肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院.ppt

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1、Chapter 3 Myology 肌学,Section 1 General description,泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室 赵振美,CompositionMuscle belly肌腹Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜,ClassificationLong muscle 长肌Short muscle 短肌Flat muscle扁肌Orbicular muscle 轮匝肌,Morphology and composition of skeletal muscles,Origin,insertion and action of skeletal muscles,Supplement

2、ary structures of musclesFascia 筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fascia,Synovial bursa 滑膜囊,Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synovial layer:,Section 2 Muscles of head,Facial muscles 面肌,Epicranius 颅顶肌(occipitofrontalis)枕额肌Frontal belly 额腹Occipital belly 枕腹Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜,Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 Buccin

3、ator 颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌,Masticatory muscles,Masseter 咬肌Origininferior border and medial surface of zygomatic archInsertionlateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandibleActionelevates mandibleTemporalis 颞肌Origintemporal fossaInsertioncoronoid process of mandibleActionelevates and re

4、tracts mandible,Medial pterygoid 翼内肌 Lateral pterygoid 翼外肌,咀嚼肌,咀嚼肌,Section 3 Muscles of neck,Superficial group Platysma 颈阔肌,Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌,Suprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌 Elevate(raise)hyoid bone and depress mandible.,Infrahyoid musclesSterno

5、hyoid 胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌 Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation,Deep cervical muscles,LateralScalenus anterior 前斜角肌Scalenus medius 中斜角肌Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌 Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙 Action：Medial longus capitis 头长肌 longus colli 颈长肌Flex the head,bends the neck forw

6、ard,Section 4 Muscles of trunk,Muscles of back Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌,Trapezius 斜方肌,Origin:superior nuchal line,external occipital protuberance,ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebraeInsertion:lateral third of clavicle,acr

7、omion,and spine of scapularyAction:upper fibers elevate scapula,lower fibers depress scapula;if scapula is fixed,one side acting along,draws head toward the same side,and turn face to opposite side;both sides together,draw head directly backward,Latissimus dorsi背阔肌,Origin:spinous processes of lower

8、six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae,median sacral crest,and posterior part of iliac crest.Insertion:crest of lesser tubercle of humerus.Action:trunk fixed,extends,adducts and medially rotates arm;arm fixed,elevates trunk.,Erector spinae,Position:fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine

9、 Action:extends vertebral column(draw head backward),Muscles of thorax,)Thoracico-upper-limb muscles胸上肢肌)Thoracicointrinsic muscles胸固有肌,Pectoralis major 胸大肌,Origin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,1st-6th costal cartilages.Insertion:crest of greater tubercle of humerus.Action:flexes,adducts and rotat

10、es arm medially;arm fixed,elevates trunk;elevates ribs 1-6,aiding in forced inspiration.,Pectoralis minor 胸小肌,Serratus anterior 前锯肌,)Thoracicointrinsic muscles,Intercostales externi 肋间外肌Intercostales interni 肋间内肌Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌,Diaphragm 膈,Shape and position:a peripheral muscular part and

11、 a central tendon,Openings in the diaphragmAortic hiatus主动脉裂孔lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between the crura.It transmits the aorta,thoracic ductEsophageal hiatus 食管裂孔for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10.Vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔for inferior vena cava,through central

12、 tendon at T8 level,Action,Muscles of abdomen,Anterolateral groupObliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌 Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环,Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌,Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰:Cremaster 提睾肌:,Transversus abdominis 腹横肌,Rectus abdominis 腹直肌,Intersections 腱划,Sheath of rectus

13、 abdominis腹直肌鞘,Linea alba白线,2.Posterior group,Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,Inguinal canal 腹股沟管,Position:Two openingsSuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深环 Structures passing through the inguinal canal Spermatic cord 精索 Round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带,The Scenery of Jiuzhai Valley in Sichuan,