七年级上学期英语知识点复习.doc
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1、Communication is the concentration of management.勤学乐观天天向上(页眉可删)七年级上学期英语知识点复习 七年级上学期英语知识点复习11. 名词表示人或事物的名称,如 boy, clock, book, tree。总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如: Jim, China专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, New York名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如:an apple, two apples, a car
2、, some cars不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词a/an修饰,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表:注:少数名词的复数是不规则的,如: manmen womanwomen childchildren表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加 s ,如: an Americanthree Americans有的单、复数形式相同,如: a Chinesefour Chinese a sheepthree sheep a deerfive deer2. 冠词冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并
3、帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式:a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念,the在元音音素前读,在辅音音素前读 ,如:the moon, the evening。eg. -Do you have an English book?-Yes, but the English book is broken. There is a chicken i
4、n the picture. We cant see the sun at night. The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. Shanghai is in the east of China.3. 形容词用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如: Its a sunny day today. Lets go to the park.This book is good.Its very nice of you to help us.常见形容词的同义词与近义词:largebig 大的gladhappy/plea
5、sed 高兴的cleverbright 聪明的illsick 病的finewell 好的常见形容词的反义词和对应词:bad(坏的)good(好的)big(大的)small(小的)busy(忙的) free(空闲的)dry(干的)wet(湿的)same(相同的)different(不同的)empty(空的)full(满的)cold(寒冷的)hot(热的)open(开着的)closed(关闭的)poor(穷的)rich(富的)4. 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中作状语或表语。eg. Now he is back in New York again.现在他又回到了纽约。Mike i
6、s a good student. He often does his homework carefully.副词一般分为七大类:时间副词: now, often, then, early, ago, before地点副词: here, there, out, above, up, down方式副词: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly程度副词: very, much, still, almost, too, so疑问副词: how, when, why, where关系副词: when, where, why连接副词: now, where, whyoften 等
7、表示“频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中间,又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always(总是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。“中置”规律:放在单个的 be 动词之后;放在单个实义动词之前;谓语动词为多个词时,放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如: You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。I usually go to school by bike.I never see that book.He often helps other students.He goes to work on foo
8、t sometimes.5. 比较等级在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词有原级、比较级和级三种形式。规则形容词和副词的比较级和级加 -er或-est。(1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下:betterbestwors worst(许多)many/muchmoremost(几乎没有)littlelessleast(远的)farfartherfarthest(老的,旧的)old(2)三种句型 原级句型:as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和一样”;否定句式:not as/so +形容词/副词+as,表示“和不一样”。eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann.If y
9、ou like the chicken, you may have as much as you can.I dont like the film. Its not so interesting as that one. 比较级句型:a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较一些”。eg. This city is more beautiful than that one.It is hotter today than yesterday.He is a much nicer worker.b. 比较级+and+比较级,more and more+原级,表示“越来越”,说明本身程度的改
10、变。eg. The worlds population is growing faster and faster.世界人口增长得越来越快。more and more beautiful越来越漂亮c. the+比较级, the+比较级,表示“越就越”,说明随着前边条件的变化,后边的结果也发生变化。eg. The more she eats, the fatter shell be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。The more, the better. 越多越好。 级句型:主语+谓语+(the)形容词或副词的级+in/of注:级前一般要用the,如: He is the most careful stu
11、dent.但在副词级前the可以省去,如:He writes(the)most carefully in his class.This kind of cake is the most delicious.I like English best.Mike is the youngest in his class.He runs fastest.七年级上学期英语知识点复习2主要掌握几种时态1,一般现在时2,一般过去时3,一般将来时4,现在进行时还有几种词1,名词2,代词3,形容词4,动词5,冠词初一英语语法一、词法1、名词A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有
12、复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas二)x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如
13、:day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,
14、pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的
15、种类,paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人 peoples民族,time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens小鸡十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如:Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-m
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