情态和虚拟语气.ppt

《情态和虚拟语气.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《情态和虚拟语气.ppt（95页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、,怎样复习高频考点词,panxiansanzhongzzf2012年4月14日,中考冲刺讲座,情态动词和虚拟语气 必考点,第一部分 情态动词,一、情态动词概述 情态动词，在英语中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点。1、每个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。例如：Jane may come in.简可以进来。Mr.Cheng can speak four foreign languages.程老师会说四种外语。,2、情态动词不能在句中单独作谓语。例如：他现在或许在家。误：He may at home now.正：He may be at home

2、 now.3、情态动词在句中没有任何人称和数的变化。例如：I can speak English.He can speak English.They can speak English.4、情态动词后面接动词原形。例如：We must study hard for the people.,二、情态动词的各种形式,三、情态动词高频考点,（一）can，be able to 和 could区别 1.can 和 be able to 都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can 只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多形式。但当能成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were

3、able to 来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。例如：Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.,2.can和could区别 can和could 都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用 can。如：(1)Could you help me carry the bag?Yes,I can.

4、(No,Im afraid not.)(2)Can I help you?(3)What can I do for you?,【典题例证】Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?Id love to.But Im afraid I _.I have too much work to do.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not 解析：本题考查情态动词can 的基本用法。can表示“可以，能，会”暗含一种情况的可行或允许。根据句意：因为我有太多的工作要做，这种客观事实使我今天下午不能和你一起去游泳。因

5、此，答案应该使用can的否定形式cant。,【中中考链接】1.Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now.Hes busy.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt2.It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.(2011 江西)A.mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt,【典题例证】The man in the office _ be Mr.Black because he phoned me from London just now.A.mustnt B.

6、may not C.cant D.neednt 解析：本题考查情态动词表示推测的语法。在这一用法中，如果我们要表达“某事一定不是事实”，只能使用cant，而选项A，B，D都没有这个用法。根据题意，办公室的人一定不是布莱克先生，因为他刚刚从伦敦打电话给我。,【中考链接】1.Just be patient.You _ expect the world to change so soon.A.cant B.neednt C.may not D.will not 2.Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now.Hes busy.（2010年全国II，17题）A.cant B.

7、mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,3.May I take this book out of the reading room?No,you _.You read it here.（2010年陕西，23题）A.mightnt B.wont C.neednt D.mustnt 4.One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.（2009年北京，25题）A.need B.must C.should D.ca

8、n,（二）may 和might区别 1.may 和 might 表示“允许”，may 用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表示过去时，但might也可用于现在时，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may.如：He said,“You may leave.”He said that we might leave.2.may 和might 表示建议或请求，但 might 比 may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。May/Might I use your bike?Yes，you can/may.(No,you mustnt.),【典题例证】_ I borrow your MP3?Sure

9、.Here you are.A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would解析：本题考查情态动词may 表示“可能，可以”的用法。在这里may表示一种许可.,【中考链接】_ I take the book out?（2010年四川，23题）Im afraid not.A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need 2.Although this _ sound like a simple task,great care is needed.（2008四川，10题）A.must B.may C.shall D.should,（三）must 和 have to 区别 1.must

10、 表示必须，应该。没有时态变化，例如：You must do everything as I do.注意：当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句的谓语用mustnt.例如：We must go soon,mustnt we?我们很快就得走，对吗？当must 表示“必要”时，反意疑问句的谓语用neednt.例如：The nurse must take care of the children,neednt she?保姆有必要照料孩子，不是吗？,当mustnt 表示“禁止”时，反以疑问句的谓语用 must。例如：You mustnt park your car here,must you?这里禁止停

11、车，对吗？must 表示肯定的推测。如：The light is still on,so he must be at home.mustnt 表示禁止做某事。例如：You mustnt smoke in the office.,【典题例证】May I put my bike here？No,you _.You should put it over there.A.couldnt B.neednt C.mustnt D.wont解析：本题考查mustnt 的用法。Mustnt 表示“不许”的意思，有禁止的含义。根据题意，你应该把车放那边，而此处肯定是禁止放自行车。,【典题例证】1.Cars,bu

12、ses and bikes _ stop when the traffic light is red.A.can B.must C.may D.need 解析：本题考查几个情态动词的区别。can 表示“可以，能，会”暗含一种情况的可行或允许；may 表示“可能，可以”表示一种许可或推测；must 表示“必须”暗含命令的意味；need 表示“需要”。因为本题是一条交通法规，红灯亮时，各种车辆应禁止通行。2.你必须读这个。写得精彩极了！You must read thisIts marvelous！,【中考链接】1.I have told you the truth._ I keep repeat

13、ing it?（2010年江西，23题）A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will 2.You _ park here!Its an emergency exit.（2010年重庆，21题）A.wouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt,3.Could I have a word with you,Mum?Oh dear,if you _.（2006年浙江，19题）A.can B.must C.may D.should,2.have to have to 表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事

14、“必须”做。have to 的否定形式表示不必。have to 可用于多种时态中。如:You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening.haveto和must两词都是“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。,例如：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhad tocall thedoctorinthemiddleof thenight.弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生 请来。（客观上

15、需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做 这件事）haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。,它们在否定结构中：donthaveto表示“不必”，mustnt表示“禁止”。例如：Youdonthavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustnttellhimaboutit.你不得把这件事告诉他。,【典题例证】1.你每天最少要练习一小时口语。

16、You must practise speaking English at least an hour a day2.我每天不得不练习一小时口语！I have to practise speaking English an hour a day！,【中考链接】What do you think we can do for our aged parents？You _ do anything except to do be with them and be yourself.（2007年重庆，29题）dont have to B.oughtnt to C.mustnt D.cant,（四）sho

17、uld/ought to 区别should 和 ought to 表示“应当，应该”。前者比后者语气轻。如：You should/ought to work hard.2.should 和 ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:Children shouldnt smoke.3.should 可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to 可表示劝告之意。如：You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that should leave at once.,【典题例证】1.你应该每天练习不止一小时。You ought toshould

18、 practice English for more than an hour2.你应该读一下这个。它写得很好。You ought toshould read thisIts very good,【中考链接】Turn off the TV,Jack._ your homework now?Mum,just ten more minutes,please.（2007年辽宁，30题）Should you be doing B.Shouldnt you be doingC.Couldnt you be doing D.Will you be doing,（五）will 和 would 区别will

19、用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”或“决心”等。否定式wont。如：I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.2.will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：Will you please tell her the news when you see her?,3.will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”，“惯于”的含义。如：Fish will die out of water.4.would 表示客气的请求 建议或意愿。如：Would you please be quiet?,5.would

20、 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：When I passed my school,I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.【中考链接】1.Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Dont you forget it.OK,I _.（2006重庆，25题）A.wont B.dont C.will D.do,2.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you

21、 _,in case he comes late for the meeting.(2011 福建)A.will B.must C.may D.can,【中考链接】Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.(2011 重庆)A.could B.might C.would D.should,（六）need need 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。need用作情态动词只用在否定句和疑问句；作实义动词时后面的

22、动词不定式要带to。其变化与一般动词相同。如：I need to think it over.Need you go now?Yes,I must.Or:No,I neednt.Or:No,I dont have to.,【中考链接】You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!（2008年浙江，11题）A.wouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意,可知这 里表示“你俩小时之前刚吃完午饭现在不可能饿了。”故只能选B项。,2.The boss has given everyo

23、ne a special holiday,so we _ go to work tomorrow.(上海 2007春)A.cantB.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意,可知这里表示“没有必要”,故只能选C项。,（七）dare dare 表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to 的不定式，此时to 也可以省略。dared 与 need 的用法相似。如：How dare you say that?She doesnt dare(to)ask her father.（八）used to 和 wou

24、ld区别 1.used to 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：He used to smoke.There used to be a theatre here.,2.would 可以表示过去繁复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every week.3.would 表示过去习惯时used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。【典题例证】The children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly eve

25、n without television.used to read;enjoying B.used to read;enjoyed C.were used to reading;enjoy D.were used to read;enjoying,（九）shall 和 should 区别 在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一 第三人称。如：Where shall he wait for us?/Shall we go out for a walk?2.shall 作为情态动词用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思，如：

26、You shall fail if you dont work harder.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺）He shall be punished if he dare not do that.（威胁）,【中考链接】Will you read me a story,Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011 陕西)A.might B.must C.could D.shall,3.should 表示劝告、建议、命令。其同义词是ou

27、ght to。通常用should 代替ought to。如：You should go to class right awayShould I open the window?【典题例证】The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do解析：在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示。,【中考链接】I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_

28、 have it by Friday.（2010年江苏，25题）A.could B.shall C.must D.may2.What does the sign over there read?No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.（2007四川，24题）A.will B.may C.shall D.must,（十）情态动词表示推测,四、情态动词表示推测高频考点,1、情态动词+动词原形（1）must 一定 He must be at home by now.The light is o

29、n in the room.There must be persons in it.,【中考链接】1.Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah,good morning.You _be Mrs.Peters.（2010年，北京23题）A.might B.must C.would D.can,（2）may/might 或许may/might表示可能，但 may 比might 可能性大。如：Why isnt he in class?He may be sick.（生病的可能性

30、较大）He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)She may not beat home.=it is possible that she is not at home.,【中考链接】3.Although this _ sound like a simple task,great care is needed.(2008四川，10题)A.must B.may C.shall D.should,（3）can/couldShe cant be at home.=it is impossible that she is at home.,【典题例证】3.It is usually wa

31、rm in my hometown in March,but it _ be rather cold sometimes.(2008福建，24题)A.must B.can C.should D.would,4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.It _ true because there was little snow there.（2002北京中考题）A.may not be B.wont be C.couldnt be D.mustnt be,【中考链接】4.It _ be the postman at the d

32、oor.Its only six oclock.(2011 江西)A.mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt,（4）should/ought to 估计/按理会 They should be there right now.Eating carrots ought to help you see better.,【中考链接】51ts nearly seven oclockJack_ be here at any moment Amust Bneed Cshould D.can,6.Hows your tour around the North Lake?Well,it _

33、be,but it is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.should D.must,2、情态动词+have done“情态动词have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：（1）should(ought to)have过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为“should notought not to have 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。,【中考链接】7.I_ have watched that movie itll give

34、 me horrible dreams.（2010年，山东25题）A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt,8.Im sorry.I _ at you the other day.Forget it.I was bit out of control myself.(2008年江苏，35题）A.shouldnt shout B.shouldnt have shouted C.mustnt shout D.mustnt have shouted 9.Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.A

35、.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving,10.I didnt take notes at the meeting because I had left my pen at home.You _mine.I _it.(2010年江苏卷)must have borrowed;wasnt using may have borrowed;hadnt usedC.should have borrowed;hadnt used D.could have borrowed;wasnt

36、 using,2、neednt have过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事,但实际上做了某事。【中考链接】11.Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.（2010年，天津9题）A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.couldnt,12.As you worked late yesterday,you _ have come this morning.(2006年陕西卷)A.maynt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt 注意 He didnt nee

37、d to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。,（3）must have过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用cantcouldnt have 过去分词。【中考链接】13.Jack described his father,who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man（2010年，安徽32题）A.would be B.would have been C.must be D.must have been,14.I have lost

38、one of my gloves.I _ it somewhere.A.must drop B.must have dropped C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped 15.I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.mustnt D.neednt,（4）maymight have过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示”过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。【典题例证】16

39、.We have proved great adventurers,but we _ have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.neednt B.may not C.shouldnt D.mustnt,（五）cancould have过去分词表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”【典题例证】17.I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh,did you?You with Barbara A.coul

40、d have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed,18.There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been,注意：在含can/must/may/might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动

41、词形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。例如：He must have been living here for years,hasnt he?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？You cant have slept well last night,did you?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？,【巩固练习】19.Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years,_ they?A.mustnt B.havent C.cant D.didnt,答案简析：含有must表示推测判断的句子，其反意疑问句的动词

42、形式应与must后动词时态保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year.变成反意疑问句后应该说成：Great changes have take place in the past few years,havent they?,20.He must have lived a happy a few years ago,_ he?A.didnt B.hasnt C.mustnt D.cant,答案简析：本句中must后的动词形式应为did，所以，反意疑问句

43、的动词应为didnt。故答案选A。,【中考链接】21.I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean，someone _ it.(2011 江苏)A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen,第二部分 虚拟语气,一、虚拟语气概述虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。

44、虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。二、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,虚拟条件句谓语动词构成形式：,注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might等代替should,would。（一）表示与现在事实相反：lf l were you，l should study English If he had time，he would attend the meeting,（二）表示与过去事实相反：If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情

45、况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成时”，即：would/could/should/might have done.例如：If they had finished the work on time,they would have been praised by the manager.,【中考链接】1.Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help（2011 北京）A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was stud

46、ying2.I _through that bitter period without your generous help.(2011 陕西)A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go C.hadnt gone,【中考链接】3.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear.I _ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.(2011 福建)A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended,

47、If you had worked hard,you could have passed the examination.,【典题例证】4.If it _ for the snow,we _ the mountain yesterday.A.were not;could have climbed B.were not;could C.had not been;could have climbed D.had not been;could climb,答案简析：根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词现在完成时”。,6.Yesterday

48、Jane walked away for discussion,otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said,答案简析：本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况。,（三）表示与将来事实相反：If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.if it were toshould rain tomorrow，the meeting w

49、ould be put off（四）当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：If you had followed the doctors advice，you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。),【典题例证】1Were it not for the snowy weather,we _all right.A.would be B.would have been C.were D.may be2._ more careful,his ship would not have s

50、unk.A.If the captain were B.Had the captain been C.Should the captain be D.If the captain would have been,3.If he _me tomorrow,I would let him know.A.should call B.should not have been ableto call C.were not able to call D.are not ableto call,4.If you asked your father,you _permission.A.may get B.mi