审题及议论文案例.ppt

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1、大学英语文章写作的固定结构,大学英语考察的重点,把握大学英语写作的“四度”与“四步”四度 四步切题度 读题与审题内容表达清晰度 构思与布局文字通顺连贯度 草拟题纲语法正确度 写作,大学英语写作考察的重点,切题度 读题与审题 构思与布局 内容表达清晰度 草拟题纲文字通顺连贯度度 写作 语法正确度,四级考试作文评分标准,从评分标准中得到的几点启示：考生以教学大纲规定的四级要求为出发点，必须有针对性复习。以思想感情表达为主，从整体上谋篇，重视结构，内容充实，然后考虑遣词造句内容与语言相辅相承，为中心思想服务,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文段首句作文关键语作文情景式作文图表式作文,2008年四级作文范文

2、欣赏,These days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public.Indeed,it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life.Taking a look around you,you can find examples too numerous to list:When you

3、 walk on the street,you can see plastic bags flying over your head;When you ramble along the river,you can find plastic bottles floating on the water;When you stroll in the park with your lover,you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere.Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the

4、 quickening pace of modern life.They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses,as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products.Also playing a part is the improvement of peoples life.As a result of the policy of opening and reform,an increasing number of people are much richer than

5、 before and can afford disposal products.（原因）Admittedly,they might benefit us in a short term.Unfortunately,they will do us harm in more than one way.The major harm is(that)they are sure to pollute the environment.To make matters worse,they are likely to have potential harm to public health.To illus

6、trate this point,I can think of no better example than HP,the river through S.As a result of disposal products in it,the water has caused some diseases in the local people.（影响）To sum up,for the factors mentioned before,we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposable products is

7、bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects.In view of the present situation,it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment.Only in this way,can we have a bright future.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.When we went shopping at

8、supermarkets and departments stores,shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience.For a while,life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However,disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.Costumers usually threw them away after use,and beca

9、use they are thin and hard to decompose,these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays,the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags:they are not free any more.In some shopping places,in o

10、rder to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection,plastic bags are offered in a much higher price.As a result,people are changing their behavior:paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage,everyone in this soci

11、ety contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,In our daily life,most people use disposable plastic bags for shopping and other purposes.However,the excessive use of disposable plastic bags has resulted in a great damage to our environment.The problems brought by di

12、sposable plastic bags are various,ranging from environment to peoples health.In the first place,it takes years for the plastic products to decompose and be absorbed by the soil.Secondly,the use of disposable plastic bags will indirectly do harm to peoples health.Sometimes people buy hot food packed

13、into disposable plastic bags for saving time to wash their dining utensils.Yet they are not informed of the chemical material the bags release in high temperature.Therefore,they are also eating the poisonous stuff while enjoying the tasty food.Its enlightening and significant that our government has

14、 banned the use of disposable plastic bags officially,and people will be charged for the use of such bags.This action is reducing the consumption of bags to a great extent.It is a great measure for the sustainable development of our earth.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a

15、 sea of disposable plastic bags.And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into peoples focus.First of all,the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment.As these bags are not biodegradable,they are blocking the drainage system and ca

16、using water pollution.Whats more,customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience.But what they dont quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health.And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In

17、 view of the severity of this issue,effective measures have been taken in our country.There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets,which not only enhances peoples awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets

18、.,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文在四级考试中占主导地位多数给出三步提纲三段式谋篇方式提纲中蕴含文章主旨,近年来四级基本题型,提纲式作文特点:1.无论是应用文还是议论文,要求讲出有立意的观点和思想 2.要求语言逻辑上的严谨和思维的流畅 3.语法上的无懈可击.语汇上的灵巧准确,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文写作要领：审题时仔细研究作文题目和提纲确定各级主题，明确主题句确定时态和人称，确定整体构思拓展各段主题句，运用相关连接词检查与修改,四级作文写作方法-议论文,议论文写作分为三个步骤提出问题 分析问题 解决问题引出话题 论述问题 得出结论注:第二段论述是重点即表明观点加以论述,四级作文写作方法-议论

19、文,综观历年四级作文,写作类型可分为四种1.现象分析型2.问题解决型3.对比选择型4.观点论证型,四级作文写作方法-议论文,1.现象分析型第一段:提出问题,描述现象第二段:分析问题,阐述原因第三段:解决问题,表明观点例:2006年12月议论文:关于新年晚会 1.许多人在除夕观看春节晚会 2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3.我的看法,四级作文写作方法-议论文,The Spring Festival Evening Get-Together has been held in China for over two decades,which seems to have been an indispen

20、sable company during the traditional New Years Eve for a great number of people,who appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast,while gathering with their beloved family.However,an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it,as more divers

21、e life styles have emerged nowadays.Some prefer to go to a fancy restaurant to enjoy a gourmet meal;some intend to go on a vacation to an incredibly exotic destination for a novel and thorough relaxation;others may have even more post-modern notions,like go bunging,hiking,or cycling for entirely new

22、 different experiences,forgetting all about the Spring Festival.To me,the Evening Get-Together is supposed to be here to stay.It may not remain a must for all people,but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities.Besides,with such

23、a gathering,family members will have a perfect opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness,for nowadays most people are so engaged in their daily businesses that they can rarely find any extra time to stay with their family,which,if not properly adjusted,might add further to the already worsening si

24、tuation of the values of Chinese families.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,2008年12月-议论文:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag 1、一次性塑料袋的使用 2、使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3、限制一次性塑料袋的使用,四级作文写作方法-议论文,In our daily life,most people use disposable plastic bags for shopping and other purposes.However,the excessive use of disposable pla

25、stic bags has resulted in a great damage to our environment.The problems brought by disposable plastic bags are various,ranging from environment to peoples health.In the first place,it takes years for the plastic products to decompose and be absorbed by the soil.Secondly,the use of disposable plasti

26、c bags will indirectly do harm to peoples health.Sometimes people buy hot food packed into disposable plastic bags for saving time to wash their dining utensils.Yet they are not informed of the chemical material the bags release in high temperature.Therefore,they are also eating the poisonous stuff

27、while enjoying the tasty food.Its enlightening and significant that our government has banned the use of disposable plastic bags officially,and people will be charged for the use of such bags.This action is reducing the consumption of bags to a great extent.It is a great measure for the sustainable

28、development of our earth.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型作文的格式:第一段:According to,we find clearly that nowadayswhich should been given concern,has already aroused our attention,which makes us amazed/impresses us/inspires us is that.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型举例(模拟题作文1)的第一段写作方法:Study Abroad目前很多中国学生出国留学留学热的原因我的观点,四级作文写作方法-议

29、论文,Study Abroad第一段:目前很多中国学生出国留学 1.According to newly-made survey,more and students in universities and colleges are planning to go abroad for study.2.We find clear that nowadays students in universities and colleges who aim at going abroad for study are increasing greatly.3.To our surprise,students

30、in universities and colleges who plan to go abroad for study are increasing greatly.4.What makes us amazed is that many,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型第二段写法你可以写这样的句子开头:原因1:First of all/firstly/to begin with/in the first place.原因2:whats more/secondly/moreover/原因3:In addition to/besides原因4:therefore/as a result/Co

31、nsequently.总结最终导致的结果.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,Study Abroad第二段:留学热的原因 The trend is attributed to advantages of studying overseas.In the first place,students can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home.In the second place,they ar

32、e exposed to entirely new ideas and trends.Whats more,overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型第三段写法你可以写这样的句子开头:In my opinion,/as far as I am concerned/as to me/in my point of view,来概括自己的观点.Firstly/for one thing/On one hand,理由1 besides/

33、in addition to/for another/on the other hand,理由2To conclude/to sum up/in a word/in concusion,总结句,四级作文写作方法-议论文,Study Abroad第三段:我的观点Yet,we should avoid go abroad blindly.On one hand,it is expensive.On the one hand,it is probably painful because a completely new environment with different customs and h

34、abits may also be a barrier to overseas students,and you may find yourself in a strange world and may feel helpless.So we must be sure that we can get better education and experience overseas before making the final decision.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,欣赏评说:What makes us amazed is that the number of students who

35、enjoy going abroad for study is greatly increasing.They are mainly students from universities and colleges,and a small part from high schools.The trend is definitely based on students different purposed.First of all,they hold the idea that the experiences in foreign countries are valuable,which will

36、 help them be independent for their future.Second,they think there is a direct access to foreign countries advanced science and technology,which will enable them to enhance their knowledge.Possibly at last they expect go learn much about the a new culture.In my opinion,however,abrupt decision to go

37、abroad will do harm.On one hand,expenditure in foreign countries are on earth higher than in domestic.On the other hand,the extreme depression created by a new customs and habits will hurt you for the time being if you are not well prepared.The aimless option for learning fields will also be likely

38、to fail your previous dream.Therefore,it is wise of you to think over before you really put it into reality.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,作文赏析 At present,more and more people go to have a trip in our country in the Golden Week Holidays.At a result,the economy increases and people can enjoy their lives.But,everythin

39、g cant be perfect.The Golden Week Holidays also bring some problems.First of all,it bring more press to traffic which in the beautiful places.Whats more,because people are playing in the same time,the see more people rather than what they really want to look at.In addition,after a week of play,they

40、are too tired to put full of their heart in their jobs.As far as I am concerned,people should think twice about the time in the Golden Week Holidays.On the other hand,enjoying the time,for another,they can worked better after it.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,2.对比选择型模式 引言对比型 段落对比型 首段为引言 观点一的利 二段为对比 观点二的弊 三段为选择 三段为选择

41、,四级作文写作方法-议论文,对比选择型 引言选择型 2008年6月四级作文一.写作部分(9：00-9：30)Part Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益

42、，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。,Recreational Activities It is a striking fact that the issue of recreational activities has triggered a heated discussion.In the era of information and technology,increasing numbers of people are fond of taking part in various recreational activities(ranging from watching TV,pl

43、aying cards to surfing the Internet and so on).Yet,no one could fail to notice both the favorable and unfavorable influence that recreational activities bring to people.On the one hand,recreational activities are good to peoples health,both physically and mentally.For instance,sports and dancing can

44、 keep people fit,and surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of information and knowledge.On the other hand,recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted.Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously affect peoples normal lives,especially work and study.From

45、my perspective,we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities.Meanwhile,we might as well learn how to avoid some negative effects of recreational activities when making the most of them.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,对比选择型 段落选择型1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运2.有些人认为数字和运气无关3.说明你的看法,Different peopl

46、e hold different views about so-called lucky numbers.Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring good luck.For example,number“8”is widely used in telephone number and vehicle licenses and its expected to bring good fortune to its owner.Yet,other people dont think so.They insist

47、 that numbers have nothing to do with luck.Because they think numbers are designed logically for counting only.Furthermore,some numbers such as number“8”are pronounced similarly to making money in Chinese and therefore are misinterpreted as the token of luck or great fortune.They even laugh at those

48、 people who believe numbers can bring good luck.In my opinion,I am for the later.Firstly,numbers are only the simple tool,in counting which havent scientific relationship with good luck or bad luck.Secondly,some people favor so-called lucky numbers which may result from traditional customs and perso

49、nal expectation.Its unnecessary to laugh at them and we should respect their fortune and win good luck instead of expecting lucky numbers.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,对比分析型常用句式第一段:1.there has been a discussion recently about2.Nowadays there is a growing concern on3.With the development of society4.It is well known

50、 that5.It is certain/obvious/true/common that6.In addition/additionally7.Therefore how to solve this problem is worth our attention8.its great importance for us to solve this problem9.So its high time for us to solve this problem,四级作文写作方法-议论文,第二段:Firstly/to begin with/On the one hand/first of allSec