糖尿病新进展.ppt
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1、糖尿病新进展.,糖尿病热点回顾,提纲,改善胰岛微环境治疗糖尿病糖尿病冠心病患者治疗性激素与糖尿病含糖饮料与糖尿病糖尿病与肿瘤,改善胰岛微环境治疗糖尿病,胰岛细胞代谢,胰腺来源于胚胎时期胰腺背段和腹部胚芽胰岛细胞质量动力学变化受代谢因素的影响,通过其新生或再生、凋亡或坏死保持动态平衡成年胰岛正常细胞是缓慢更新的组织,大鼠增生率3%左右,其目的对抗细胞的正常丧失、体重的增加和胰岛素抵抗的功能性负担,胰岛细胞质量动力学变化受代谢因素的影响,通过其新生或再生、凋亡或坏死保持动态平衡,而当凋亡占优势时,细胞急剧减少,功能缺陷,导致2型糖尿病的发生。阻止细胞破坏、促进细胞再生长是治疗糖尿病的重要措施。,胰
2、岛微环境,葡萄糖毒性血管内皮细胞功能紊乱炎症因子 胰岛细胞 凋亡 脂代谢紊乱氧化应激(线粒体、内质网)胰淀粉素,恢复细胞数量,改善胰岛素抵抗:噻唑烷二酮、二甲双胍调脂、降压早期胰岛素治疗抗氧化应激GLP-1及类似物PDX-1干细胞移植 其它移植,骨髓干细胞移植,来源于骨髓的干细胞在患者胰岛微环境中可促进内源性细胞团的再生,Case 1,C-Peptide Levels and Insulin IndependenceFollowing Autologous NonmyeloablativeHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantationin Newly Diagn
3、osed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,JAMA.2009;301(15):1573-1579,糖尿病冠心病患者治疗,A Randomized Trial of Therapies for Type 2 Diabetesand Coronary Artery Disease,First hypothesis was that prompt revascularization(either surgical or catheter-based)would reduce long-term rates of death and cardiovascular events,as
4、compared with medical therapy alone.Second hypothesis was that a strategy of insulin sensitization(with a targetlevel for glycated hemoglobin of less than 7.0%)would reduce long-term rates of death and cardiovascular events,as compared with a strategy of insulin provision,N Engl J Med 2009;360:2503-
5、15.,性激素与糖尿病,Sex HormoneBinding Globulin andRisk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men,Hormonebinding globulin(SHBG)was thought to be the binding of circulating hormonesSHBG may directly mediate cell-surface signaling,cellular delivery maintenance of glucose homeostasis.,Study Population,The Womens Hea
6、lth Study,begun in 1993,is a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,2-by-2 factorial study of low-dose aspirin and vitamin E for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in 39,876 female health professionals in the United States who,at enrollment,were 45 years of age or older
7、and did not have diabetes,During a 10-year follow-up period,Conclusions,Low circulating levels of sex hormonebinding globulin are a strong predictor of the risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men.The clinical usefulness of both SHBG,含糖饮料与糖尿病,The Public Health and Economic Benefitsof Taxing Sugar-Sw
8、eetened Beverages,Among the 91,249 women in the Nurses Health Study II who were followed for 8 years,the risk of diabetes among women who consumed one or more servings of sugar-sweetened beverages per day was nearly double the risk among women who consumed less than one serving of sugar-sweetened be
9、verages per month,糖尿病与肿瘤,40,病例数:总n=127031,其中各种人胰岛素(n=95804)、门冬胰岛素(n=4103)、赖脯胰岛素(n=3269)、甘精胰岛素(n=23855)研究方法:回顾性登记研究数据来源:德国最大的法定健康保险基金(AOK)肿瘤随访的时间:平均观察时间1.63年,其中人胰岛素1.7年,门冬胰岛素1.44年,赖脯胰岛素2.10年,甘精胰岛素1.31年(p0.0001)主要终点:确诊肿瘤次要终点:全因死亡,德国研究:背景资料使用人胰岛素或胰岛素类似物治疗的糖尿病患者发生肿瘤风险的队列研究,Hemkens LG,Grouven U,Bender R,
10、et al(2009).Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues:a cohort study.Diabetologia DOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1418-4.,德国研究:原始结果,甘精胰岛素的剂量比人胰岛素低很多,同时发现甘精胰岛素组的癌症发病率稍低,经过剂量校正后发现甘精胰岛素的癌症风险具有剂量依赖性,4项研究总结,本研究的一个主要局限为患者没按随机化原则分组。许多潜在的因素,如胰岛素抵抗、体重指数、吸烟、社会地位和糖尿病
11、病程等在数据库中缺失。数据来源于保险登记系统。,未校正剂量之前,甘精胰岛素无论是肿瘤发病率还是全因死亡率均低于人胰岛素组,剂量校正后甘精胰岛素的肿瘤风险增加。缺陷:这种统计学中的剂量校正多用于前瞻性的随机对照研究,很少用于这种回顾性的观察性研究,这样容易出现假阳性,也不符合临床实际。,“本研究的一个主要局限为患者没有按照随机化原则进行分组。虽然结果中对数据库中已知的混杂因素已经进行了校正,但许多潜在的因素,如胰岛素抵抗、体重指数、吸烟、社会地位和糖尿病病程等在数据库中缺失,因此研究对这些因素没有进行分析”,Hemkens LG,Grouven U,Bender R,et al(2009).Ri
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