名词性从句讲与练.ppt

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1、名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。,名词性从句,一、怎样确定引导词？,句1意为：好消息是冠军赛将在国家体育馆鸟巢举行。答案为C。句2意为：不知你是否读过悲剧李尔王。答案为C。句3意为：明天就是布鲁斯的生日了。你知道生日聚会在哪里举行 吗？答案为D。,由此，我们可以得出什么结论？,名词性从句的引导词是根据从句的意思来选择的。如果名词性从句的意思不完整，就用wh-word引导(如句2和句3)。如果名词性从句的意思已经完整，就用that引导(如句1)。,The good news is _ the Race of Championships(ROC)will be held

2、in the Birds Nest,the National Stadium.A.what B.which C.that D.how2.Im wondering _ you ever read the tragedy King Lear.A.that B.what C.if D.how3.Tomorrow is Bruces birthday.Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,二、用that还是用what？,句1：介词about后的宾语从句中do和think缺宾语，所以用what

3、。句2：根据句意“有人告诉我温总理在北京儿童医院看望了甲流病人和医护人员”可以判定is前是主语从句，从句中涉及sb.be told sth.结构，所以从句中缺宾语，要用what；is后是表语从句，从句的意思已经完整，所以用that。答案1.A，2.C。,what和that的区别在于：what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而that在名词性从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，没有实意。换句话说，如果名词性从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，要用what；如果从句中不缺成分，意思已经完整，就用that。,Im his good friend,and I can make guesses about _ he

4、will do or think.A.whatB.which C.whomD.that2._ I have been told is _ Premier Wen visited A/H1N1 patients and medical staff at the Beijing Childrens Hospital in Beijing A.That;that B.That;what C.What;that D.What;what,三、何时不能省略that？,我们先来判定下列句中的that是否能省略。1.That Zhang Yining married a millionaire is know

5、n to us all.2.The reason why I come here is that I want to see you.3.Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?,答案：都不能省略。,原因如下：(1)主语从句置于句首时，其引导词that不能省略。(2)that引导表语从句时，不能省略。(3)that引导同位语从句时，不能省略。另外，当及物动词后跟一个that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略；跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第二个以及后面的that不能省略。,四、用whethe

6、r还是用if？,请用whether和if填写下面四个句子：1.It depends on _ you can do the work well.2._ he could live on depended on his desire for survival.3.It hasnt been decided _ well go to Qingdao Underwater World.4.I am wondering _ you could give me a hand.,表示“是否”时，介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导；置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用i

7、f引导；置于句末的主语从句，既可以用whether引导，也可以用if引导；及物动词后的宾语从句，既可以用whether引导，也可以用if引导。,所以，句1中介词on后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导；句2中置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导；句3中置于句末的主语从句既可以用whether引导，也可以用if引导；句4中及物动词wonder后面的宾语从句既可以用whether引导，也可以用if引导。,五、是同位语从句还是定语从句？,请判定下面两个句子中分别含有什么从句。1.We were all happy to hear the news that h

8、e told us.2.We were all happy to hear the news that the 11th National Games came to a successful close on Wednesday.,答案：句1中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰the news。句2中含有 that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the news。,同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明（如句2）；定语从句是后 置定语，是对前面名词的修饰和限定（如句1）。that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有实意，不充当任何 句子成分，不能省略(如句2)；that引导

9、定语从句时，替代先行词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略（如句1）。,六、用陈述句语序还是疑问句语序？,名词性从句用陈述句语序，还是用疑问句语序呢？先做下面两道题。1.Where _ go for a picnic this weekend?Where _ go for a picnic this weekend has not been decided.A.shall we;shall we B.shall we;we shall C.we shall;shall we D.we shall;we shall2.Where do you suppose _ the lecture

10、to us?A.will the professor give B.the professor will give C.would the professor give D.that the professor will give,答案：1.B 2.B。,特殊疑问词的构成是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。名词性从句都用陈述句语序。特殊疑问句中含有do you think/believe/expect/suppose等插入语时，这些插入语后面的句子要用陈述句语序。,所以，句1中：空一所在句为特殊疑问句，要用疑问句语序shall we；空二所在句为主语从句，要用陈述句语序we shall。句2中：空格前

11、面有do you suppose插入语，所以空格处要用陈述句语序the professor will give。,七、怎样对待从句中的插入语？,名词性从句中的插入语是用来增加干扰性，增加题目难度的。做题时只要把插入语看出来，将其去掉不看，问题就明朗化容易解决了。Dont you know,my dear friend,_ it is what you have rather than you that she loves?A.what B.which C.that D.as 2.He told me the news,believe it or not,_ Noriko Sakai admit

12、ted taking drugs.A.what B.that C.which D.whether,分析：句1：my dear friend是插入语，将其去掉后，不难看出know后面是一个宾语从句。由于从句的结构和意思都已完整，所以用that。答案为C。句意为：亲爱的朋友，难道你不知道她爱的是你拥有的东西，而不是你吗？句2：believe it nor not是插入语，将其去掉后，不难看出news后面是一个同位语从句。由于从句的结构和意思都已完整，所以用that。答案为B。句意为：信不信由你，他告诉我酒井法子承认自己吸毒了。,八、如何应对从句中的复杂结构？,He was so annoyed a

13、nd spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A.what B.that C.what that D.what what,要想做对这类题，必须把看似复杂的总体结构拆解成简单明了的小结构、小分支。本句中，understood后面是宾语从句。从句中what he said“他说的话”是一部分，在从句中作主语。如果把what he said视为it，那么后面就变成_ it meant，显然宾语从句中缺宾语（meant缺宾语），空格处要用what。也就是说，第一个what引导宾语从句，同时作meant的宾语，第二个what引导宾

14、语从句中的主语从句，同时作said的宾语。简单地说，said和meant都缺宾语，所以都用what。答案为D。,巩固练习：1.I heard the good news the other day _ the Winter Olympic flame arrived in the host country Canada on Friday.A.what B.when C.that D.if,C。句意为：前几天，我听说冬奥会的火炬于周五到达主办国加拿大。所以空格所在的同位语从句意思已经完整，用that引导。,2.We all wonder,perhaps except you,_ the wif

15、e of the professor killed by a student said she didnt hate the murderer.A.what B.that C.why D.whether,2.C。根据句意“我们都不知道，可能除了你，为什么教授被学生杀死后，教授的妻子却说她不恨这个凶手”可知用why引导wonder的宾语从句。从句与动词之间被perhaps except you隔开。,3._ made me burst into laughter was _ he had meant to take me in but was taken in.A.What;what B.Wha

16、t;that C.That;what D.That;that,3.B 空格处的was前是主语从句，从句中缺主语，要用what；was后是表语从句，从句的结构和意思都已完整，所以用that。句意为：让我大笑的是，他本想骗我但却被骗了。,4.As I looked at the memorial,I thought about _ terrible life was for the Jews then and _ they were to fight the Nazis.A.how;how B.what a;how C.what;how D.how;what,4.A about后面跟了两个宾语从句

17、。先用代入法确定空一。把how代入空一，即为how terrible life was，结构完整；把what a代入空一，即为what a terrible life was，was前缺主语，结构不完整。所以空一要用how。空二所在句缺状语，要用how，不能用what。,5.A new problem occurred when the project was carried out _ the water could be supplied to the top of the building,300 meters high in the sky.A.that B.how C.what D.

18、where,5.B 句意为：在工程进行的时候，出现了一个新的问题，那就是怎样才能把水供到大楼顶层，距地面300米的地方。此题考查分割式同位语从句。如果选A，就表示能把水供到大楼顶层，换句话说，就是把水供到大楼顶层不是问题，而这与前面的“新问题”a new problem矛盾。,6._ well go climbing Mount Tai tomorrow depends on the weather.A.Whether B.If C.Why D.That,7.Agassi says I cant speak to addiction,but a lot of people would say

19、_ youre using anything as an escape,you have a problem.A.if that B.what C.that D.that if,8.As for the Yangshuo balloon explosion accident,_ happened then remains unclear.A.that B.which C.what D.where,6.A 句意：我们明天是否去爬泰山取决于天气；表示“是否”时，置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。,7.D say后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中又有主句you have a problem和从句youre using anything as an escape。两者之间是条件关系，所以用if引导。答案为that if，that可以省略。句意为：阿加西说“我不能责备上瘾，但是很多人都会说如果你用什么东西来逃避，那你就有问题了。”,8.C remains前面是主语从句，从句中缺主语，所以用what。句意：关于阳朔气球爆炸事故，现在还不清楚当时发生了什么。,