句子成分及五种基本句型公开课经典版.ppt

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1、句 子 成 分及句型Members and Structures of a Sentence,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,Members of a sentence,主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object表语 predicative宾补 complement定语 attribute状语 adverbial同位语 appositive,句子的主干成分：,句子的次要成分：,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,1.主 语,Gina

2、is from Australia.She often goes to the movies.Three is enough.Doing the work is hard for him.To see is to believe.,-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式,主语在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.,句首,The students got on the school bus.2.Hi

3、s job is to train swimmers.3.We often speak English in class.4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,挑出下列句中的主语,表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。,主谓要一致,2.谓 语,We love China.,He has a bad cold.,Jane loves China.,We have

4、finished reading this book.,谓语在哪里,They can speak English well.,助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语,He looked after two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,主语的后面,A.简单谓语：,He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.,B.复合谓语,由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。,由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。,1.You may keep t

5、he book for two weeks.,2.He didnt attend the meeting yesterday.,We are students.Your idea sounds great.,情态动词：can may will could should,助动词：be+doinghave/has donedo,does,did,dont,didnt,由一个动词或动词短语构成。,1.You may keep the book for two weeks.,2.My sister is crying over there.,3.I have been waiting for you

6、all the time.,4.I would stay at home all day.,5.Has he come back?,6.He managed to finish the work in time,挑出下列句中谓语,表示动作或行为的对象说明主语“做什么”,3.宾 语,He is looking at the dog.,My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D,宾语在哪里,I bought a computer last week.A B C D,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后,宾 语,Tom teaches us English.,双宾语

7、,He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.,及物动词和不及物动词,I saw him last week.They eat bread every day.She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.,不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:,如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:,挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother ha

8、snt done his homewrk.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后,4.表 语,Her mother is a teacher.,The food tastes delicious.,常见的系动词有:状态

9、系动词 感官系动词 变化系动词 持续系动词,表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be,主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等,表示主语变化，become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等,系动词,状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。,持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。,感官系动词 主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,变化系动词

10、 表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。,I am hungry.,He always kept silent at meeting.,He became mad after that.,找出表语,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,修饰名词或代词,定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用,5.定 语,Shes a good basketball player.,Whats your name?,The girl with long hair is my sister.,找出

11、定语,Some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B CD,The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D,挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。,6.状 语,The students follo

12、wed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.,He sat there quietly.,This material is environmentally friendly.He runs very slowly.Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.,（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）,（修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词，作状语）,（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）,He writes carefully.He walks slowly.,修饰动词用副词，作状语),找出状语,He began writing when

13、 he was eleven.A B CD,There was a big smile on her face.A B C D,指出下列画线部分属于什么状语,1.How about meeting again at six?2.Mr.Smith lives on the third floor.3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,方式状语,5.She came in w

14、ith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.8.The boy needs a pen very much.,伴随状语,目的状语,目的状语,程度状语,9.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.10.She works very hard though she is old

15、.11.I am taller than he is.,结果状语,让步状语,比较状语,用来补充说明宾语的情况,7.宾语补足语,We elected him our monitor.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A B CD,They call me Lily sometimes.A B CD,找出宾补,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He a

16、sked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.,同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以解释和说明，近乎于后置定语。,8.同位语,We students should study hard.,(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）,Its good to us students.,画出下列句中的同位语,1.The young man,my bro

17、ther,works in the office.2.Our English teacher,Mrs.Wang,often helps us with study.3.They,some railway workers,are busy repairing the train.,1.They work hard.主+谓(状）2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.M

18、any animals live in trees.主+谓（状）,7.We must keep our classroom clean.主+谓+宾+宾补8.After work he always feels a little tired.（状）主+（状）系+（定）表9.They laughed at us after the match.主+谓 宾（状）10.She told me a story.主 谓间宾直宾,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I sh

19、all answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9.His wish is to become a scientist.10.Do you have anything

20、 else to say?,He likes eggs.,He doesnt like chickens.,He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.,He said that he likes eggs.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列连词,从属连词,简单句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),What kinds of English sentences do you know?,2.句子的分类,3.简单句基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一:+（主谓）

21、基本句型二:+（主系表）基本句型三:+（主谓宾）基本句型四:+O1+2（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一+（主谓）,此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思。主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语The red sun rises in the east.,基本句型 二+（主系表）,此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）,此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,基本句型 四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）,此句型中

22、的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或forHe bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.,用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell

23、,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。,基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）,此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。,注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。,即 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,常用于此句型的动词有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make,使用i

24、t当形式宾语翻译下面的句子1.他感到很难跟你交谈。2.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。3.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。4.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。,1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.4.I thought it no use talking

25、with that man,You are sitting on the train home.There comes the bus!The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study well.,主+谓（S+V）,主+谓（S+V）,主+系+表（S+V+P）,主+谓+宾（SVO

26、）,主+谓+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,主+谓+宾+补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises:,Exercises:,翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：,1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信。4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作业。,1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信。,1.I often read English in the morning.,主+谓+宾,2.Mary is a clever student.,主+系+表,3.My teacher gave me a letter.,主+谓+双宾,4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。,4.My mother often asks me to study hard.,主+谓+宾+宾补,5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.,主+谓+宾+宾补,6.He is doing his homework in the room.,主+谓+宾,