回延安(含课后习题).ppt

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1、回延安,贺敬之,学习目标,1、了解有关诗人的文学常识及“信天游”的特点；（重点）2、深入理解诗歌内容，理解诗歌的叙事线索和感情线索，学习比兴手法在诗歌中的运用；3、感受诗人热爱革命圣地延安，热爱革命事业和革命人民的思想感情，培养爱家爱国的思想感情。,作者简介,贺敬之，1924年生于山东省峄县。40年代开始诗歌创作，已出版放歌集、雷锋之歌、贺敬之诗选、回答今日的世界等诗集。1945年在集体创作著名歌剧白毛女中 担任执笔，此剧1951年荣获斯大林文学奖。80年代任中华人民共 和国文化部部长。,“信天游”简介,信天游，也叫“顺天游”，流行于陕北的一种民歌，两行一节，上下句押韵，一节一韵，诗行错落有致

2、，读来高亢悠远。有的一节表达一个简单独立的意思，有的几节构成一组，表达比较复杂的意思。信天游形式自由，常用来抒情、亦可叙事。注意运用比兴手法，贴切、自然，增强了诗的音乐性；联想丰富，感情深切。,背景链接,回延安是贺敬之1956年从北京重回阔别十年之久的延安，参加西北五省（区）青年造林大会后写的。在大会期间，作者受到延安人民的热烈欢迎，也看到延安的巨大变化，激起昂扬的诗情，萌生了创作冲动，写下了诗作回延安和散文重回母亲的怀抱回延安。,读准字音,心窝w 白羊肚d 手巾 羊羔go 糜mi子 一盏zhn 盏电灯 脑畔pn 枣zo园 米酒油馍m 宝塔t山 杨家岭lng,学习字词,盏zhn量词，用于灯。登

3、时dng sh 立刻。糜子mi z一种形状像小米，没有粘性的黍类谷物。油膜yu m油炸的黍米面饼。脑畔 no pn脑边。文中指窑洞的顶上。眼眶yn kung眼的四周。,有感情地朗读课文，并分别用一两句话概括这5个小节的主要内容。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

4、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

5、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（1）回延安抒写久别之情激动、喜悦（2）忆延安追忆战斗生活感激、怀念（3）话延安描绘热闹场景真挚、兴奋（4）看延安记录崭新面貌欣喜、豪迈（5）祝延安歌颂光辉历史 憧憬美好征程赞美、热爱,课文精讲,心口呀莫要这么厉害地跳，灰尘呀莫把我眼睛挡住了手抓黄土我不放，紧紧儿贴在心窝上。几回回梦里回延安，双手搂定宝塔山。千声万声呼唤你，母亲延安就在这里！,杜甫川唱来柳林铺笑，红旗

6、飘飘把手招。白羊肚手巾红腰带，亲人们迎过延河来。满心话登时说不出来，一头扑在亲人怀,回延安抒写久别重逢的激动和喜悦,几回回梦里回延安，双手搂定宝塔山。,宝塔山是革命圣地延安的重要标志和象征。登山凭眺，可纵观圣地全貌。“只有登上宝塔山，才算真正到了延安”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

7、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

8、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,千声万声呼唤你，母亲延安就在这里！,白羊肚手巾红腰带，亲人们迎过延河来。,作者离别延安已达10年之久，日日夜夜都想念她。现在回来看望她，正所谓“近乡情更切”，越是接近，心情越是激动。但作者却说“心口呀莫要这么厉害地跳”，反衬出非同一般的兴奋心情。一开头便淋漓尽致地表现了想尽快看到延安的心情。展示出作者心潮翻滚、思绪万千的内心世界。这是一种深沉

9、的爱和眷恋的表现。这一小节新颖地写出作者临近延安时难以抑制的激动心情.,体会作者在这一节中是如何通过一系列动词表现情感的？,一“抓”一“贴”逼真的动作，表现了诗人见到延安时的激动情景。而“双手搂定宝塔山”中的一个“搂”字，则写尽了作者对延安的怀念之情。“唱”“笑”“招”更有拟人的色彩，渲染了欢乐的气氛。最后一个“扑”字，则更加洗练，表情达意更加强烈、准确。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

10、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

11、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二十里铺送过柳林铺迎，分别十年又回家中。树梢树枝树根根，亲山亲水有亲人。羊羔羔吃奶眼望着妈,小米饭养活我长大。,比兴手法,比以彼物比此物也；“兴”者，起也，取譬引类，起发己心；兴先从别的事物引起所咏之物，以为寄托。委婉含蓄，寓意深远，文已尽

12、而意有余。,比兴手法,东山的糜子西山的谷，肩膀上的红旗手中的书。手把手儿教会了我，母亲打发我们过黄河。革命的道路千万里，天南海北想着你,火热的战斗和学习的生活,党的培育之恩,对母亲延安的怀念和感激,忆延安追忆当年延安的战斗生活,米酒油馍木炭火，团团围定炕上坐。满窑里围得不透风，脑畔上还响着脚步声。老爷爷进门气喘得紧：“我梦见鸡毛信来可真见亲人”亲人见了亲人面，欢喜的眼泪眼眶里转。保卫延安你们费了心，白头发添了几根根。,选择有陕北地方特色的事物，渲染气氛。,亲人欢聚的热烈场面,团支书又领进社主任，当年的放羊娃如今长成人。白生生的窗纸红窗花，娃娃们争抢来把手拉。一口口的米酒千万句话,长江大河起浪花

13、。十年来革命大发展，说不尽这三千六百天,欢聚一堂，共叙新旧岁月。,比喻、夸张,滔滔不绝、唾沫横飞的热烈。,话延安描绘见到亲人的热烈场景,白生生的窗纸红窗花，娃娃们争抢来把手拉。,（渲染）,千万条腿来千万只眼，也不够我走来也不够我看！头顶着蓝天大明镜，延安城照在我心中：,夸张，表明变化之大，看也看不过来,承上两句，从镜中看延安，一览无遗,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

14、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

15、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一条条街道宽又平，一座座楼房披彩虹；一盏盏电灯亮又明，一排排绿树迎春风对照过去我认不出了你，母亲延安换新衣。,排比，十分有气势，描绘出延安10年来的变化,拟人，形象鲜明可爱,延安旧貌换新颜,看延安描画延安城的崭新面貌,杨家岭的红旗啊高高地飘，革命万里起高潮！,从

16、延安向全国扩展的大好革命形势,杨家岭革命旧址,枣园的灯光照人心，延河滚滚喊“前进”！,回顾延安历史，延安人民前赴后继，似滚滚延河水不断向前,枣园毛泽东旧居,身长翅膀吧脚生云，再回延安看母亲！,夸张的手法，再次抒发了对延安母亲的眷念之情。,祝延安歌颂延安的光辉历史，展示继续革命的征程,1.诗人写作这首诗抒发思乡感情的线索是什么？,深入探究,全诗以诗人离别10年后重返延安的激动心情为线索。,2.概括诗人是如何在诗中抒发感情的？,在抒情方式上，既有直接倾吐，又有间接抒情，或用动词，或描写，使感情抒发既酣畅淋漓，又生动形象，具有很强的感染力。,作品中思想感情一步步升华。诗人踏上延安的土地、见到延安的亲

17、人，从“手抓黄土我不放，紧紧儿贴在心窝上”“一头扑在亲人怀”等诗句看出，诗人产生的是激动、喜悦的感情；诗人回忆延安对自己的养育，描写和延安亲人欢聚畅谈的情景及看到延安的新面貌之后，爱延安、爱革命、爱人民的感情达到了高潮；当诗人又要离别延安时，从结尾两句诗可以领会到诗人难舍难分的惜别之情上升到了巅峰。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

18、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

19、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,回延安,热爱之情,结构梳理,回延安抒写久别重逢的激动和喜悦忆延安追忆当年延安的战斗生活话延安描绘见到亲人的热烈场景看延安描画延安城的崭新面貌祝延安歌颂延安的光辉历史，展示继续革命的征程,写作借鉴,1.着眼于抒情。,诗人始终抓住自己对延安的亲情来写，反复咏叹。如“母亲延安就在这里”“母亲打发我们过黄

20、河”“母亲延安换新衣”“再回延安看母亲”，一声声反复呼唤，构成了诗歌的主旋律，作品按照“回延安忆延安话延安看延安祝延安”的顺序层层递进，传达出作者的思想感情。,2.借用陕北民歌的形式，具有地方特色。,全诗运用了陕北信天游爬山调的格式，两行一节，一节一韵，诗行错落有致，读起来悠扬高亢。文中大量运用了比兴手法，揭示了事理。如“树梢树枝树根根，亲山亲水有亲人”，前后两句道出的都是浑然一体的有着密切联系的事物，深层次地揭示了事理。,课后习题参考答案,一、诗人阔别延安十年，当他重新“扑”进“母亲延安”的怀抱时，那激动喜悦的心情是一般人难以体会的。朗读这首诗，概括每部分的主要内容，说说诗人是按照怎样的线索

21、来抒发自己的情感的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

22、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

23、元成才路,状元成才路,参考答案：诗人在离别延安十年后再回延安的情景。回忆在延安时期的生活。与亲人欢聚一堂，亲切话旧的场面。喜看延安城市新面貌。回顾延安的光荣历史，展望延安的锦绣前程。按照“回延安忆延安话延安看延安祝延安”的线索来抒发自己的情感的。,二、诗人除了直接抒情，还通过人物的动作、语言和场景描写等来间接抒发情感。试着找出相关诗句，细心揣摩其中蕴含的诗人的情感。,参考答案：1.通过动作描写抒发情感：“手抓黄土我不放，紧紧儿贴在心窝上”中一“抓”一“贴”这两个动作，生动地表现了诗人见到延安时的激动心情以及热爱延安的强烈感情。,2.通过语言描写抒发情感：“保卫延安你们费了心，白头发添了几根根”

24、一句中通过语言描写说明延安父老为保卫延安立下了功劳，诗人发自内心地向他们慰问、敬礼。3.通过场景描写抒发情感：“满窑里围得不透风，脑畔上还响着脚步声”写亲人相见的场面，表达了回延安与亲人团聚的喜悦之情。,三、这首诗具有浓郁的地方特色，试根据下面的提示深入体会，完成练习。1.全诗采用陕北民歌“信天游”的形式，两行一节，节内押韵，形式活泼，节奏自由。试选两三个诗节做简要分析。2.诗中使用了不少具有地方特色的词语，描摹了当地的生活细节和场景。试找出几处，感受陕北的地域风俗。,参考答案：1.文中第六诗节和第七诗节中“白羊肚手巾红腰带，亲人们迎过延河来”“满心话登时说不出来，一头扑在亲人怀”，“带”“来

25、”“怀”字字押韵，诗行错落有致，读起来高亢悠远，充满了韵律美。,2.“几回回梦里回延安”中“几回回”是陕西方言，表示一回又一回，数量多。下文“一口口”“几辈辈”等，都有“一又一”的意思。“白生生的窗纸红窗花”中的“白生生”是陕西方言，表示很白。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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27、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四、品味下列诗句，说说修辞手法的使用所产生的表达效果。1.千声万声呼唤你，母亲延安就在这里！2.杜甫川唱来柳林铺笑，红旗飘飘把手招。3.千万条腿来千万只眼，也不够我走来也不够我看！4.对照过去我认不出了你，母亲延安换新衣。,参考答案：1.“千声万声呼唤你，母亲延安就在这里”运用夸张和比喻的修辞手法，形象生动揭示了“我”和“延安”的关系。,2.“杜甫川唱来柳林铺笑，红旗飘飘把手招”运用了拟人的修辞手法，生动形象地写出了诗人重回故地的无限欣喜之情，好像延安一切都有了生命，都在欢迎自己回家。,3.“千万条腿来千万只眼，也不够我走来也不够我看”运用夸张的修辞手法，表现了延安的巨大的喜人的变化。,4.“对照过去我认不出了你，母亲延安换新衣”运用比喻、拟人的修辞手法，抒发了作者对延安的浓厚感情和对延安旧貌换新颜的由衷歌颂。,课后作业,积累一两个优美的信天游歌词。,