege/priority/precedence be prior to(walk)provoke=挑衅,激起,刺激 indignant indignity dignityProvocative(a./n.)刺激性（的）

27、,evoke：vok=voice=VOA 呼唤,唤醒evocative=被唤起的,被引起的*seduce;tempt;flirt（lust/porn);Induce 诱发 inducement 诱因，原因 ir=搅;tease(body；ease=easy);脱衣舞=striptease,jog:a.=唤醒,唤起=evoke b.=慢跑 jogging c.=轻推 jog ones memory about sth.jolt=颠簸,urge=促进,刺激,催促 urge sb.to do sth.urgent:be to do sth.keen ur=刺激;马刺=spur(n./v.)It is

28、 imperative that impelimperative=急切的 impulse n.命令，必要的事 pulse,revolve=旋转（自转）rotate=旋转（围他转）evolve evolutionvolve=旋转 往外转-进化volume=卷；音量 sales turnovers chapter charter,evolution revolutionary revolutionize=change vastly sth.involve sb./sth.in=卷进来involve=include;involving=includingresolve=解决，解析resolution

29、=决心，解析度，分辨率resolute=有决心的，果断的,of-:=op-ob-offend(v.)offensive(a)weaponryoffense(n.)进攻；冒犯defend(v.),*offset(v./n.):=抵消 rise up the price to offset the increasing costs.set off=set/be about doing sth.set out to do sth.=take offoutset-outcome,oppose 反对opponent(n.)反对者counterpartvs.oppress 压迫 depression re

30、pressoppressed(a/n.)被压迫者 ruler,op-:,obstacle(n.)=?分析：stack 捆一堆 a ofStake木桩，利害关系，股份be at stake=be in dangerpainstaking make efforts,ob-:,oblige：ob=对立,对面 obstacle a.压迫,迫使 sb.to do sth.obligation=liabilitybe liable to=倾向于做某事,易于.be prone to(pro=向前)be apt to aptitude altitudebe subject(ed)to subject A to

31、 B(subjective,objective),b.=:I am much obliged to you for your kindness in giving me first aid after that unfortunate CRH crash.(深深)感激(来自内心强烈的呼唤)CRH=Chinese Railway High-speed,be obsessed with分析：se a.=色：seduce 不只是吸引;seductionvs.tempt 勾引 temptation【Blind Date相亲】reality show“If You Are The One”,se b.=

32、盯着看：observe(v.)观察（第一步）perceive 领悟（第二步）（分析：per-:fully/through perfect）Perception insight insightfulbe obsessed with 被什么困扰 A lot of girls are obsessed with their weight.,eclipse：a.=(日，月)食 solar lunarlapse(n)=lap大腿 lapse(v.)下降；(n.)瑕疵b.=没落；失势His family has been in.走向没落【红楼梦】,apocalypse:天兆 the Day of Judg

33、ment1.symbol=象征,征兆,图腾2.emblem=(a sign of glory)徽章3.symptom=不好的标志=恶兆 Fever is a typical of many diseases.4.sign=标志 Peugeot=美洲狮=标致5085.hallmark(n.)质检证明；典型特征(=characteristic),-lipse=-lapse=lypse,elapse:e=out 慢慢往下走慢慢消逝 Three years have d since we met with each other last time.(fly by/go by)collapse:崩溃,瓦

34、解 dilapidated:废弃的,过时的,抛弃的 desire=废弃欲望=乐队 elated:迟到了出去玩得意洋洋的 elation,anti-human offense：（挪威奥斯陆）anti-cancer anti-bodyanticipate(v.)期望=expect分析：-cipate=takeparticipate in=take part inemancipate：解放,释放 spare liberate liberal liberation The invention of this machine can a lot of labors.,anti-:,counterpart

35、 Counterbalance counterfeit currency:伪造的(犯罪性质)词汇比较:fake-copycat-false-artificialfake:赝品假花/绢花:fake flowercopycat:山寨=“Shanzhai”cellphone/movie star,false:由于原物无法恢复而制造的替代品a false toothfabricate=伪造，制作 fable fancy fantasy fascinate show fancy to(be fond of)Be fascinated byartificial:人工的 Intelligence 人工智能

36、gizmo robot automaticNineWall E,counter-:假,顺时针 clockwise逆时针 counterclockwiseI got a counter-clockwise life.(Im in a mess.),counter-:反,祖先：ancestor=?anc-arc 古?=primitive heraldherald a.(n.)=先驱；报信人；泄密者he her=遗传，继承 heir inherit ancestor 祖先 primitive(n./a.)先人 forerunner(n.)先驱 b.(v.)=预示 prophet(n.)预言家 phi

37、-phil-大爱，大智慧 philanthrope,pri-=pre-=pro-：,proceed(v.)：推进 在拍这部电影之前，他已经获得了家属的同意。Before proceeding with the movie After shock,Director Feng has obtained the approval from the victims families.,precede(v.):先于某人做某事 precede sb.in doing sth.(be prior to)I u in pursuing that girl,so you should quit.分析：cede=

38、ced=ceed=cess=gress=ped-ade=go 走路,向前走 precedence 优先 priority 优先权,pri-=pre-=pro-：,precedent 先例这是一个史无前例的改变。This is an unprecedented alternation/variation.（a big change.）alter(alternate)alternativevary variable invariably permanent-cede,pri-=pre-=pro-：,accede:(ac-=to)accessGive sb.easy access to a.=继位，

39、上任:accede to the throne b.=接纳:accede to sb.for sth.因某事接纳某人,concede:一起走开让步；迁就；允许某人做某事；concession：a:迁就=compromise compromised group/company=调解公司;中间人，裁判官=arbitrator（lawyer、attorney）arc arbitrary(a)武断的，独裁的 arbitrate,concede=tolerate(u just grin and bear it.一笑而过)tolerance=inclusiveness=generosity exclusi

40、ve clubconcede sth.=admit sth.concede sth.to sb.赋予,授权=authorize sth./authorize sb.to do sth.=entitle sb.to sth.concession b.=租界(colonization),access(n.)入口；接近(v.)access to give sb.easy access to An overwhelming number of free video websites give youngsters easy access to porn info.(Pornography Incide

41、nt)accessible(a.)可进入的,可行的,易亲近的 easy-going make this architecture accessible to the disabledfeasible(a.)可行的,行得通的 feasibility(n.)可行性,-cess,accessory：天天跟在屁股后面 a.=附属的 auto accessories b.=从犯，帮凶=complicitycomply with 遵守，听从=abide by=obey(obedient)=conform with/to=subject A to B=be subjected to=be subject t

42、o=defer to deferential deference,-cess,adhere to 附着于，粘着；强力胶水adhesive(a/n.)adhesion黏合 cohesiona.=附属，粘b.=坚持 insist on(temporary/disposable)persist in(chronic/permanent)stick to,adherent 追随者，信徒The of Buddhism=Buddhistfan=idealistic fanatical a.,coherent 一贯的，连续的cohesion-segregation(division)分析：-he.her:a

43、.=粘；b.=继承，遗传inherit(v.)继承 inheritationheir 继承人heredity(n.)遗传（特征）,aggress 侵略aggressive(a)a.=咄咄逼人的b.=有上进心的 vs.愤青的cynical(a)irony ironical,步行街?pedestrian street a.=徒步的 b.=呆板的，木讷的补充表达：非机动车道，辅道=sidewalk人行横道=pavement pave the way for,-ped：走,curb(n.)边缘(v.)控制民间高人=curbside prophet(grassroot)prophet:sb.who ca

44、n predict future(Jason Mraz)cushion(Snooker)keep/put a curb on,-ped：走,encyclopedia(n.)=?分析：-ia=通过；en-=in；-cyclo=cycle;ped=ped=走通过它可以在全世界走一圈?=百科全书,-ped：走,prolong(v.)vs.elongate(v.)延长 extend/stretcha stretch of road extend ones cordial gratitude toextend ones sincere apologies tobe grateful of,propose

45、(v.)=?提建议pose=putpropose=求婚vs.dispose(v.)处置，处理（random）Man proposes,God disposes.Disposable plastic bags/chopsticks,ethnocentric种族优越的 white-centeredracism=种族主义self-centered=自私的eccentric：e=out 古怪的;离心的weird=古怪的 bizarreeccentricity(n.),ethno=ethnic=人种的,种族的人种学=ethnology人种史(文本)=ethnographyautobiography:bi

46、o=生物,一生 自传ethnic=种族的ethnicity(n.)=the characteristic of a race or a tribe,ethos=文化精神,社会底蕴The essence of cultureethics=伦理=virtue美德=moral道德(n.)=morality,extravagant=会挥霍的,奢侈的=deluxeant/ent ance/ence(n.)extravagance(luxury,luxurious)extraordinary=非凡的,evade：=avoid evasive=逃走的Wade(NBA):w=water 在水上走淌水parad

47、e(v./n.)=检阅,行军 demonstratecrusade：ade=走路，cru=向下 crudeCrusaders 蹂躏,抢劫=depredation predator(a meat-eating animal),with-:=backwithdraw=撤销,取款(deposit)withhold=抑制 restrict,constrain/restrain+sb.from doingrefrain from,prohibit(ive)curative preventivewither,5,To:,approve,appraise,accelerate,a-的用法：,accelera

48、te(v.)=?分析：cele=speedcelerity 敏捷(-ity=抽象的概念)?accelerate 加速deceleratecelebrity Sister FengSpring Festival Celebrationnotability=显赫的大人物Bill Gates,notice=perceive=figure outNoticeable=显而易见的Notable=著名的Spring Festival Celebration 春节联欢晚会,acclaim=?分析：claim=nounce=log=loq=fess?acclaim=to claim 为某人喝彩，拥戴,accl

49、aim applause,vs.applause applaud plaud lord landlord为某人鼓掌 Give sb some hands?There are a lot of people outside thinking you should let them hear what we are doing in the air,you motherfuckers.,词汇辨析：declaim(de-=away)：大声演讲，高谈阔论exclaim：感叹 sighproclaim(v.):正式宣布(formal)exclamation;declamation proclamatio

50、n,ac-：to,catalogue:目录分析:cata=下面 awaycataclysm:灾难;剧变（人为-苏联解体）catastrophe catastrophic catabolism(metabolism)epilogue 后记 prologue分析:epi-=post-=往后放epidemic(a):流行的；感染的 flu/influenza Swine Flu Puppy kitten coyote,-claim=log=loq=fess=nounce=logue=loque:speak,monologue(n.):mono-=一个 homo homosexual【规则：前缀决定方