作文命题剖析一现象解释型.ppt

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1、CET-4 Writing ClassSaturday,September 19,2009,CET-4 Writing Class,三大写作高分要素,1.结构清晰,1）文章框架要合理 一般来说，四级作文都是由三个段落组成，偶尔也可以是两段或四段，其结构和内容需根据文章主题和提纲中给出的段落提示来确定，不能随意安排。,2）文章结构要完整 一般来说，开头段交代全文主题；中间段围绕主题进行论述；结尾段与开头段相呼应，或总结、或提出建议、或提供解决方法，这三部分缺一不可。,3）文章主题不偏离 全篇各个段落都要为一个中心思想服务，而且每个段落都要围绕一个主题句来展开，通常是一个主题句再加上一或两句扩展句

2、构成。若有游离于中心思想之外的段落或句子则会使文章显得零散杂乱。,背景介绍,背景介绍是一种最常用的开头方式，几乎适用于所有类型文章的写作。一般文章在进入正题之前也最好有个铺垫，而背景介绍法正好满足了这个要求。背景介绍的开头=背景概述+背景详述一般要先用一个高度概括的句子概要介绍某种现象或问题，然后用简洁的几句话对该现象或问题进行稍微具体的描述。,Waste on Campus,Nowadays,waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus.Food is thrown away simply because it doesnt taste goo

3、d.Newspapers and magazines are discarded,because they have been read.What is worse,students seem to be quite accustomed to such waste and dont have a feeling of guilt.But waste can do much harm.,请分别找出背景概述句，背景详述句,On Disposal products（关于“一次性用品”的利弊）,Disposal products are gaining increasing popularity i

4、n China.Now they practically become part of our life:We have disposal chopsticks,disposal clothes,disposal camerasIndeed we are in a throwaway society.,请分别找出背景概述句,背景详述句,常用词,万能词：common;popular(popularity n.)负面现象：Serious(seriousness);prevalent;,建 议,背景概述中往往加上一两句表示强调的句式。e.g.Nowadays,its widely known to

5、us raising pets such as dogs and rabbits is becoming increasing popular in big cities.,As is known to all;its widely known;its generally believed that;its commonly held that;its widely accepted that,背景介绍常用句型With the development of modern society（随着现代社会的发展）/advance of science and technology/improveme

6、nt of peoples living standardRecently the phenomenon ofhas aroused considerable/great concern.（近来 现象引起很大的关注。）Recently the issue of has been brought into focus.（近来问题成为人们关注的焦点。）These dayshad become a common occurrence in our daily life.(近年在日常生活中时有发生。)Its often reported that（据报道.）Nowadays its widely ac

7、cepted that has gained increasing popularity.(现在人们普遍认为 已经越来越流行了。)has become a hot topic among people.,According to the chart/graph/table,its clear that/it can been seen thatFrom the chart/,we learn that nowadaysAs is described in the chart,/As can be seen from the chart,The chart describes/reveals/s

8、hows that,说明原因/影响/因素段There may be several factors which contribute to/account for/explain/are responsible for(也可用分词结构)A large number of factors might contribute to/lead to/account for the issue/this situation.There are many reasons explaining 主题。The main reason is 理由一。What is more 理由二。As a result，讲述

9、导致的结果。This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First,Second,The importance/harmfulness/benefit of 主题to sb.can be found in the aspects as follow.In the first place,.,现象解释型,提出或描述现象解释这种现象形成的原因提出自己的观点（总结）(在解释原因时，切忌凌乱，一定要有调理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly,secondly,finally;for one thing,.for another,.),结构模式

10、,现象解释型（行文思路一）,Students use of computers,According to the chart,it is clear that the students use of computers has grown rapidly in recent years.The chart shows,from 1990 to 1995,the average hours that students spent on computers in every week were only doubled,while in 2000,the number grew to 20 hou

11、rs,which is five times as many as that of 1995.Many reasons contribute to this tremendous growth.First of all,the low price of the computer allows many students to have one in their dormitories.So the students can often use their computers to do the assignments,play games and chat with their friends

12、.Moreover,many net bars provide students convenient access to computers.In addition,Internet provides students an amazing world to explore.As a result,computers have an irresistible attraction to them.As far as I am concerned,there are still problems in students use of computers.For one thing,studen

13、ts dont have enough skills to command computers,which limits their full use of computers.For another,students who are short of self-disciplines may forget their main task of study.To conclude,effective measures should be taken for students to guarantee the reasonable use of computers.,范文 1,真题再现,2006

14、.6真题（现象解释型）Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Students Selecting Lecturers.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1)有些大学允许自由选择某些课程的任课教师2）学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3）学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题,On Studen

15、ts Selecting Lecturers（1）,Nowadays students in some universities are entitled to the optional choice on lecturers for some specific courses.This offers students a more flexible and more efficient way of learning.However,there are several factors for students to consider when choosing their ideal lec

16、turers.On the one hand,the lecturers academic background plays an important role in the decision.An ideal lecturer may give the students much knowledge in his specific field.On the other hand,the students should take the lecturers character into account.Without good character,a lecturer cant set a g

17、ood example for the students.Whats more,the ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style and a good reputation among the students.From my viewpoints,free choosing of lecturers may bring the students many advantages,such as encouraging students to take an active part in classes and put

18、ting more pressure on lecturers to improve their teaching quality.Nevertheless,it also brings along the terrible fact that some top lecturers will be ignored if they are not able to please the students.To conclude,further attention should be paid to this matter.,On Students Selecting Lecturers（2）,No

19、wadays,many universities entitle the students to choose freely the lectures for course,which has aroused common concern.What impresses us most is that this new policy is becoming more and more popular among students.There are many different factors deciding the students choosing lecturers for course

20、s.First of all,a teachers professional knowledge and ability which play a critical role in students will be taken into account.For example,New Oriental School has attracted lots of students to a large extent because of the teachers unique teaching methods.In addition,a teachers humor sense is benefi

21、cial to students in their study.As far as I am concerned,as everything has its pros and cons,the freedom of choosing lectures can not only benefit students but also bring some problems.On the one hand,students can enrich their knowledge and broaden their vision under the direction of some competent

22、lecturers.On the other hand,since it is a free choice,the excellent teachers will become the focus of most students choice,which will lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously.In a word,students should be prudent in deciding which lecturer to choose according to thei

23、r own need.,参考模版,(From the table,we clearly learn that _)_has been brought into focus./_,which has aroused great/common concern.Nowadays,_.In addition，_.There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon./The reasons for this phenomenon are varied./There are many different factors deciding _.Amon

24、g all these reasons/factors/effects,_ plays a critical role./First of all,_.Whats more/Moreover_.Besides,_.Therefore,_.As far as I am concerned,/As to me,_.Furthermore/Besides,_.In a word,_.,现象解释型作文模板,Topic:Recently,.描述现象，引起话题 What amazes us most is 表现较为典型的一个方面 It is true that.对于现象做出的评论There are man

25、y reasons explaining 承上启下,解释这 一现象的原因The main reason is 说明原因一What is more,原因二Thirdly,原因三As a result,.讲述导致的结果Considering all these,.作者的态度For one thing,.观点一11For another,.11观点二12In conclusion,.12总结全文,The popularity of Movies,Movies are becoming very popular,which has aroused great concern.Nowadays,crow

26、ds of people come in and out of cinemas every night in big cities,while many others watch movies by DVD players at home.In addition,the movies are welcomed by people of all ages.The reasons for this phenomenon are varied.Among all these reasons,cultural demand plays a critical role.Moreover,movies i

27、n English are an effective tool for people to learn English.Besides,watching movies have become one of the most efficient ways for people to release pressure.All these above reasons contribute to the popularity of films.As far as I am concerned,movies provide a wonderful world.For one thing,movies c

28、an broaden peoples horizons,from which we can learn much knowledge we cannot learn from books.For another,movies enable us to experience different lives,ancient and modern,at home and abroad.In a word,movies have become a very important part of many peoples life,and they will undoubtedly influence a

29、n increasing number of people.,What Electives to Choose,Nowadays,many universities are opening various electives for students to choose,which has aroused great concern.Optional courses provide a good chance for students to make better use of their spare time.In addition,they are a beneficial supplem

30、ent to the limited required courses.There are many different factors deciding what electives students choose.Among all these factors,the interests of the students play a very important role.The students,of courses,would like to learn what they are interested in.Moreover,many students will consider w

31、hether they could learn some practical skill by the electives,because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidates practical skills.Besides,the ability and the prestige of the teacher who teaches the elective will also influence one students choice.Therefore,it is no wonder that different

32、 students may choose different optional courses.As to me,I choose history as one of my electives because not only can it enrich my knowledge but also it is one of my favorite subjects since I was a child.Besides,by learning this course,I feel the happiness of combining study and recreation.In a word

33、,different electives have different topics.so we should choose the one suitable to us according to our needs.,Sample Supplement,Students Pursuit for Famous Brands,Nowadays many college students like to pursue famous brands.From clothes to mobile phones,even study articles like electronic dictionarie

34、s and pens,they are inclined to buy famous brands.Moreover,many students from poor families begin to follow this consumption trend as well.This phenomenon has aroused wide attention.The following reasons can account for college students preference for famous brands.Above all,in many college students

35、 eyes,a famous brand is a symbol of sophistication and taste.They expect others to admire their high class and good taste.Whats more,in modern society,famous brands to some extent are equal to fashion,which has a great attraction to young college students.Besides,parents spoiling their children help

36、s form their bad consumption habit.As far as I am concerned,it is irrational for college students to pursue famous brands.After all,most of famous brands are far beyond their consumption ability.Besides,it is not famous brands but a persons noble character that really makes him high class.Therefore,

37、college students should attach more importance to cultivating a good character rather than pursuing famous brands.,Certificates Craze on Campus,In recent years,to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students.Just randomly,ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing,quite

38、possibly,you may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind.Why does this craze appear?There are two mainly reasons behind this phenomenon.First,it is the employments pressure that forces college students to get more certificates.With the admission expansion of college

39、s,a large more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job markets.How can one make himself more competitive,more certificates at hands maybe.Second,the diplomas and certificates are still important standard by which many employers measure a persons ability in order to increase qualific

40、ation for a job,the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.From my point of view,we should be more rational when it comes to certificates,since certificates do not necessarily prove ones ability,being crazy in getting certificates blindly.It is nothing but wasting time.To conclud

41、e,we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.,Study and Work-study Program,Nowadays,more and more college students are taking part in work-study programs in their spare time.Many of them choose to be a tutor or doing a part-time job in school dining

42、room or library.Also some others do a part-time delivering man or promotion specialist or other jobs alike.There are mainly three different reasons for college students to take work-study program.First,to earn money is the main aim of many students,they want to relieve the burden on their family by

43、doing a part-time job.Second,some students take work-study programs as a channel by which know the society and improve their practical skills.Third,still other students doing part-time job just for fun or kill time.From my point of view,it goes without saying that college students can benefit a lot from work-study programs.However,those students who get part-time jobs should keep it in mind that study is prior to anything else.Besides,they should spend their income from part-time job reasonably.,