社会语言学第十讲社会方言阶层与职业.ppt
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1、社会语言学 第十讲社会方言:阶层与职业,西方社会分层的两大理论传统,职业与阶层紧密关联,中国美国,William Labov生平,Professor,Departments of Linguistics,University of Pennsylvania,Born:Dec 4,1927,Rutherford,NJColumbia University,M.A.,1963;Ph.D.1964Industrial chemist,Union Ink Co.,Ridgefield,NJ,1949-1960Assistant Professor,Columbia University,1964-19
2、70Associate Professor,Professor,University of Pennsylvania,1971-Director,Linguistics Laboratory,University of Pennsylvania,1976-,William Labov主要著作,The social motivation of a sound change,1963The Social Stratification of English in New York City.,1966Sociolinguistic Patterns,1972Language in the Inner
3、 City,1972Principles of Linguistic Change.Volume 1:Internal Factors,1994.Principles of Linguistic Change.Volume 2:Social Factors.2001.Principles of Linguistic Change,Volume 3:Cognitive and Cultural Factors,2010with U.Weinreich&M.Herzog,Empirical foundations for a theory of language change,1968.,Case
4、study 1:Marthas Vineyard(1963),The island was chosen as a laboratory for an initial investigation of social patterns in linguistic change.(1)has the advantage of being a self-contained unit,separated from the mainland by a good three miles of the Atlantic Ocean.(2)has enough social and geographic co
5、mplexity to provide ample room for differentiation of linguistic behavior.(3)We are also fortunate in having the records of the Linguistic Atlas of New England 1931-1972(henceforth abbreviated LANE)as a background for the investigation.,The social motivation of a sound change,The social motivation o
6、f a sound change,(1)词汇调查,A lexical questionnaire,using the regional markers shown as most significant in the maps of the LANE,supplemented with recent observations,and concentrating on the following words containing(ay)and(aw):spider dying outSliding swipe flattening outwhite outhouseegg pie frying
7、pancrouch,The social motivation of a sound change,(2)诱导提问,When we speak of the right to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness,what does right mean?.Is it in writing?.If a man is successful at a job he doesnt like,would you still say he was a successful man?“These questions were generally success
8、ful in eliciting the informants versions of the italicized words.,The social motivation of a sound change,(3)请高中生读课文,After the high winds last Thursday,we went down to the mooring to see how the boat was making out.My father started to pump out the bottom,and he told me to find out if the outboard w
9、ould start.I found out all right.I gave her a couple of real hard pulls but it was no dice.Let me try her,my father said.Not on your life,I told him.Ive got my pride.,The social motivation of a sound change,(4)公共场所录音,In addition to the formal interview,observations were made in a great many casual s
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