习语谚语歇后语的翻译.ppt

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1、汉译英中几个特殊的问题,第一章 文化词语的翻译,物质文化词语食物:馒头 steamed bread窝窝头 Wowotou 服饰:对襟衣:mandarin coats 或button-down jackets中山装:Maos suit/jacket,物品:加工食物用的筛子 boult筷子 chopsticks宣纸 rice paper砚台 inkstone毛笔 brush古代人身上背的褡裢A pouch worn at the girdle;Long rectangular bag worn round the waist or across the shoulder,精神文化词语宗教类:城隍庙

2、:town god门神:door god灶爷:The god of the hearth寿星:God of the longevity太岁:God of the year,(一)音译法豆腐 toufu 饺子jiaozi算盘 suanpan 老子Loats孔子(孔夫子)Confucius,2.音译加解释法中国传统乐器,二胡:The erhu fiddle古典诗词,词:the Ci Poetry戏曲里的角色,生:Sheng,the chief male古代的器皿,尊:Zun,wine vessel鬲:Li,hollow-legged tripod vessels,压岁钱:To present ch

3、ildren with newly printed cash as Yasuiqian,or gift money,is one ritual of Chinese in Celebrating Lunar New Year.(2006-1-31 Chinadaily)2008年奥运吉祥物福娃.Fuwa,the five mascots of the 2008 Beijing Olympic games.They are Beibei,Jingjing,Huanhuan,Yingying and Nini,which means“Beijing welcomes you”in Chinese.

4、,3.音译加注释这一夜没有月,未庄在黑暗里很寂静,寂静到像羲皇时候一般太平.Wei Village lay very quiet in the darkness,as quiet as it might have lain during the reign of Fu Xi.Legendary ruler of high antiquity under whose idyllic reign China prospered in peace and tranquility.,(直译法)1.直译加解释法 黄白之术The art of the“yellow and white”,or the tr

5、ansmutation of base metals into gold and silver.,尼姑待他们走后,定了神来检点,龙牌固然已经碎在地上了,而且又不见了观音娘娘座前的一个宣德炉.(阿Q正传)The nun,pulling herself tighter after they had gone,made an inspection.Naturally the imperial tablet had been smashed into fragments on the ground,and the valuable Hsuan Te censer before the shrine o

6、f Kuanyin,the goddess of mercy,had also disappeared.(杨宪益,戴乃迭译),2.直译加注释(1)从此空空道人因空见色,由色生情,传情入色,自色悟空As a consequence of all this,Vanitas,starting off in the Void(which is truth)came to the contemplation of Form(which is illusion);and from Form engerdered Passion;and by communication Passion,entered ag

7、ain into Form;and from Form awoke to the Void(which is truth),(2)孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,生死之地,存亡之道,不可不察也.Sun Tzu said:What is war?It may be described as one of the most important affairs to the state or life of both soldiers and people,and the way*that governs the survival or the ruins of the state.So we must d

8、eliberately examine and study it.,(三)意译法(1)他写了一封”黄伞格”的信,托假洋鬼子带上城,而且托他给自己绍介绍介,去进自由党.He had written an extremely formal letter,and asked the Imitation Foreign Devil to take it to town;he had also asked the latter to introduce him to the Liberty Party.,(2)人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮.If other women are jealous,shes

9、a hundred times so!,成语的翻译,(一)比喻丰富1.喻体,喻义相似趁热打铁To strike while the iron is hot如履薄冰To be on the thin ice破釜沉舟To burn ones boat,2.喻义相似,喻体不同骨瘦如柴As thin as a rail一贫如洗As poor as a church mouse血流如注To bleed like a pig,3.喻体多种,喻义相似左右为难Between the devil and the deep sea无所适从Between two fires,(二)形象生动1.汉语形象具体,英语形象

10、含蓄声色俱厉 to put on screws大言不惭 to turn geese into swan,2.汉语形象含蓄,英语形象具体一清二楚As clear as crystal格格不入A square peg in a round hole循规蹈矩As regular as a clock work,(三)对偶鲜明1.顺对(同义对)扬眉吐气 to hold ones head high哗众取宠to play to the gallery烟消云散 to turn to dust,2.逆对(反义对)声东击西To shoot at a pigeon and kill a crow有恃无恐To c

11、ount on ones own cards得不偿失The game is not worth the candle,Exercises,To fish for praiseCastles in the air To show the cloven hoofTo hang by a hair,沽名钓誉,空中楼阁,漏出马脚,千钧一发,A stitch in time saves nine.一针及时省九针.No mill,no meal.不磨面,不吃饭.Half a loaf is better than no bread.有半块面包总比没有好.If you run after two hares

12、,youll catch neither.同时追两兔,全都抓不住.,To carry coals to Newcastle多此一举A hundred to one,it will be a success.这绝对会成功.Out of the frying-pan into the fire每况愈下Hang on somebodys lips对某人言听计从,She is now between the devil and deep sea on this matter.她在这个问题上是进退维谷.Everyman has a fool in his sleeve.人人都有糊涂的时候.The mat

13、ter was finally settled under the table.事件终于私下解决了.This testimony puts quite a new face on the whole matter.这个证词使整个事情完全改观了.,Burn ones boat破釜沉舟A drop in the bucket沧海一粟She always throws her cares to the winds.她总是把忧愁抛到九霄云外.To make a mountain out of a molehillTurn over a new leaf洗心革面,Jump out of ones ski

14、n魂不附体To kick down the ladder过河拆桥After ones heart正中下怀To fish in air缘木求鱼He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.玩火者必自焚,二 汉语成语的英译(一)套译法1.我没想到他对别人的批评竟充耳不闻.I didnt expect him to turn a deaf ear to other peoples criticism.2.今既入了这园,再遇湘云,香菱,芳,蕊 一干女子,所谓”人以类聚,物以群分”,此语不错.Coming here now and meeting Hsian

15、g-yun,Hsiang-ling,Fang-kuan,Rui-kuan and the other girls,it was a genuine case“like attracts like”or“Birds of a feather flock together”.,(二)直译法1.她咯咯地笑着说:”这叫画饼充饥”.Now she chuckled an commented:”Thats called“drawing a cake to satisfy your hunger.2.司马昭之心,固已路人皆知.This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to every

16、man in the street.Sima zhao was a prime minister of Wei(220-265)who nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne.The emperor once remarked:”Sima Zhaos intention is obvious to every man in the street.,(三)意译法谭招弟碰不得吗?你是三头六臂,我也敢碰.Is Tan Chao-ti some sacred being that no one dares to offend?But I dare,ev

17、en if youre a demigod!,(四)直译加意译法他一个单身人,无亲无故But this girl Mai was all by herself and far from home,without a single relative or friend to help her.,谚语和歇后语的翻译,一、谚语的翻译省了棍棒宠坏了娃。Spare the rod and spoil the child.一天一苹果，医生远离我。An apple a day,keep the doctor away.,一、直译1“你难道没有听见人说：嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗，那里个个都像你大姐姐做娘娘呢。”“S

18、urely you know the saying,“Marry a cock and follow the cock;marry a dog and follow the dog?”How can every girl be like your eldest sister,chosen as an Imperical Consort?”,2我的好多时间都糊里糊涂地混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。”Very much of my time has been frittered away aimlessly.As the saying goes,“One who does not work

19、hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age.”,(二）意译1。他亦未始没有相当成就，但是仅仅十万人口的双桥镇何足以供回旋，比起目前这计划来，真是小巫见大巫了！There,his achievements had not been insignificant;but his scope had been limited by the small population barely a hundred thousand.His activities in Shuang chiao Town had been mere childs play compa

20、red with this present scheme.,2.但真所谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”罢，阿Q不幸赢了一回，他倒几乎失败了。However,the truth of the proverb“misfortune may prove a blessing in disguise”was shown when Ah Q was unfortunate enough to win and almost suffered defeat in the end.,3.“你真是不到黄河心不死”，她低声说，无可奈何地摇摇头。“You really do refuse to give up until a

21、ll hope is gone.”She murmured,shaking her head helplessly.,(三）套译1.刘姥姥道：“这倒也不然，谋事在人，成事在天，咱们得靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。”“Dont be so sure.”,said Granny Liu,“Man proposes,Heaven disposes.Work out a plan,trust to Buddha,and something may come out of it for all you know.”,2。“巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来”，叫我怎么样呢？“I dont see what I

22、am supposed to do without any capital.Even the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour!”3.三思而后行。Look before you leap.,二、歇后语的翻译（一）保留形象，直译1。“朱斌这个人就是狗咬耗子，多管闲事！”“它是狗，你是耗子？人家关心你！”“Chu Pin!Hes like a dog worrying a mouse,cant mind his own business!”“Hes being the dog and you the mouse,eh?No,he j

23、ust did it because hes concerned about welfare.”,2.咱们俩的事，一条绳上拴着两条蚂蚱，谁也跑不了！“We are like two grasshoppers tied to one cord:Neither can get away!”3.看你，隔着门缝瞧人，把人看扁啦！“Humph!If you peer at a person through a crack,he looks flat!Dont be so prejudiced.”,(二）保留形象，删译小小子知道黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，没安好心眼；可又不能不接待他。Hisao realized t

24、hat it was a case of the weasel coming to pay his respects to the hen.He was very uneasy,but he had to entertain his unwanted visitor.,2.我在店里呢，是灯草拄杖，做不得主的。Im afraid youll find me a broken reed,since my position in the company doesnt permit me to make such a position individually.,(三）改变形象，套译1。“你可倒好，肉

25、包子打狗，一去不回头啊！”她的嗓门很高，和平日在车上与车夫们吵嘴时一样。“Well,you certainly are a guy!A dog given a bone who doesnt come back for more!”Her voice was as loud as when she bawled out at the rickshaw men in the yard.2。他心里像有十五个吊桶打水，七上八下地不安宁。It was as if the sword of Damocles hang over him.,（四）舍弃形象，意译1。等他们赶来增援时，已是“正月十五贴门神晚了

26、半个月啦！”But they were too late for a rescue.2.生活的海里起过小小的波浪，如今似乎又平静下去，一切跟平常一样，一切似乎都是外甥打灯笼，照旧（舅）。The even tenor of their life had been disturbed,but things seemed to be settling down again.The villagers felt themselves back in the old rut.,(五）保留形象，直译加注和尚打伞无法（发）无天A monk under an umbrella-Wu fa wu tian(without hair,without heaven)-defying laws human and divine.,